2014

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURSES

Section_B
5/26/2014
Power Corporations In Pakistan
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Mechanical Engineering 2K10 Batch
HITEC University Taxila Cantt
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...........4
2. WAPDA...4
2.1 EXISTING GENERATING CAPACITY ........6
2.2 Dams and Reservoirs.....7
2.3Tarbela Dam.....7
2.4Mangla Dam......7
2.5Chashma Hydropower Project........8
2.6Warsak Dam...8
2.7GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT......9
2.8Salient Features of WAPDA Hydel Power Station.....12
2.9Comparison of Net Electric Output.....13
3.PAKISTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY......15
3.1Thermal Generation...........15
3.2IPPS.18
3.3Energy Statement from Year (2011-2013).......19
4.KESC.............20
4.1Power Generation...21
4.2Coal Conversion....22
4.3Karachi Biogas.........22
4.4 Power Transmission.....23
4.5Power Distribution.....23
5. NTDC.........24
6. Energy Demand and New Projects..28
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6.1 Wind Power.29
6.2 China Pakistan Power Plant Corporation.29
6.3NeelumJehlum Hydropower Project......29
7. Conclusion...31
8.References...32






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1. Introduction
Energy is the lifeblood of a country. The most popular and used energy form today is the
electricity, due to its higher efficiency and ease of use. The world of today is thriving hard
for development and control over energy resources. In context of energy development
which is reliable index of economic development the world could be divided into three
broad groups:
Highly developed countries with per capita energy consumption of 4000 kilogram
coal equivalent and above
Developed countries with per capita energy consumption of 1000-4000 kilogram coal
equivalent and above
Developing countries with per capita energy consumption of 1000 kilogram coal
equivalent and above
Pakistan is in the third group with per capita energy consumption of just 200 kilogram coal
equivalent.
To efficiently run supply and demand chains of energy throughout the country, power
corporations have been developed. These power corporations are collection of large group
of companies whose job is to produce, supply and manage electric energy of a country.
Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by two
vertically integrated public sector utilities: Water and Power Development Authority
(WAPDA) for all of Pakistan (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation
(KESC) for the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas.
2. WAPDA
WAPDA, the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority, was created in 1958 as a
Semi-Autonomous Body for the purpose of coordinating and giving a unified direction to the
development of schemes in Water and Power Sectors, which were previously being dealt
with, by the respective Electricity and Irrigation Department of the Provinces.
Since October 2007, WAPDA has been bifurcated into two distinct entities i.e. WAPDA and
Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO). WAPDA is responsible for water and hydropower
development whereas PEPCO is vested with the responsibility of thermal power generation,
transmission, distribution and billing. There is an independent Chairman and MD (PEPCO)
www.pepco.gov.pk replacing Chairman WAPDA and Member (Power) who were previously
holding the additional charges of these posts.
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WAPDA is now fully responsible for the development of Hydel Power and Water
Sector Projects.
PEPCO has been fully empowered and is responsible for the management of all the
affairs of corporatized nine Distribution Companies (DISCOs), four Generation
Companies (GENCOs) and a National Transmission Dispatch Company (NTDC). These
companies are working under independent Board of Directors (Chairman and some
Directors are from Private Sectors).
The Companies are administratively autonomous and leading to financial autonomy
by restructuring their balance sheets by bringing their equity position to at least 20
percent, required to meet the prudential regulations and to facilitate financing from
commercial sector (approved by ECC).
The Loan Liability Transfer Agreements (LLTA) has been signed with Corporate
Entities and execution of loan transfer is complete.
All Entities have the physical possessions of all their operational assets.
On 24th Feb. 2007 Ministry of Water & Power notified NEPRA approved Tariff for all
Distribution Companies replacing unified WAPDA Tariff.
Legal Agreements such as Business Transfer Agreements, Operation Development
Agreement, Energy Supply Agreement, Business Supplementary Agreement and Fuel
Supply Agreement etc. were executed between WAPDA and Corporate Entities to
facilitate commercial operations.
Regulatory instruments like Grid Code, Distribution Codes, Performance Standard for
Distribution Companies and Transmission Companies were drafted and got
approved from (www.nepra.org.pk) in 2007.
All major lenders gave their consent for transfer of their loan from WAPDA to
Corporate Entities, thus 326 loan assumption agreements were signed amongst
respective Companies, WAPDA and EAD (Economic Affairs Division) GOP.
CPPA is established under the coverage of NTDC for payments from DISCOs to IPPs,
GENCOs and NTDC. Ultimately, it will function independently under Federal Govt.
and all forthcoming IPPs will be under CPPA.
The Charter of Duties of WAPDA is to investigate, plan and execute schemes for the
following fields:
Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Power.
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Irrigation, Water Supply and Drainage.
Prevention of Water logging and Reclamation of Waterlogged and Saline Lands.
Flood Management.
Inland Navigation.
The Authority comprises of a Chairman and three Members working through a Secretary.
WAPDA is one of the largest employers of human resources in Pakistan. Over the years
WAPDA has built-up a reservoir of Technical know-how and expertise which has made it a
modern and progressive organization.
2.1EXISTING GENERATING CAPACITY
The existing generation capacity is 13472 MW in winter and 16190 in the summer season.
The generation of electricity and their type is clearly mentioned below.


Figure : Installed Power Generation Data (2014)


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2.2Dams and Reservoirs
The hydro generation of WAPDA has an installed capacity of 6750 MW. This power comes
fromTarbela,Mangla,Chashma,Warsak andGhazi Barotha dams.
2.3 Tarbela Dam
Tarbela Dam is located on the river Indus 50 miles northwest of Islamabad and completed in
1974. It is World's largest earth and rock-filled dam, which has greatly enhanced the
agriculture and industrial potential in the Country.
Due to silt carried by inflowing water, to the extent of 110,000 MAF per year since 1974,
sedimentation has taken place, which has reduced the gross reservoir capacity from 11.620
MAF to 8.496 MAF.
The project cast is US$ 1.85 billion and has a maximum generation capacity 3478 MW.


2.4Mangla Dam
Mangla Dam is an earth fill type dam constructed on river Jhelum in 1967 as a part of Indus
Basin Development Plan. It is a multipurpose Project designed to conserve and regulate the
floodwater of the River Jhelum for irrigation purpose and power generation.
Due to deposition of silt during 34 years of its operation the gross capacity has reduced from
5.88 MAF to 4.82 MAF. Initially its life was estimated as 120 years but later on with the
implementation of watershed management practices in catchment area, its expected life is
now estimated as 170 years. The project cost is US$ 1.473 Billion with a total capacity 1000
MW.
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2.5Chashma Hydropower Project
Chashma Hydropower Project is located on the right abutment of Chashma Barrage. The
barrage is located on the Indus River near the village Chashma in Mianwali District, about
304 km. North West of Lahore. The project has been estimated at Rs17, 821.77 million
including foreign exchange component of Rs.9264.25 million.
The installed capacity of power Station is 184 MW comprising of 8 bulb type turbine units
each of 23 MW capacities. The bulb turbines have been installed for the first time in
Pakistan. The first unit was commissioned in January 2001, while final commissioning of all
units was completed in July 2001.
Apart from effective water management through barrage Chashma Hydropower Project has
generated 8.193 Billion KWh of cheap Hydel since commissioning. Annual Generation in
2008-09 was 1096.910 Million KWh the station shared peak load of 184 MW.
2.6Warsak Dam
Warsak Hydro Electric Power Project is located on River Kabul at about 30 km from
Peshawar in North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The project financed by Canadian
Government was completed under COLOMBO PLAN in two phases.
The Project Main Features The project consists of a mass concrete gravity dam with integral
spillway, power tunnel, power station, a concrete lined 10 feet diameter irrigation tunnel on
right bank and a 3 feet diameter steel pipe irrigation conduit on the left bank of the
reservoir. The 250 ft. high and 460 ft. long dam with reservoir of 4 square miles had a live
storage capacity of 25,300 acre-feet of water for irrigation of 119,000 acres of land and
meeting power generation requirement. A spillway with nine gates is capable to discharge
540,000 cusecs of flood water.

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POWER STATION
The first phase including construction of Dam, Irrigation tunnel, civil works for Phase-II and
installation of four units each of 40 MW capacities with 132 kv transmission system, was
completed in 1960 at a total cost of Rs.394.98 million. Two additional generating units each
of 41.48 MW capacities were added in 1980-81 at a cost of Rs.106.25 million as second
phase of the project.
Warsak Dam has now completely silted up and practically there is no available storage.
Power generation is being achieved according to water inflows in River Kabul like a "Run-of-
the-River' project. Lean flow period at Warsak is observed from October to March during
which capability reduces to about 100 MW (Peak). Besides providing irrigation water from
the dam during early years of its life, the project has generated over 36.261 Billion KWh of
cheap energy since its commissioning. Annual generation during 2008~2009 was 994.404
Million KWh while the station shared 214 MW peak load.


2.7GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER PROJECT
The shortage of electrical power at affordable cost has long been identified as one of the
main hurdles to the industrial and economic growth of Pakistan. The demand for electricity
is growing rapidly and requires a considerable increase in the rate at which new generating
capacity is introduced. Presently demand is met through a mix of thermal and hydroelectric
plants. The percentage of thermal power generation has continued to increase in recent
years, with a noticeable impact on unit cost of generation. WAPDA has continually sought to
maximize the countrys capacity for Hydropower generation and reduce the dependence
upon thermal power generation.
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project with a generation capacity of 1450 MW and an average
energy output of 6600 GWh is a large, renewable and emission free source of energy
towards WAPDAs Vision 2025 goals.

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The Project
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project is located on the Indus river downstream of Tarbela
Dam. The Project utilizes the hydraulic head available between the tailrace at Tarbela Dam
and the confluence of the Indus and Haro Rivers for power generation. In this reach Indus
River drops by 76 m in a distance of 63 km. This Project possesses the minimum of
environmental and social impacts.
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project consists of three main components. The Barrage, the
Power Channel and the Power Complex. The Project utilizes the normal Tarbela Dam
releases to provide year round maximum power generation during the daily hours of peak
demand, including the months of May and June when reservoirs of Mangla and Tarbela
Dams are historically at their lowest. This enhances the capacity of the whole power system
by providing much needed relief in the form of cheap hydel energy.
The Barrage
The Barrage located 7 km downstream of Tarbela Dam, provides a pond which re-regulates
the daily discharge from Tarbela by diverting the flow into the Power Channel. The principal
features include 20 No. standard bays, 8 No. under sluices and 8 No. head regulator bays in
addition to rim embankments, fuse plug and dividing island.
The Barrage can pass the design flood of 18,700 cumecs, equivalent to the flood of record,
through the standard bays and under sluices at the normal pond level of El. 340 m. The fuse
plug has been provided to pass the extreme flood up to the capacity of Tarbelas spillway
and tunnels equaling 46,200 cumecs.
The Power Channel
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project holds the record for the biggest concrete lined channel
in the world. The channel is 51.90 km long with a concrete lining and design flow of up to
1600 cumecs at a water depth of 9 m. It has a bottom width of 58.4 m.
The Power Channel has a nearly contour alignment with hills on the left side and the land
naturally draining towards the Indus River on the right side. The Power Channel intercepts
fifty three nullahs (natural drains) of which twenty-seven major nullahs have been passed
over the Power Channel by providing super passages. The remaining twenty four minor
nullahs are being discharged into the Power Channel through individual inlets whilst one
nullah is passing underneath the channel through a culvert.In addition to the thirty four
road bridges, including bridges for both Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway and the G.T road,
there are 12 pedestrian crossings over the Power Channel.
The main railway line joining Rawalpindi to Peshawar also crosses the power channel and
required the construction of the second longest single span railway bridge in Pakistan. This
may be the last riveted bridge of its type, constructed in Pakistan.
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The Power Complex
The Power Complex having two head ponds with a combined live storage capacity of
approximately 25.5 million cubic meters is sufficient for the daily requirement of 4 hours
peak generation. This means that in May and June when there is reduced generation from
Tarbela and Mangla power houses, due to low reservoir levels, Ghazi Barotha Hydropower
Project provides peak production of 1450 MW.The five generating units in the Powerhouse
are each fed by a 10.6 m diameter steel lined penstock. Each of the five 290 MW Turbo
Generators can take a peak flow of 460 cumecs.
Power Complex has been provided with a self-priming siphon spillway of 1600 cumecs
capacity, having energy dissipation in a stilling basin and a baffle chute.The power
transmission is through 500 KV double circuit lines to WAPDAs national grid system.
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
The installed power generating capacity is 1450 MW consisting of five units each of 290
MW. The units have a design flow of 400 cumecs at optimum gate opening and 460 cumecs
at full gate opening for a design head of 69 m.
The principal items of power equipment are as follows:
Five Francis turbines each with a 290 MW generator which together have a
combined power generating efficiency of 94%.
Five three-phase banks of transformers, each single-phase unit being 107.5 MVA.
500 KV of conventional outdoor switchgear configured in one-and-a-half breaker
arrangement.
12 cranes with lifting capacities from 6 to 450 tons.
With a project which is spread over such large area, it was considered necessary both for
safety and efficiency that it should be monitored and controlled centrally. This has been
achieved by providing two independent distributed control systems (DCS) one each at the
Barrage and Power Complex which share information through an optic fiber cable link.

1. Gross Generation During the year 7059.690 MKWH
2. Maximum Generation (Month-wise) during the year 745.203 MKWH
3. Maximum Load 1450 MW
Figure: Technical Data of Brotha Complex (2011-2012)



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Figure 2.8: Salient Features of WAPDA Hydel Power Stations
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Province Wise Distribution of Installed Hydel Generation Capacity


Figure 2.9: Comparison of Net Electric Output




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3. PAKISTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
The Pakistan Electric Power Company (Private) Limited (PEPCO) has been entrusted the task
of managing the transition of WAPDA from a bureaucratic structure to a corporate,
commercially viable and productive entity. It is a mammoth task and progress in the initial
months was rather slow, but one should keep in mind that responsibility is enormous and
transition is a long drawn process.
Before going into further details of the restructuring programme, it is necessary to
understand the shift in the GoP policy. The GoP, in line with its Strategic Plan of 1992
approved by the cabinet committee, had decided to restructure the entire power sector in
the country
De-regulation of power sector
Promotion of IPPs
Restructuring of WAPDA
Privatization of select corporate entities
Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) unveiled new face of Pakistan's power sector with
the crisis management objectives to improve the efficiency of the power sector and to meet
customers' electric energy requirements on a sustainable and environment friendly basis.
The specific objectives of PEPCO are:
Stop load shedding
Constructing new grid stations
Reducing line losses; minimizing tripping and theft control
Revamping of generation units and to improve customer services and
Development of an integrated automated power planning system for generation,
transmission and distribution to ensure system stability, fault isolation and upgrade
relying, metering and tripping system at NTDC as well as Discos level.
3.1 Thermal Generation
PEPCO's Thermal Power Generation is mainly based on generation of power from its Steam
Turbo-Generators, Gas Turbines (simple as well as Combined Cycle Units) installed at
different Power Stations located in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan provinces. Indigenous Gas
& Coal is the main fuel whereas Furnace oil and HSD are also used as alternative fuel.
As per Government of Pakistan policy all thermal power generation has been restructured
and four corporatized companies namely Jamshoro Power Generation Company Limited
(GENCO-1) head quarter at Jamshoro district Dadu near Hyderabad Sindh, Central Power
Generation Company Limited (GENCO-2) head quarter at Guddu district Jacobabad Sindh
and Northern Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-3) headquarters at Muzaffargarh
and Lakhra Power Generation Company Limited (GENCO-IV) at Khanote (Sindh) have been
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formed and registered. Functioning of GENCOs has commenced. Structural formation of all
four GENCOs is as under:
JPCL (GENCO-1) CPGCL (GENCO-2) NPGCL (GENCO-3) LPGCL (GENCO-4)
TPS Jamshoro TPS Guddu TPS Muzaffargarh FBC Lakhraa
GTPS Kotri TPS Quetta NGPS Multan
GTPS Faisalabad
SPS Faisalabad
GTPS Shahdar
CGTM W/Shop F/Abad


The Jamshoro power company limited has 850 MW of thermal power station in Jamshoro
and a 174MW gas turbine station located at Kotri.


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3.2 IPPS
The country had been experiencing severe power shortage during eighties and early
nineties. As a result, load shedding had to be resorted to all over the country. This adversely
affected the national economy. It was not possible for the Govt. to establish Power Plants in
public sector due to shortage of funds. In order to eliminate power shortage/load shedding
in the minimum possible time, the Government constituted an Energy Task Force in 1993 to
devise a consolidated and comprehensive policy for revamping and rejuvenating the energy
sector. On the recommendations of the Energy Task Force, the Government announced a
Policy Framework and Package of Incentives for Private Sector Power Generation Projects
in March 1994 for a large scale induction of the private sector in power development. The
said Policy offered a fix leveled tariff of US 5.57 / kWh to the prospective investors (US 6.1
/ kWh average for 1-10 years) and a number of other incentives to attract foreign
investment in the power sector.
1292 MW (Net 1200 MW) HUB Power Project the biggest power plant in the private sector
contracted in 1992 started commercial operations in March 1997. Shortly after
commissioning disputes arose between GOP / WAPDA and HUBCO on tariff and other
issues. After protracted negotiations, these were resolved through Settlement Agreement of
December 2000 signed by the GOP, WAPDA and HUBCO. This resulted in a lower tariff
entailing a saving of about 3 billion dollars over 30 years term of the Power Purchase
Agreement.WAPDA also privatized its 1638 MW (Net 1342 MW) Gas Turbine Power Station,
KotAddu in June 1996 by incorporating it under the name of KAPCO and selling its 36%
shares to International Power of UK.After extensive correspondence/negotiations with the
International Power, the Power Purchase Agreement and other relevant documents have
been amended, providing inter-alia, reduction in tariff from Cents 5.60 / kWh to Cents 5.04 /
kWh, resulting in a saving of about 1.3 billion dollars to WAPDA over 25 years term of the
Agreement.

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Figure 3.3: Energy Statement from Year (2011-2013)
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HUB POWER
PROJECT
Company Hub Power Company
Capacity 1292 MW (Gross)
Location Tehsil Hub, District Lasbela, Balochistan
AES PAK
GENERATION
Company AES Pak Gen (Private) Company
Capacity 365 MW (Gross)
Location Mehmood Kot, Muzaffargarh, Punjab
UCH POWER
PROJECT
Company Uch Power Limited
Capacity 586 MW (Gross)
Location
Dera Murad Jamali, District Nasirabad,
Balochistan

4. KECS
Karachi is the City of Lights. It is a metropolis of over 20 million and is one of the most
populous cities in the world. K-Electric Limited formerly known as Karachi Electric Supply
Company Limited (KESC) is at present the only vertically-integrated power utility in Pakistan
that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to the city. The
Company covers a vast area of over 6,500 square kilometers and supplies electricity to all
the industrial, commercial, agricultural and residential areas that come under its network,
comprising over 2.2 million customers in Karachi and in the nearby towns of Dhabeji and
Gharo in Sindh and Hub, Uthal, Vindar and Bela in Balochistan.
K-Electric is also one of the citys largest employers with nearly 11,000 people currently
working for it. It was established one hundred years ago on September 13, 1913 and is one
of the oldest companies operational in Karachi. It was set up under the Indian Companies
Act of 1882 as the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation KESC. The entity was nationalized in
1952 but re-privatized on November 29, 2005. KESC came under new management in
September, 2008 and was renamed as the Karachi Electric Supply Company. At this point, it
was transformed into a profitable entity and is today a globally recognized example of an
unprecedented turnaround.Over the last few years, KESC has demonstrated a strong ability
to bring about a sustainable change. It has pursued a path of visible growth and
transformation which has placed it amongst the most dynamic institutions in Pakistan and in
the region.
The indicators of KESCs operational and financial turnaround have been clearly noticed by
its stakeholders, who have reason to believe that the Company is now a renewed entity with
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a brand new vision and a progressive outlook. Therefore, there is a strong case for its
repositioning and rebranding with a refreshing new identity as a manifestation of its
aspirations and its current stance as a leader in the energy sector in Pakistan. It is for this
reason that KESC has now been rebranded as K-Electric, complete with the renewed hope
that it will serve Karachi with more vigour, more energy and a fresh purpose.
The new management at K-Electric which took over in 2008 has introduced several
successful initiatives that have enabled significant value creation across the companys
operations. The companys generation capacity has been enhanced to 1,010 MW, the
transmission and distribution infrastructure has been augmented, electricity losses have
been reduced and financial performance has improved from year to year. In fact, K-Electric
is today providing thought leadership to the entire power sector and many of its
interventions have been acknowledged as best practices by experts in the field.
K-Electrics commitment to sustainability and to its environmental, social and governance
(ESG) value creation philosophy has led it to proudly become the first utility in Pakistan to
receive an A rating from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).Karachi is certainly the
economic engine of Pakistan, which makes K-Electric the economic jugular vein of the city
since it is the exclusive power provider. It pledges to make its contribution with even greater
zeal and commitment in the times to come.
4.1 Power Generation
K-Electric is the only vertically-integrated power utility in Pakistan. It produces electricity
from its own generation units with an installed capacity of 2341 MW. It also has power
purchase agreements for 1021 MW from various IPPs (Independent Power Producers),
WAPDA, KANUPP (Karachi Nuclear Power Plant) and through imports. These purchases are
based on an optimized generation cost that is governed by the fuel cost at the respective
power facilities and their operating efficiencies. Over the last few years, K-Electric has
enhanced its electricity generation capacity by 1,010 MW while it has improved its overall
fleet efficiency by 24%. K-Electrics now generates almost 52% electricity through own
system.

Figure: 24% Increase in Efficiency
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Initiatives
K-Electric has taken the following initiatives to enhance its power generation capacity:
Bin Qasim Power Plant
Commissioning of 560 MW Combined Cycle Project at Bin Qasim
Korangi Combined Cycle Power Plant phase-2
Conversion of open cycle of GT 1 and 2 to combined cycle
Increase of complex efficiency from 42% to 45%
Increase in output of plant by 27.5 MW
SITE and Korangi phase-2
Conversion of 2 open cycle engine-plants at SITE and Korangi to combined cycle.
Increase in efficiency from 37% to 42%.
Increase in output of plants by 10 MW each.
Efficient utilization of natural gas.
4.2 Coal Conversion
Forming of K-Energy (Pvt.) Ltd. by BEEGIL (the investors). K-Electric will lease Bin Qasim
Power Station 1, units 3 and 4 under long-term lease agreement to K-Energy. Respective
approvals from the Regulator are being sought to lease out KESC's existing plants to K-
Energy for Coal Conversion.K-Energy will function as an Independent Power Producer (IPP)
and will sell power to K-Electric. EPC Agreement has been signed with Harbin Electric
International.
4.3 Karachi Biogas
Karachi Organic Energy Limited (KOEL) incorporated to establish a Biogas Power Plant at
Landhi Cattle Colony. The plant will utilize cattle manure and organic food waste as
feedstock to produce 22 MW of electricity in two phases (11 MW each).


Figure : Generation Timeline of KESC


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Figure : KESC Power Plant

4.4 Power Transmission
K-Electrics transmission system comprises a total of 1249 km of 220 KV, 132 KV and 66 KV
lines with 62 grid stations and 128 power transformers. The Companys current transmission
losses are less than 1.03%. K-Electric is rehabilitating and upgrading its transmission and grid
stations with the state-of-the-art SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system
to monitor online and real time monitoring of the network, compatible with the fast
industrial, commercial and residential development activities in the city. This will provide
stable and uninterrupted power supply to customers.
4.5 Power Distribution
K-Electrics Distribution network ranks amongst the largest electricity such networks in the
world. Power is supplied to consumers through a network of power lines, substations and
pole-mounted transformers. The Power distribution and customer service is efficiently
managed though distribution of the area into four regions, which are divided into a total of
28 distribution centers.
The K-Electric distribution network comprises the following:

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Figure : An Overview of Karachi

5. NTDC
National Transmission &Despatch Company (NTDC) Limited was incorporated on 6th
November, 1998 and commenced commercial operation on 24th December, 1998. It was
organized to take over all the propertise, rights and assets obligations and liabilities of 220
KV and 500KV Grid Stations and Transmission Lines/Network owned by Pakistan Water and
Power Development Authority (WAPDA). NTDC operates and maintains twelve 500 KV and
twenty nine 220 KV Grid Stations, 5077 km of 500 KV transmission line and 7359 km of 220
KV transmission line in Pakistan.
NTDC was granted Transmission Licence No.TL/01//2002 on 31st December 2002 by
National Electric Power Regularity Authority (NEPRA) to engage in the exclusive
transmission business for a term of thirty (30) years, pursuant to Section 17 of the
Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997.
1. MFF Tranche 2
Subproject No. 5
New D.G. Khan 500kV Sub-Station and Transmission Line

2. ADB MFF Tranche 2
Subproject No. 8
Dispersal of Power from Jarwar IPP Jarwar Sadiqabad 132 kV Double Circuit
Transmission Line
3. MFF Tranche 2
Sub-project Number 01 New Okara 220 kV Sub-Station Transmission Line
Figure : NTDC Projects
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DISCOS DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
National Transmission & Despatch Company (NTDC) Limited
operates and maintains Grid Stations through:
LESCO=LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY
KESC=KARACHI ELECTRIC SUPPLY CORPORATION LIMITED
FESCO=FAISALABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY
MEPCO=MULTAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY
IESCO=ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED
GEPCO=GUJRANWALA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY
HESCO=HYDERABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED
QESCO=QUETTA ELECTRIC SUPPLY CORPORATION
PESCO=PESHAWAR ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY
TESCO=TRIBAL AREA ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY

LAHORE ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (LESCO)
Lahore Area Electricity Board was reorganized into a corporatized entity
under the name of Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO) with effect
from 22-03-1998, with the aim of commercialization and eventually
privatization.
AREA OF OPERATION:
LESCO's area of responsibility covers Civil Districts of Lahore, Kasur, Okara
and Sheikhupura.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LESCO:
LESCO comprises of the following six distribution Operation Circles, one
Construction and one GSO Circle, as detailed below Operation Circles:
1. North Lahore Circle 5 Divisions / 24 Sub Divisions
2. Central Lahore Circle 6 Divisions /23 Sub Divisions
3. Eastern Lahore Circle 4 Divisions /22 Sub Divisions
4. Okara Circle 5 Divisions / 23 Sub Divisions
5. South-Eastern LHR Circle 5 Divisions /22 Sub Divisions
6. Sheikhupura Circle 5 Divisions / 22 Sub Divisions
Project Construction Circle: 4 Divisions
G.S.O. Circle: 3 Divisions

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FAISALABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY (FESCO)
FESCO distributes and supplies electricity to about 2.00
million customers within its service territory with a population
of over 15.5 million under a Distribution License granted by
National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA)
pursuant to the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and
Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 (NEPRA Act).
Geographical service area of FESCO comprises Faisalabad,
Sargodha, Mianwali, Khushab, Jhang, Bhakker, and T.T Singh
districts. FESCO is one of the best electricity distribution
companies in Pakistan in terms of operational performance,
as it has low degree of distribution losses and a high rate of
bill collection. Its main service area is Faisalabad, known as
Manchester of Pakistan for its extensive textile industries.

ISLAMABAD ELECTRIC SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED (IESCO)
Technical Overview:
IESCO has 78 Grids having total capacity of 1, 950 MVA and distributes the power through
581 feeders.
Operational setup:
To ensure uninterrupted supply of electricity and most intimate customer services IESCO is
divided into four Circles, 19 Divisions and 94 Subdivisions.
Breakdown
Islamabad Circle (Islamabad Division 1,Islamabad Division 2,Barakahu Division)
City Circle Rawalpindi Rawat Division,City Division,Cantt Division,Satellite Town
Division,Westridge Division,Tariqabad Division)

Attock Circle: Taxila Division,Pindigheb Division,Attock Division
Chakwal Circle: Chakwal Division,Talagang Division,Dhudial Division,Pind Dadan Khan
Division
Jhelum Circle:Jhelum Division 1,Jhelum Division 2,Gujar Khan Division



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GRID STATIONS
NTDC operates and maintains twelve 500 KV and twenty nine 220 KV Grid Stations, 5077 km
of 500 KV transmission line and 7359 km of 220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

LIST OF 220 KV GRID STATIONS



Figure : List of Grid Stations
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GRID STATION REWAT
500 KV Rawat grid station is connected to Ghazi Brotha Power House for
dispersal of power from Ghazi Brotha Hydro Power Project through two
Brotha - Rawat 500 KV transmission lines. It also connected with 500KV
Nokhar G/S through 500kv D/C and Tarbela Power House through 500KV
single circuit
GRID STATION SHEIKH MUHAMMADI PESHAWAR
500KV Sheikh Muhammadi G/Station was commissioned on 08.12.1995
with 1x450MVA, 500/220KV Auto T/F Banks and Second 1x450MVA,
500/220 KV Auto T/F Bank energized on 28.02.1996. The G/Stn. is
connected with Tarbela through 500 KV S/C four bundled T/Line
completed on 19.11.1992.
The G/Stn. is feeding 3x160 MVA, 220/132 KV Power T/Fs installed at the
said G/Stn.

6. Energy Demand and New Projects
Today Pakistan is facing demand supply gap of 4500-5000 MW. The supply-demand gap has
continuously grown over the past 5 years until reaching the existing levels. Such an
enormous gap has led to load-shedding of 12-16 hours across the country. Ministry of water
and power has shown interest and initiated some new projects to fill this gap; details of
these are given below.

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6.1 WIND POWER IN PAKISTAN
Wind Farm Project:
1:
Jhampir (Sindh) by Zurlo Energy engineering a
Turkish company 50 MW capacity with each
wind turbine of 1.2MW.Currently four turbines
are operational so far generating 4.8 MW.
2:
Fauji Fertilizer Company Energy Limited
(FFCEL) capacity of 49.5 MW .Nordex
(Germany) and Descon Engineering Ltd.
(Pakistan) corporated .Installation of 33 Nos of
wind turbines (1.5 MW each) was successfully
completed in July 2012 and the project is now
in commissioning phase and will be
operational soon



6.2 China Pakistan Power Plant Corporation

China-Pakistan Power Plant Corporation is set up by both governments to build nuclear
power plants in Pakistan and China. This will help Pakistan energy requirements of 8,800
MW by 2030 by building six nuclear power plants of 300MW capacity each. Earlier China has
helped Pakistan in building Chasma Nuclear Power Complex.

6.3 NEELUM JHELUM HYDROPOWER PROJECT

The Project is running through Neelum Jhelum Hydro-Power Company (NJHPC) WAPDA,
headed by a Board of Directors (BOD). Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric Project (NJHEP) is
located in the vicinity Muzaffarabad (AJ&K). It envisages the diversion of Neelum river water
through a tunnel out -falling into Jhelum River. The intake Neelum Jhelum is at Nauseri 41
Km East of Muzaffarabad. The Powerhouse will be constructed at Chatter Kalas, 22 Km
South of Muzaffarabad. After passing through the turbines the water will be released into
Jhelum River about 4 Km South of Chatter Kalas.Neelum Jhelum Hydroelectric Project has
installed capacity of 969 MW. The Project will produce 5.15 Billion units of electricity
annually. Its expected completion date is November, 2016.
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Figure : Map of NeelumJehlum Hydropower Project












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7. Conclusion
Pakistan has a huge energy potential and Pakistan power corporations are working hard to
utilize these potentials to the full; however there are certain problems regarding political
and economic stability. Private companies are also trying to produce their own electricity by
setting up power plants. Electricity shortage can be eradicated only by sincere efforts of
Pakistan government by completing existing projects and to build new dams.






















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8. References
WAPDA (www.wapda.gov.pk)
PEPCO (www.pepco.gov.pk)
KESC (www.kesc.com.pk)
International Energy Agency (www.iea.org)
NTDC (www.ntdc.com.pk)
National Power Policy 2013
Nuclear Power in the Middle East by Nick, Cypro, Washington University Press
2001
Wind Power in Pakistan by Engr. Muhammad Imran Qamar