FORMULASI TUJUAN

PENELITIAN
Research purposes
The purpose of research is to discover answers to
questions through the application of scientific
procedures
The main aim of research is to find out the truth
which is hidden and which has not been
discovered as yet
Though each research study has its own specific
purpose, we may think of research objectives as
falling into four categories: exploratory,
descriptive, diagnostics and hypothesis testing
researches
Categories of research objectives
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed as
exploratory or formulative research studies);
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a group (studies with this object in
view are known as descriptive research studies);
3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or
with which it is associated with something else (studies with
this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies);
4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables (such studies are known as hypothesis-testing
research studies).

An example research purpose
To explore to what extent community home-based care
(CHBC) projects in Zimbabwe provide adequate,
affordable and sustainable care of good quality to people
with HIV/AIDS, and to identify ways in which these
services can be improved.

Mengeksplorasi sejauh mana proyek pelayanan
kesehatan berbasis rumah (CHBC) mampu memberikan
pelayanan yang layak, murah dan berkelanjutan kepada
penderita HIV/AIDS, dan mengidentifikasi cara-cara
untuk perbaikan kualitas pelayanan.
About research purposes & objectives
the general objective (purpose) of a study states
what researchers expect to achieve by the study in
general terms
it is possible (and advisable) to break down a general
objective into smaller, logically connected parts and
these are normally referred to as specific objectives
specific objectives should systematically address the
various aspects of the problem as defined under
statement of the problem and the key factors that
are assumed to influence or cause the problem
they should specify what you will do in your study,
where and for what purpose.
What are research purposes &
objectives?
what do you want to achieve at the end of
your study?
its importance:
it introduces your study
it states the intent of your study
it provides direction of your study for ways of
collecting data & the type of result that you hope
to find
What are research objectives
the objectives of a research project summarize what is
to be achieved by the study
objectives should be closely related to the statement
of the problem
for example, if the problem identified is low utilization
of child welfare clinics, the general objective of the
study could be to identify the reasons for this low
utilization, in order to find solutions.
objectives should specify what information is required
for the research
objectives should be clear and measurable

The research objectives should be
1. closely related to the research question
2. covering all aspects of the problem
3. very specific
4. ordered in a logical sequence
5. stated in action verbs that could be
evaluated, e.g. to describe, to identify, to
measure, to compare, to calculate etc.
6. achievable, taking into consideration the
available resources and time
7. mutually exclusive, with no repetitions or
overlaps

More specific research objectives
To identify the full range of economic, psycho-social,
health/nursing care and other needs of patients and their
families affected by AIDS
To determine the extent to which formal and informal support
systems address these needs from the viewpoint of service
providers as well as patients
To determine the economic costs of CHBC to the patient and
family as well as to the formal CHBC programs themselves
To relate the calculated costs to the quality of care provided to
the patient by the family and to the family/patient by the CHBC
programs
To determine how improved CHBC and informal support
networks can contribute to the needs of persons with AIDS and
other chronically and terminally ill patients
To use the findings to make recommendations on the
improvement of CHBC to home care providers, donors and
other concerned organizations, including government

Tujuan penelitian rinci
mengidentifikasi kebutuhan pelayanan ekonomi, psiko-sosial
dan perawatan kesehatan bagi pasien dan anggota keluarganya
menilai sejauh mana sistem pendukung formal dan non-formal
membantu pemecahan masalah baik dari sudut pandang pasien
maupun pemberi pelayanan
menilai biaya ekonomi CHBC bagi pasien, keluarga dan penyedia
pelayanan
menemukan hubungan antara biaya yang dibayar dengan
kualitas pelayanan menurut sudut pandang keluarga dan
pengelola CHBC
menilai bagaimana chbc dan dukungan jaringan informal dapat
memberikan sumbangan pada kebutuhan penderita hiv/aids
menggunakan temuan hasil penelitian untuk memperbaiki
pelayanan CHBC bagi penyedia pelayanan, donor dan organisasi
lain termasuk pemerintah pada berbagai tingkatan


Why should research objectives be
developed?
the formulation of objectives will help you to
focus the study (narrowing it down to essentials);
avoid the collection of data which are not strictly
necessary for understanding and solving the problem
you have identified; and
organize the study in clearly defined parts or phases.
properly formulated, specific objectives will
facilitate the development of your research
methodology and will help to orient the
collection, analysis, interpretation and utilization
of data.

How should you state your objectives?
take care that the objectives of your study:
cover the different aspects of the problem and its
contributing factors in a coherent way and in a
logical sequence;
are clearly phrased in operational terms,
specifying exactly what you are going to do,
where, and for what purpose;
are realistic considering local conditions; and
use action verbs that are specific enough to be
evaluated.
examples of action verbs are: to determine, to
compare, to verify, to calculate, to describe, and to
establish.
avoid the use of vague non-action verbs such as: to
appreciate, to understand, or to study.
Importance of research objectives
keep in mind that when the research project is
evaluated, the results will be compared to the
objectives.
if the objectives have not been spelled out
clearly, the project cannot be evaluated.
consistency between research objectives and
the results of your study should be ensured.
good research questions must be

F
Feasible: Adequate expertise and competency, affordable in time and
money, manageable in scope
I
Interesting: getting the answer intrigues the investigator, supervisor,
policy maker ...
N
Novel: generates new knowledge; confirms, refutes or extends
previous findings
E
Ethical: avoid plagiarism and issues considered unacceptable or
immoral in a given society
R
Relevant: addresses current top priority - technical, policy issues or is
a stepping block to future research