This document contains 11 multi-part physics and engineering problems related to heat transfer and thermodynamics. The problems involve calculating temperatures, heat transfer rates, lengths, and energy savings for a variety of scenarios involving heat exchangers, heating/cooling objects, heat transfer through materials, and more. Formulas for heat transfer, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and other concepts are applied to solve the problems step-by-step.
This document contains 11 multi-part physics and engineering problems related to heat transfer and thermodynamics. The problems involve calculating temperatures, heat transfer rates, lengths, and energy savings for a variety of scenarios involving heat exchangers, heating/cooling objects, heat transfer through materials, and more. Formulas for heat transfer, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and other concepts are applied to solve the problems step-by-step.
This document contains 11 multi-part physics and engineering problems related to heat transfer and thermodynamics. The problems involve calculating temperatures, heat transfer rates, lengths, and energy savings for a variety of scenarios involving heat exchangers, heating/cooling objects, heat transfer through materials, and more. Formulas for heat transfer, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and other concepts are applied to solve the problems step-by-step.
0 C) flows in the inner pipe of doublepipe heat exchanger. The liquid food enters the heat exchanger at 20 0 C and exist at 60 0 C. The flow rate of the liquid food is 0.5 kg/s. In the annular section, hot water at 90 0 C enters the heat exchanger and flows countercurrently at a flow rate of 1 kg/s. The average specific heat of water is 4.18 kJ/(kg 0 C). Assumes steady state conditions a) Calculate the exit temperature of water b) Calculate log-mean temperature difference c) If the average overall heat transfer coefficient is 2000W/(m 2
0 C) and the diameter of the inner pipe is 5cm, calculate the length of the heat exchanger d) Repeat the above calculation for parallel-flow configuration.
2. A large block of fish (length = 80 cm, width = 60 cm, and thickness = 40 cm) is being tempered (heated) so that it can be easily cut into smaller blocks. Initially the uniform temperature of the fish block is -25C. The fish block is placed in a room at 20C. Determine the center temperature of the block after 20 hours. The properties of the fish are k = 0.55 W/mC, specific heat = 3800 J/kg C, density = 980 kg/m3. The convective heat transfer coefficient is 50 W/m2C. (Note: the temperature range in this example does not involve any phase change from ice to water, therefore it is correct to use the temperature-time charts. When a phase change occurs then we will need to consider a different approach to solve this problem
3. To cool hot edible oil, an engineer has suggested that the oil be pumped through a pipe submerged in a nearby lake. The pipe (external diameter = 15 cm) will be located in a horizontal direction. The average outside surface temperature of the pipe will be 130C. the surrounding water temperature may be assumed to be constant at 10C. The pipe is 100 m long, and assume no movement of water. Estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient from the outside pipe surface into water. Furthermore, determine the rate of heat transfer from the pipe into water. 4. It is desired to limit the heat loss from a wall of polystyrene foam to 8 J s -1 when the temperature on one side is 20C and on the other -18C. How thick should the polystyrene be? [ 17 cm ] 5. Calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient from air to a product packaged in 3.2 mm of solid cardboard, and 0.1 mm of celluloid, if the surface air heat transfer coefficient is 11 J m -2 s -1 C -1 . [ 7.29 J m -2 s -1 C -1 ] 6. The walls of an oven are made from steel sheets with insulating board between them of thermal conductivity 0.18 J m -1 s -1 C -1 . If the maximum internal temperature in the oven is 300C and the outside surface of the oven wall must not rise above 50C, estimate the minimum necessary thickness of insulation assuming surface heat transfer coefficients to the air on both sides of the wall are 15 J m -2 s -1 C -1 . Assume the room air temperature outside the oven to be 25C and that the insulating effect of the steel sheets can be neglected. [ 10.8 cm ] 7. Some people believe that because of' its lower thermal conductivity stainless steel is appreciably thermally inferior to copper or mild steel as constructional material for a steam-jacketed pan to heat food materials. The condensing heat transfer coefficient for the steam and the surface boiling coefficient on the two sides of the heating surface are respectively 10,000 J m -2 s -1 C -1
and 700 J m -2 s -1 C -1 . The thickness of all three metal walls is 1.6 mm. Compare the heating rates from all three constructions (assuming steady state conditions). [ mild steel 2% worse than copper, stainless steel 4.5% worse than copper ] 8. A long cylinder of solid aluminium 7.5 cm in diameter initially at a uniform temperature of 5C, is hung in an air blast at 100C. If it is found that the temperature at the centre of the cylinder rises to 47.5C after a time of 850 seconds, estimate the surface heat transfer coefficient from the cylinder to the air. [ 25 J m -2 s -1 C -1 ] 9. A can of pumpkin puree 8.73 cm diameter by 11.43 cm in height is being heated in a steam retort in which the steam pressure is 100 kPa above atmospheric pressure. The pumpkin has a thermal conductivity of 0.83 J m -1 s -1 C -1 , a specific heat of 3770 J kg -1 C -1 and a density of 1090 kg m -3 . Plot out the temperature at the centre of the can as a function of time until this temperature reaches 115C if the temperature in the can prior to retorting was 20C. [ at 70 min, 111C; at 80 min, 116C ; 79 min for 115C ] 10. 10. A steam boiler can be represented by a vertical cylindrical vessel 1.1 m diameter and 1.3 m high, and it is maintained internally at a steam pressure of 150 kPa. Estimate the energy savings that would result from insulating the vessel with a 5 cm thick layer of mineral wool assuming heat transfer from the surface is by natural convection. The air temperature of the surroundings is 18C and the thermal conductivity of the insulation is 0.04 J m -1 s -1 C -1 . [ 83% ] 11. 11. It is desired to chill 3 m 3 of water per hour by means of horizontal coils in which ammonia is evaporated. The steel coils are 2.13 cm outside diameter and 1.71 cm inside diameter and the water is pumped across the outside of these at a velocity of 0.8 m s -1 . Estimate the length of pipe coil needed if the mean temperature difference between the refrigerant and the water is 8C, the mean temperature of the water is 4C and the temperature of the water is decreased by 15C in the chiller.