NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers

- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters
for beams and cantilevers - common cases
This NCCI presents values for the effective length parameter k and the destabilizing
parameter D for beams and cantilevers with or without intermediate lateral restraints, for
use with NCCI document SN002.

Contents
1. 2 General
2. 2 Destabilizing load condition
3. 2 Simple beams without intermediate restraint
4. 3 Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint
5. 4 Cantilevers without intermediate restraints
6. 4 Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
1. General
The general expression for non-dimensional slenderness,
LT
is given by:
cr
y y
M
f W

.
LT = which, as shown in SN002, may also be expressed as:
w
z
1
LT
1
UVD
C
=
Where
D is a parameter to allow for the effect of destabilising loads
1
z

z
=
and
z
z
i
kL
= in which
L for a beam is the distance between points of restraint to the compression flange
for a cantilever is the length of the cantilever
k is the effective length parameter dependant on the restraint conditions at the supports
and expressions for the other parameters are given in SN002.
2. Destabilizing load condition
The destabilizing load condition should be taken into account where a load is applied to the
top flange of a beam or cantilever, and both the load and the flange are free to deflect laterally
and relative to the shear centre of the cross section (i.e. rotational movements).
3. Simple beams without intermediate restraint
The effective length parameter, k for lateral-torsional buckling of a simple beam with
restraints at the ends only, may be obtained from Table 4.1. If the restraint conditions at each
end differ, the mean value of k should be taken.
For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
otherwise D should be taken as 1,0.
Page 2
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
The conditions of restraint against rotation on plan of flanges at member supports should be
assessed taking into account the stiffness of the connections as well as the stiffness of the
supporting members or other construction supplying restraint at the supports.
4. Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint
The effective length parameter, k, for lateral torsional buckling of a simple beam with
intermediate restraints should be taken as 1,0.
For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
otherwise D should be taken as 1.0.
For the segment between a support and the adjacent intermediate lateral restraint, account
should be taken of the restraint conditions at the support. The effective length parameter k
should be taken as the mean of the value given above and the value given by Table 4.1 for the
restraint conditions at the support.

Table 4.1 Effective length parameter, k
Conditions of restraint at supports K
Both flanges fully restrained against rotation
on plan.
0,7 Compression flange
laterally restrained.
Compression flange fully restrained against
rotation on plan.
0,75
Both flanges partially restrained against
rotation on plan.
0,8
Nominal torsional restraint
against rotation about
longitudinal axis.
Compression flange partially restrained
against rotation on plan.
0,85
Both flanges free to rotate on plan. 1,0
Page 3
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
5. Cantilevers without intermediate restraints
The effective length parameter k for lateral-torsional buckling of a cantilever with moment
continuity, lateral and torsional restraint at the support (the common case) and with no
intermediate lateral restraint may be obtained from Table 6.1.
For all other support conditions k and D should be obtained from Annex A and L should be
taken as the length of the cantilever. For the destabilizing load condition, k and D should be
obtained from Annex A and L should be taken as the length of the cantilever, unless the top
flange also has intermediate restraints.
If a bending moment is applied at its tip the effective length parameter k from Table 6.1 or
Annex A should be increased by 30% or by 0.3, whichever is the greater.
6. Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints
Provided that the end restraint conditions correspond with Table 6.1 and the load is not
destabilising, the effective length parameter k for lateral torsional buckling of a cantilever
with intermediate restraints to its compression flange should be taken as 1.0, and L should be
taken as the length of the relevant segment between adjacent lateral restraints.
Page 4
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
Table 6.1 Effective length parameter k and destabilizing parameter D for a cantilever without
intermediate restraint, with effective restraint at the support.
Restraint to cantilever tips k D
1) Free 1,0 2,5
2) Lateral restraint to top flange 0,9 2,8

3) Torsional restraint 0,8 1,9

0,7 1,7 4) Internal and torsional restraint

Examples of restraints to cantilever supports, all providing effective moment continuity and lateral and
torsional restraint
Cantilevered beam continuous over supporting beam,
with lateral and torsional restraint.

Discontinuous cantilever, at same level as continuous
supporting beam

Cantilever supported from flange of column

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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
Annex A: Effective length parameter k and destabilising D for cantilevers without intermediate
restraint, for a range of restraints at the support.
Restraint conditions k D
At support At tip
1) Free a) Continuous, with lateral
restraint to top flange
3,0 2,5
2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
2,7 2,8
L

3) Torsional restraint
2,4 1,9
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
2,1 1,7

b) Continuous, with partial
torsional restraint
1) Free 2,0 2,5
2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
1,8 2,8
L
1,9
3) Torsional restraint
1,6 1,7
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
1,4

1) Free 1,0 c) Continuous, with lateral
and torsional restraint
2,5
2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
0,9 2,8
L

3) Torsional restraint
0,8 1,9
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
0,7 1,7

d) Restrained laterally,
torsionally and against
rotation on plan
1) Free 0,8 1,75
2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
0,7 2,0

L
3) Torsional restraint
0,6 1,0
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
0,5 1,0

Tip restraint conditions
3) Torsional restraint 1) Free 2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
(not braced on plan)






(braced on plan in at
least one bay)
(braced on plan in at least
one bay)
(not braced on plan)
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams
and cantilevers - common cases
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name Company Date
Created by J ames Way The Steel Construction
Institute
22/4/05
Technical content checked by Charles King The Steel Construction
Institute
11/5/05
Editorial content checked by
Technical content endorsed by the
following STEEL Partners:

1. UK G W Owens SCI 7/7/05
2. France A Bureau CTICM 17/8/05
3. Sweden A Olsson SBI 8/8/05
4. Germany C Muller RWTH 10/8/05
5. Spain J Chica Labein 12/8/05
Resource approved by Technical
Coordinator
G W Owens SCI 25/4/06
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:


Corrigendum 26/02/08
Reference to SN002 corrected
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