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De Moivres Theorem:
Page 1
Relations involving Modulus and
Argument:
|z|2 = z
__________________________________
|z | = |z|
_ ________
|z| = x2 + y2
Vectors
Z1
Z1 + Z 2
Z1
Z2
Z2 Z1
Z2
__________________________________
The triangle inequality
|z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2|
Im(z)
z1 + z2
z2
|z2|
|z1 + z2|
z1
|z1|
Re(z)
(x y ) + 2xyi = 10 24i
x2 y2 = 10__________
__________________________________
2xy = -24
-24
y = 2x
-12
=x
___________
-12
Sub into x2 x
-144
x2 x2
= 10
= 10
x4 10x2 144 = 0
x2 = 18 or x2 = -8
____
x = 3 2
____
or x = 2 2 i
____
choose x = 3 2
-12_
sub into y =32
-4
=2
= -2 2
_____
____
____
and -3 2 + 2 2 i
COMPLEX NUMBERS
Page 2
Sketching curves and regions:
To sketch |z (x + iy)| = r
is a circle with centre (x,y) and
radius, r.
Graphically, |z (x + iy)| = r is the
vector joining (x + iy) to z
Eg 1: Sketch the graph where |z 1 + i| < 2
and arg(z 1) 45 both hold:
|z
(1 i)| < 2,
45
arg(z (1))
45
.
1-i
2
Eg 2: Sketch |z| = |z + 2 i|
|z 0| = |z (2 + i)|
Consider z3 = 1
z3 1 = 0
(z 1)(z2 + z + 1) __
z = 1 or 1 i 3
2
These are called the three complex
cube roots of unity
Using deMoivres theorem to find the
complex roots of unity:
Eg: For z3 = 1
Let z = r (cos + isin ) be a solution
Then z3 = r3 (cos + isin )3
= r3 (cos (3) + isin (3))
1 as a complex number in mod arg form is
1(cos 0 + isin 0)
of z3 = 1
Roots of z4 =Roots
1