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4551 SMJK PHOR TAY

UJIAN 2 2013
Tingkatan 4 BIOLOGY Masa: 1 Jam

Marking scheme
Section A (10 marks)
1. C 6. A
2. C 7. B
3. D 8. A
4. C 9. D
5. B 10. D

Section B (40 marks)
1 a) P = Plasma membrane
S = Rough endoplasmic reticulum
1
1
b) - Semi-permeable /
- composed of phospholipids bilayer and proteins
1
c) pancreatic cell/ intestinal epithelium/ stomach epithelium/ cell in the
salivary gland/ root cap/ goblet cell
1
d) Chromosomes carry genetic material which is transferred from the
parent to the offspring
2
e) - Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes/ lysozymes
- which will digest /hydrolyse damaged organelles, absorb the useful
nutrients and eliminate waste
1
1
f) - regulating body temperature/
- eliminating urea/
- as a protective layer
1
1
2 a)(i) Region R 1
(ii) More water molecules are found in region R 1
(iii)


1
1




(iv) Osmosis 1
b) - The concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is higher than that of the
blood capillaries.
- The oxygen molecules diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer (by
simple diffusion) into the blood capillaries down the concentration
gradient.
1

1
solution level
The number of water molecules in
both region (= 12/13 H
2
O molecules)
should not change the number of
sucrose molecule in both region
2

c) - Excess fertiliser will make the soil water more concentrated and
hypertonic to the cell sap of the roots
- As a result, water diffuses from the cell sap into the soil by
osmosis.
- The cells are plasmolysed, flaccid cells cannot provide support to
the plant and this lead to wilting.
1

1

1
3 a)

Aspect Cell P Cell Q
Type of cell
division
Meiosis Mitosis
Stage of cell
division
Metaphase 1 Metaphase
Chromosomal
behaviour
Homologous
chromosomes are
arranged at the
metaphase plate
Individual
chromosomes line
at the metaphase
plate


2


2

2
b)


1
c) crossing over 1
d) - Mitosis forms two daughter cells at the end of the division while
meiosis forms four daughter cells at the end of the division.
- The daughter cells formed in mitosis have the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cell while the daughter cells formed in
meiosis have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Crossing over and synapsis do not occur in mitosis while crossing
over and synapsis occur in meiosis.
1

1


1
(any two)
4 a) - salivary amylase
- hydrolyses starch into maltose
1
1
b) - If food is not taken at regular times, absence of food in the stomach
will result in the acidic gastric juice acting on the epithelial lining
of the stomach wall. (gastric juice is secreted into the lumen of the
stomach whenever one feels hungry)
- The epithelial lining of the stomach will become inflamed/ this will
lead to gastritis
1



1

3

c)(i) liver 1
(ii) 1. create an alkaline environment for the enzyme action in the
duodenum
2. Neutralise the acidic chyme
3. bile salts emulsify lipids into tiny droplets, thus providing a greater
surface area for digestion by enzymes
1

1
1
[Max 2]
d) vitamin B/ vitamin K 1
e) - Excess protein/ amino acids are broken down by deamination
process
- The final product is urea which is excreted through kidney
1

1

Section C (20 marks)
1 a) A process whereby a green plant produces glucose from carbon dioxide
and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight.
2
b) Light reaction occurs in the grana
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy and electrons are released
ATP molecules are produced (using the energy from excited
electrons)
Photolysis of water produces hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions.
The H
+
ions combine with electron to form hydrogen atoms.
Hydroxyl ions release electrons and form hydroxyl groups
Hydroxyl groups combine to form water and release oxygen
molecules
The hydrogen atoms/ATP molecules will be used in the dark
reaction which occurs in the stroma.
Hydrogen atoms are used to fix carbon dioxide in a series of
reactions catalysed by photosynthetic enzymes.
The overall reaction results in the reduction of carbon dioxide into
glucose
Glucose undergoes condensation and is converted to starch for
storage.
It occurs in a series of chemical reactions which require ATP
1
1
1

1
1
1
1



1


1

1

1
[10marks]
c) Absorption
Products of digestion: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerols
Glucose and amino acids enters the blood capillaries of villi.
Fatty acids and glycerols enter the lacteal of villi
Any two
Assimilation
(i) Glucose
Used by the cells to produce energy/ to carry out cellular respiration

1
1
1



1
4

Excess glucose is converted to glycogen (stored in the liver/ muscle)
when glycogen store in liver is full, glucose is converted into lipids
Any two
(ii) amino acids
Used to make proteins/ enzymes/ hormone/ protoplasm
Excess amino acids are converted into urea
When a short supply of glucose and glycogen occurs, the liver
converts amino acids into glucose
Any two
(iii) lipids
Used in building plasma membrane
Excess fats are stored in adipose tissues
When the body lacks glucose, fats are oxidised to release energy
Any two
1
1


1
1
1



1
1
1
[8 marks]