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Revision Notes Paper 3

Primary Key: It is an attribute or combination of attributes chosen to ensure that the records in a table
are unique. The primary key is used to identify a record.
Foreign Key: It is an attribute/or combination of attributes that links to or is the primary key in another
table.
Normalization
1
st
Normal Form
A relation with repeating groups removed is said to be in First Normal Form (1NF). That is, a relation in
which the intersection of each tuple and attribute (row and column) contains one and only one value.
2
nd
Normal Form
A relation that is in 1NF and every non-primary key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key is in
Second Normal Form (2NF). That is, all the incomplete dependencies have been removed.
3
rd
Normal Form
A relation that is in 1NF and 2NF, and in which no non-primary key attribute is transitively dependent on
the primary key is in 3NF. That is, all non-key elements are fully dependent on the primary key.


i. the largest magnitude, positive number; 01111111/01111111 = 127/128x2^127
ii. the smallest magnitude, positive number; 01000000/10000000 = 1/2x2^-128 (2^-129)
iii. the largest magnitude, negative number; 10000000/01111111 = -1x2^127
iv. the smallest magnitude, negative number. 10111111/10000000 = -65/128x2^-128
Explain how accuracy can be improved in a floating point representation and state an effect it can
have on the number represented.
Increase the number of bits used for the mantissa by reducing the number of bits for the exponent
The range of numbers is reduced because the size of the index of the power of two is reduced

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