: , ,

,
; ,
, , ,
,
,
: ; ;
:
TU991.42
:
B
:
1009- 2455
(
2006
)
- 0009- 12
Design of sea water cooling tower
LIUGuan- jun
( North China Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China)
Abstract: Choosing closed circulating cooling system with cooling towers which using seawater as make- up
water for the circulating cooling water is a revolution for the thermal power plants in the coastal area and other
industrial coolingwater. This systemhas changed the conventional mode that taking water from the sea and draining
the waste water intothe sea, avoidingthe thermal pollution of the sea, reducing the amount of water takingfrom the
sea and saving the capital cost. The water intake for the very- large power plants planned to be constructed in the
Bohai Bay area will take place in the shoal coast by adoptingthe once- through water supply system with the intake
head goingmore than 10 km. into the sea, which may cost more than 1 billion or even billions of RMB. Accordingto
the Experimental Investigation of Sea Water Cooling Towers by a research institution and the international
engineering practice combined with the local conditions, the closed seawater circulating system with the cooling
towers for these projects is technicallyfeasible and rational.
Keywor ds
:
power plant; sea water coolingtower; circulatingcoolingwater
( , 100011)
,
4 1 000 MW
, 1 000 MW
102 000 109 000 m
3
/h ,
115.0 121.0 m
3
/s,
, ,
,
, 1 000 MW
,
,
1
MW
,
6 3
INDUSTRIAL WATER &WASTEWATER Vol . 37 Nov.
,
2006
1.1
1 000 : 200 - 09- 0
9
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m
INDUSTRIAL WATER &WASTEWATER Vol . 37 Nov.
,
2006
,
,
1.2
10%
( 27.4 , 81%,
1 000.5 hPa
) ,
1 1 000 MW
, 55 ,
109 000 m
3
/h,
1.0 m
, 1
1.3
,
,
,
,
,
33.0 ,
1.0 m ,
12 000 15 000 m
2
( -
) ,
1.20 1.50 m
,
165 m,
,
, 10%
, ,
,
1 1 000 MW
:
:
12 000 16 000 m
2
;
0.00 m
:
135.00 155.00 m; : 12.0 14.0 m;
: 180 200.0 m; : 145 160.0 m;
: 79.0 88.0 m
1
1 ( t
2
)
/m
2
/
13000 32.487
14 000
15 000
31.808
31.420
1
b) a) ( 200 m)
1.4
1.20 1.50 m ,
1 1 000 MW
:
: 9 000 12 000 m
2
; 0.00 m :
35 ; 3 ;
;
55 5
;
: 60.0 78.0 m
1.5
,
,
117.00 1 .00 m : 10.0 1 .0 m
:
180 200.0 m
:
1 17 .0 m
10
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m
:
20%
1 1 000 MW
1 15 000
m
2
1.5
2
2.1
,
,
, ,
,
,
10 a
,
,
2
2
2 900 MW 1 000 MW
/( m
3
h
-1
)
900 MW 1 000 MW 900 MW 1 000MW
1.3 5 833 6650 4 393 5 011
1.5 4 038 4602 2 598 2 966
1.8 3250 3590 1 589 1 815
/( m
3
h
-1
)
,
,
, ,
,
; ,
,
, ,
2.2
,
, , 1
,
,
,
,
, ,
G
1.3 1.5 -
2.0
,
1.2 2.0 ,
,
,
; ,
, 1.3
1.8 1 900 MW 1 000 MW
2
, 3
6 , 3
,
1.2 2.0 -
EA
2 1. 1.8
2.7 1. 1.8 1.7
1.8
11
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m
INDUSTRIAL WATER &WASTEWATER Vol . 37 Nov.
,
2006
( )
3
3.1
,
Na
+
Cl
-
, Mg
2+
Ca
2+
K
+
HCO
3
-
SO
4
2-
Br
-
8 99%
,
8 3.45%
,
NaCl 2.7% , 1
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, (
Merkel
)
PVC
1.0 1.5 2.0 ,
, :
: =36.29 29.86 ;
:
=26.54 23.16
;
: p=966.5 963hPa;
: t
1
=43.73 39.24 ;
: v=0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 m/s;
:
q =4 6 8 10 12 m
3
/
(
m
2
h
)
,
,
, ( ) ,
,
,
3.2
3.2.1
,
( N M K M SO )
,
SO
,
,
100 210 mm
,
, , , ,
,
8%
,
, ,
, ,
C30, W8,
,
, ,
, ,
,
, ,
2.5
,
,
,
,
,
,
, + +
(
High
Performance Concrete - HPC)
, , HPC
:
(
28 d
) :
f
ck
=60 MPa
;
: Cl
-
0.2%;
( 28 d) : 1 000 ;
( ) , aCl gCl
2
Cl g
4
4
2-
: 10 cm 20
cm
12
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m
HPC :
, ,
18 20 cm, 6 h,
12 h,
, 3d
: f
ck
> 35 MPa, 28 d : f
ck
> 60 MPa,
,
, ( 14 d) :
2
>0.02%,
, , :
W
20
, : F200, :
K
6
<0.8,
HPC ,
, ,
, , HPC , ,
HPC ( Slag Fines- SF)
, SF
4 000 5
000 cm
2
/ g
,
SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Ca( OH)
2
( C- S- H) ,
HPC
:
, HPC ,
20 22 cm, 1.0 h 1 2
cm, 8 10 cm, 1.0 h
4 5cm
HPC 10 15 h, 16 20 h,
, ,
, 28 d
, 90 d HPC
28 d , 90 d
28 d 115%
,
,
, ,
5 6
,
220 260 HPC
200 280 HPC
14 d
, :
c
= 0.32 0.44
MPa
0.2 0.7 MPa, HPC
,
HPC
,
180 d 120 160 ,
250 350 ,
30%
,
p
100
,
S
m
>
p
, , HPC
200
2
,
2
S
m p
,
,
p
,
HPC
, ,
,
V.S.Ramachandran
:
,
Cl
-
HPC
:
28 d
0.5% Na
2
SO
4
6
, K
6
,
K
6
<0.8, HPC
GBJ84-85 HPC 10
30 cm , 3 , 6
, 1 a, ,
HPC
Ym- 84 2 ( 0.5
1.0 mm) , HPC
, HPC 3
7 28 180 d
,
, 100 ,
,
:
3
00 00
1
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m
INDUSTRIAL WATER &WASTEWATER Vol . 37 Nov.
,
2006
, ,
,
, ,
, HPC
,
GBJ84- 85 , HPC
10 a,
- ,
,
3
3 CaCO
3
( )
/m /m
0 2.13 94 1.09
33
3 10 a
3.2.2
, , SO
4
2-
Ca
2+
, ,
, ,
,
1992
,
,
, ,
,
,
,
3.2.3
,
,
,
3.3
3.3.1
,
, ,
CaCO
3
CaSO
4
MgSiO
2
Ca
3
( PO
4
)
2
Ca
2+
HCO
3
-
, Ca
( HCO
3
)
2
, CO
2
, Ca( HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
CaCO
3
pH
CaCO
3
pHs ,
0 :
Is =pH- pHs ( 1)
pHs =
(
9.3+A+B
)
-
(
C+D
) (
2
)
A B C D ,
, , 1
, Is 1.06,
CaCO
3
,
, CaCO
3
,
CaCO
3
, 3
CaCO
3
,
1.29 141 0.94
14
w
w
w
.
z
h
u
l
o
n
g
.
c
o
m