BUS 251(Business Communication)

Role of SEC in the economy of Bangladesh

Prepared for:
Mahood Hasan (MOH)
Faculty member, School of business
North South University
Prepared by:
Hossain Al Imran 1130395030
Md Inzamul Haque 1130033030
Md Shajjadul Islam 1130017030
Nafia Tabassum 1030407530
Syed Sadman Amin 1030690530

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Executive summary

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established on 8 June 1993 through enactment
of the Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993. The objectives of the SEC are to develop
the securities markets and to frame necessary rules and regulations of capital markets and issues
and dealings in securities with a view to provide for protection of investors. After establishment,
the Commission has played significant role in the overall development of the capital market and
legal infrastructure in the capital market, introduction of automated trading system for securities
transaction, deposit and transfer of securities electronically through establishment of Central
Depository Bangladesh Limited, opportunity of getting real time market price of securities and
index information, etc. Consequently, investors have been ensured to invest in the capital market
with confidence, and similarly entrepreneurs of different industries have picked the capital
market as the main source of long-term financing. The project contains details about the two
capital market of Bangladesh, their mechanism as well as the importance of SEC in the economy
of Bangladesh.

In this project we related SEC in our economy indirectly as the regulating body of the capital
market of Bangladesh which actually plays a direct role on the economy.










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C O N T E N T S
INSIDE PAGE
1 Introduction 03
2 Bangladesh capital market 04
3 Mechanism of capital market in Bangladesh 06
4 Effect of capital market in the economy of Bangladesh 10
5 Importance of and efficient SEC in the economy 13
6 Conclusion 18
7 References 18













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1. Introduction:
The Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC) was established on 8th June,
1993. Earlier its name was Securities and Exchange Commission. Through an amendment of the
Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993, on 10 December 2012, its name has been
changed as Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission. The Chairman and
Commissioners of the Commission are appointed by the government and have overall
responsibility to formulate securities legislation and administer as well.. The Commission is a
statutory body and attached to the Ministry of Finance. Security and exchange commission is the
official regulatory body of capital market of Bangladesh which plays a vital role in the economy.
So, if there is something wrong in capital market it will directly affect the economy which makes
SEC responsible. Distinctly, we can understand that SEC plays an indirect but significant role in
the economy of Bangladesh.
Mission of the SEC is to:
* Protect the interests of securities investors.
* Develop and maintain fair, transparent and efficient securities markets.
* Ensure proper issuance of securities and compliance with securities laws.
* Members perform the following functions:
* Serve as the members of the Commission and supervise its management.
* Provide policy direction to industry and staff and promulgate legally binding rules.
* Act as an administrative tribunal for decisions on the capital market.


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The Commission's main functions are:
1. Regulating the business of the Stock Exchanges or any other securities market.
2. Registering and regulating the business of stock-brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents,
merchant bankers and managers of issues, trustee of trust deeds, registrar of an issue,
underwriters, portfolio managers, investment advisers and other intermediaries in the securities
market.
3. Registering, monitoring and regulating of collective investment scheme including all forms of
mutual funds.
4. Monitoring and regulating all authorized self-regulatory organizations in the securities market.
5. Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities trading in any securities
market.
6. Promoting investors' education and providing training for intermediaries of the securities
market.
7. Prohibiting insider trading in securities.
8. Regulating the substantial acquisition of shares and take-over of companies.
9. Undertaking investigation and inspection, inquiries and audit of any issuer or dealer of
securities, the Stock Exchanges and intermediaries and any self-regulatory organization in the
securities market.
10. Conducting research and publishing information.


2. Bangladesh Capital Market:
Capital market plays a significant role in the economy as a source of long term financing. A fair,
efficient and transparent capital market is essential for a country for its industrialization and
economic development. To develop such a fair, efficient and transparent capital market, the
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Securities and Exchange Commission was established as a regulator through enactment of the
Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993 in June 1993, with the following
missions:

Protecting the interest of investors in securities;
Developing the capital and securities markets; and
Framing of securities rules concerning above.
The Commission frames rules and regulations under the relevant laws ensure control of the
capital market through compliance of duties and responsibilities of the issuer, stock exchange
and market intermediaries.

The Commission consists of a chairman and four full time members who are appointed by the
government for a period of three years as per law, and terms of their service is determined by the
government. The Chairman is the chief executive officer of the Commission.


The Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE):

Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd (DSE) is the oldest and largest stock exchange in Bangladesh.
Though DSE was established in 28 April 1954 but its commercial operation started in 1956. The
board of directors consisting of 24 members directs the activities of DSE. Out of them,
12 directors are elected by direct votes of DSE members and other 12 directors are nominated
by the elected members from non-DSE members upon approval of the Commission. At
present, there are 238 members in DSE of which 22 members are registered by the
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Commission for conducting securities business. DSE has expanded its on-line trading
network to many district towns like Gazipur, Narayanganj, Comilla, Feni, Habiganj,
Maulvibazar, Mymensingh, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Kushtia, Barisal, Rajshahi and
Bogra including the divisional towns.

As on 30 June 2011 total number of listings in DSE was 490 against which issued capital was
Tk. 80683.90 crore and the market capitalization was Tk. 285389.22 crore.
The Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE):
The Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd (CSE), the second stock exchange, was established in
1995. The board of directors consisting of 24 members directs the activities of CSE. Out of them,
12 directors are elected by direct votes of CSE members and other 12 directors are nominated
by the elected members from non-CSE members upon approval of the Commission.
Now there are 135 members in CSE of which 120 members are registered by the Commission for
conducting securities business.

As on June 30, 2011 total number of securities in CSE was 215 against which issued capital was
Tk. 20677.39 crore and market capitalization was Tk. 225978.00 crore.


3. Mechanism of Capital market:
The size of the world stock market or equity market is more than US$55 trillion and the total
derivatives market has been estimated at about $850 trillion at the end of December 2010, 12
times the size of the world economy. The enormous size of the value of stock market simply
justifies the economic magnitude and diversity of the stock market. The stock market has been
playing a very significant role in the economy of a country since the 12th century and has
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flourished the global economy in the 21st century. Virtually every developed, developing and
underdeveloped economy has stock markets handling billions of dollars, trading of stocks of
listed companies throughout every business day. The world's largest stock markets are in the
United States, United Kingdom, Japan, India, China, Germany, France, South Korea and the
Netherlands. The stock market is one of the most important sources for companies to raise
money as "share capital" from individuals and institutions. This allows businesses to be publicly
traded, or raise additional financial capital for balancing, modernizing, reconstruction or
expansion (BMRE) by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. This is an
attractive feature of investing in stocks, compared to other, less liquid investments such as real
estate. Some companies actively increase liquidity by trading in their own shares. A stock market
provides a central location for investors to come together to buy and sell shares in companies.
These transactions take place for listed companies that have to make public announcements of
profit, loss and revenue figures. The individuals who own shares of these companies are its
shareholders and they are entitled to a yearly dividend set by the company. The stock market has
two main segments - the primary market and the secondary market. New issues of shares in a
company, or initial public offerings (IPOs), are dealt with in the primary market, while existing
shares can be bought or sold in the secondary market. Most of the daily trading volume comes
from the secondary market. A stable stock market indicates healthy trading activity and strength
in the country's economy. Rising prices of stocks and other securities are indicators or predictors
to the level of economic growth. The performance of the stock market can also be seen as a
barometer of public sentiment, and conversely, the general perception of investors about the
economy can also influence the stock market significantly. A fall in stock prices indicates
pessimism among investors and an expectation of subdued industrial activity in the near future.
Any uncertainty in the country, like an impending change or deviation in the policy and strategy
of the government, central bank and other statutory bodies, political instability, can also subdue
prices in the stock market. In fact, the stock market is often considered the primary indicator of a
country's economic strength and development. Rising share prices, for instance, tend to be
associated with increased business investment and vice-versa. Share prices also affect the wealth
of households and their consumption. Therefore, central banks tend to keep an eye on the control
and behaviour of the stock market and, in general, on the smooth operation of financial system
functions. Financial stability is the ultimate aim of all central banks.
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The economy can benefit stupendously from a stock market that is properly regulated,
transparent, and allows investors to conveniently buy and sell stocks to earn returns. A stock
exchange market fulfills two primary purposes: (a) it encourages public participation in private
business ventures. Entrepreneurs with good business ideas can raise huge amounts of capital by
launching a public issue of the company's shares in the primary market; (b) through the stock
market investors get the opportunity to share the success of large institutions that have the
expertise to do well in their ventures. This is a universally acceptable unique and economically
viable system that paves the way for investing the idle money and small to medium size savings
of the mass people in the manufacturing or commercial companies; thus provides goods and
services and employment to the economy. The stock market allows companies to understand the
market sentiments accurately. Their future strategies and approach are often influenced by the
way their corporate activities are received by the public and reflected in their share prices. If
investors view a management decision favorably, then they will want to buy shares in the
company to take advantage of expected future success. This will push share prices up. Similarly,
the management can also draw conclusions from falling share prices and align policies
accordingly. Stock Exchanges act as the clearinghouse for each transaction, meaning that they
collect and deliver the shares, and guarantee payment to the seller of a security. This eliminates
the risk of an individual buyer or seller that the counterparty could default on the transaction. In
principle, the stock market accelerates economic development and growth by providing a boost
to domestic savings and increasing the quantity and the quality of investment. The stock market
encourages savings by providing individuals with an additional financial instrument. The better
savings mobilization may stimulate and increase the savings rate significantly and improve the
economy. Stock market provides an avenue for growing companies to raise capital at lower cost.
In addition, companies in countries with developed stock markets are less dependent on bank
financing, which can reduce the risk of a credit crunch and save financing cost to a great extent.
Stock market therefore positively and dynamically influences economic growth through
encouraging savings amongst the individuals and providing avenues for corporate financing.
With a liquid market, the initial investors do not lose access to their savings for the duration of
the investment project because they can easily and quickly sell their stake in the company.


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The stock market is supposed to ensure through the takeover mechanism that past investments
are also most efficiently used. Theoretically, the threat of takeover is expected to provide
management with an incentive to maximize firm value. The presumption is that, if management
does not maximize firm value, another economic agent may take control of the firm, replace
management and reap the gains from the more efficient firm. Thus, a free market in corporate
control, by providing financial discipline, is expected to provide the best guarantee of efficiency
in the use of assets. Similarly, the ability to effect changes in the management of listed
companies is expected to ensure that managerial resources are used efficiently.
Efficient stock markets may reduce the costs of information. They may do so through the
generation and dissemination of firm specific information that efficient stock prices reveal. Stock
markets are efficient if prices incorporate all available information. Reducing the costs of
acquiring information is expected to facilitate and improve the acquisition of information about
investment opportunities and thereby improves resource allocation. Stock prices determined in
exchanges and other publicly available information may help investor make better investment
decisions and thereby ensure better allocation of funds among companies and as a result a higher
rate of economic growth takes place. According to the IMF report on the stock markets in the
underdeveloped and developing countries in Africa and Asia, stock markets are getting setback
often due to the inefficiency, lack of knowledge and expertise in stock market operations. Stock
market provides capital flow in the economy thus increases investment opportunities and creates
employment opportunities, that is, it meets the top priorities of any government's strategy and
planning. Stock market of any country needs proactive supports from the government, statutory
bodies, central bank and stock trading houses. The government can support by its prudent and
efficient Fiscal Policy, the central bank can support by its monetary policy and others by taking
timely and corrective steps to improve the stock market. "Fiscal policy causes budget deficit,
which can lead to higher interest rates and the crowding out of private investment, which is
anathema to the stock market" said Professor Peter Navarro, PhD of University of California. He
further said "The fiscal and monetary policies of the government have an enormous impact on
stock prices because they affect economic growth and potential earnings."
In the perspective of Bangladesh, stock market plays a very significant role in the Bangladesh
economy like other developed and developing countries. Stock market of Bangladesh covered 33
per cent of Bangladesh's gross domestic products (GDP) in 2011, in term of derivative value of
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all listed stock stood at 50 per cent of GDP in December 2010. The coverage percentage of
Bangladesh stock market in GDP is increasingly significant and is much higher than that of
many other countries. Stock market is called a "Casio-market" by some quarters but from the
impact on the economy of any country, there is no scope and reason to justify their views. In the
21st century no country can afford to undermine and discourage stock market activities and not
to realize the importance of having strong and stable stock market. If any country does, it would
be an "economic suicidal act" killing and destroying the economy and its growth. Thus the stock
market of any country should be nourished, taken care and supported for its proliferation to
become a smart, fast-growing, politically and economically stable and culturally vibrant country.
The writer is the Group Financial Controller of a private group of industries.

4. Effect of stock market in the Economy of Bangladesh:
Understanding the role of stock market in mobilizing the resources efficiently (which causes the
higher rate of investment and ultimately promotes the economic growth of the country) has been
an unbeatable issue in modern financial theory. A viable stock market provides a more
diversified set of channels (in channeling the limited resources from surplus units to deficit units)
for financial intermediation to support growth, thus bolstering financial stability of economy.
The stock market through scanning the potential investment projects will stimulate the rate of
productive investments in economy. This implies that an economy with well- functioning stock
markets will experience a higher growth rate of productivity. The irreversible process of
financial reforms, the financial globalization, and the deregulation of the financial systems have
been throwing up daunting challenging for developing countries like Bangladesh. The very
common ways of meeting these challenges are to overcome these apprehensions, to promote
structural improvements to stock markets and to speedily move towards the development of the
countrys stock market. The growth and phenomenal change in Bangladesh stock market can be
gauged from the following discussion. The table below will give different sorts of information
regarding the stock market indicators of the country.
The significant differences can be found in the indicators between the periods before and after
the liberalization. Prior to liberalization the market showed significant increase in 1986 by
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registering a gain of 90 percent in local index. Moreover, the trading value increased by 700
percent. However, after that the market went on a falling trend. The trend continued even in the
year of liberalization (1991). It seems that the real response to liberalization measures came after
three years in 1994. In particular the trading activity increased by 2096 percent causing the
turnover ratio to increase from 1.4 to 14.3 percent. Then the market reacted extraordinary in
1996 by registering a gain of 176 percent in local index. Look at the pattern of the volume of the
market capitalization and the value of total shares traded on the stock exchange (the two
inexorable variables used by different research studies for assessing the developments of equity
markets). The following chart highlights the information regarding these two variables over the
years.


Stock Market Development of Bangladesh

Year Market
Capitalization
% of GDP
Value Traded
(million Tk.)
Value Traded
% Change
Turnover
Ratio
No. of Listed
Companies
% Change
in Index
1981 0.19 6

0.10 25 10
1986 0.91 48 700 1.1 78 90
1990 1.14 195 306 1.4 134 25.0
1 1994 3.08 4284 2096 14.3 170 115.0
2 1996 11.66 29958 600 24.2 186 175.5
6 2000 2.71 40287 39 74.4 221 31.7
5 2003 3.18 19102 (51) 23.2 247 14.0
9 2004 3.2 24980 30 32.5 250 12
2005 3.1 32675 30.80 36.76 262 21
2007 9.6 41328 26.48 42 350 33.5
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Source: Estimated from WDI(1995,2000,2004,2003)and SEC Annual Reports (1995,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006)

The above diagram clearly depicts that over the 1980-90 period, the volume of market
capitalization and total shares traded value on stock exchange in Bangladesh are exceptionally
small as there were no pillar standing in the chart during these periods. The average volume of
market capitalization during the 1980-1985 period was taka 1469 million and taka 113660
million during the 2001-2004 period. In case of average value traded, the volume increased to
taka 45121 million during the 2001-2004 period from the only taka 15 million during the 1980-
1985. It clarifies that from the early 90s the market capitalization starts rising but total shares
traded value is still insignificant. After that period both these variables have significantly showed
increasing pattern compared to the previous period. This trend represents that stock market
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underwent tremendous changes from 1991 for Bangladesh stock market. In view of the
background the major objective of the paper is to make attempt in the study to know whether the
development of stock market can influence the real economy of the country.



Figure 1: Average Market Capitalization & Traded Value



THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The linkage between stock market and economic growth has occupied a central position in the
development literature (see Samuel, 1996; Demirguc-Kunt and Levine, 1996; Akinifesi, 1987;
Levine and Zervos, 1996). The study attempts to investigate the impact of stock market
development on economic growth for Bangladesh

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Stock markets allow for more efficient financing of private and public investment projects. By
representing ownership of large-value, indivisible physical assets by easily trade able and
divisible financial assets, and making trade in them more liquid, they promote the efficient
allocation of capital. They give lenders the opportunity to diversify their investments. In these
roles, stock markets increase the quality and quantity of intermediate funds. The above diagram
demonstrates, in essence, how the stock market- in presence of market frictions (transaction cost
and information cost) performing its different functions affects the economic growth in terms of
capital accumulation and technological innovation.
Figure 2: Theoretical Framework of Stock Market Development on Economic Growth


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5.Importance of an efficient SEC in the economy:
Back in 2011 an incident took place in the history of the capital market of Bangladesh which was
caused by the inefficient and improper functional role of SEC BD. Once again this incident made
clear indication about the importance of a properly functional and efficient SEC in the economy.
Below the details about that incident is discussed elaborately.
An abrupt crash of the share market in 2011 had sparked violent protests from the investors. It
was the biggest one-day fall in the Bangladesh stock market's 55-year history. It is estimated that
over 3.5 million (35 lakh) people - many of them small-scale individual investors - had lost their
money because of the sharp plunge in share prices.
When there is more than 10 per cent loss within a few days in the market, it is called stock
market crash. Stock market crash is differentiated from the stock market correction, where the
loss is 10 per cent or less. "Stock market crash is a sharp and unexpected decline of the market
prices for a very short period of time, usually accompanied by the decline of many other assets'
prices." It causes significant capital losses to investors and speculators. The market participants
become panicked which leads to more losses.
The 2010-12 Bangladesh share market scam is part of the ongoing share market turmoil in the
two stock exchanges - the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and the Chittagong Stock Exchange
(CSE). The crash is deemed to be a scam aggravated by government failure. The stock market
was in turbulence throughout much of 2009, with the long bullish trend starting to turn grim.
This was the biggest fall since the dark days of 1996, when the market saw a sudden rise and fall
in a short spell of time.
The market turmoil began this time with the entrance of GrameenPhone into the capital market,
when the index rose by 22 per cent in a single day on November 16, 2009. Share prices
continued to fluctuate, reaching the annual high in mid-2009 before plummeting by the end of
2009, with retail investors threatening a hunger strike. The market continued to be turbulent
throughout 2010, with the DSE hitting its all-time high revenue and the largest fall in a single
day since the 1996 market crash, within the space of a month.
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DSE General Index soared to its highest levels from October to December 2010, with the peak
on December 5, 2010 at 8,918 points. DSE's index on January 3, 2010, was at 4568.40 and went
up at a staggering 4,350 points - a 95.23 per cent increase! On January 10, 2011, trading on the
DSE was halted after it fell by 660 points, or 9.25 per cent, in less than an hour - the biggest one-
day fall in the 55 years of the bourse. CSE also met the same fate.
An abrupt crash of the market sparked violent protest from the investors. Share prices started to
fall from January 03, 2011 as investors had the information of on-going liquidity crisis in
financial and non-financial institutions. The down slope of index was noticeable from January 02
to 10, 2011, as chairman of the probe committee Khondkar Ibrahim Khaled, chairman of the
probe committee on share market scam, mentioned, "Due to trigger sale of shares from 2nd to
5th January 2011, the market experienced its biggest decline in share prices and market crash
from 6th to 10th January 2011. On 9th January 2011, DSE General Index declined by 600 points
and all indices declined nearly 7.75 per cent. On 10th January 2011, Dhaka Stock Exchange
General Index lost 660 points or 9 per cent and Chittagong Stock Exchange Selective Index
declined by 914 points or 6.8 per cent within 50 minutes of trading. It is estimated that three
million people --- many of them small individual investors, have lost money because of the
plunging share prices. The benchmark Index climbed 80 per cent in 2010, but had lost more than
27 per cent since early December 2010."
Stock market crash in 1996: The number of BO account holders in 1996 was only 300,000
and most of them were new in the market. During the crash of 1996, paper shares used to be sold
in front of DSE, and it was not easy for investors to detect the fake shares from the genuine ones.
There was no automated trading system, surveillance was not strong enough, and there were no
circuit breakers as well as international protection. From 1991 to the end of 1995, DGEN (DSE
General Index) price index gained by 139.3 per cent and reached 834 point. But in 1996, the
market experienced a dramatic change and pushed the price index up by 337 per cent. DGEN
Index recorded a high growth from July and stood at 3648.7 points or 280.5 per cent on 5th
November 1996. Besides, Chittagong Stock Exchange experienced the same change and grew by
258 per cent. Chittagong Stock Exchange index increased from 409 to 1157 points in 1996
within a one year's time. But the steps taken by the government did not work. The index lost over
233 points on November 6, 1996. After the bubble burst, DGEN index dropped to its lowest
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point and stood at 957 in April 1997. It stood at around the same point, where it was 10 months
before and DSE General Price Index lost almost 70 per cent from its highest point in November
1996. Then the index continued to decrease for the next 7 years until April 2004. During this
long period, DGEN Index seldom crossed 1000 point.
Reasons behind share market crash: Different analysts found different factors affecting
the stock market crash of 1996 through 2011. The reasons of the crashes pointed out by market
analysts, economists and different organizations are summarized below.
Margin calls: When investors pay a part of the future market contracting in cash or selected
instruments in an account with a broker is called Margin. To make sure the obligations of the
investor when the contract expires, more margins are necessary if value of the contract decreases.
The process is called 'margin call'. On the 'Black Monday', price movement of future contracts
created record amount of margin calls for firms which were about 10 times the average size.
Collected payments are paid to the investors, whose position had gained. Some investors lost
their ability to enter new positions due to margin calls and some needing extension of credit to
make the payment. As investors were unable to pay margins, brokers placed emergency margin
calls with exposed option positions, which were assumed to be liquidated due to failure of
meeting margin calls. On the other hand, maximum big investors quit their investment selling
their shares. As a result, small investors panicked and they were selling their shares in spite the
losses. It occurred repeatedly which possibly prompted selling pressure in the market and the
markets were not able to handle these sale orders.
By the end of 2010, it was well known that the capital markets of Bangladesh was overvalued
and overheated.
The central bank had taken measures to cool the market down and control inflation by putting a
leash on the liquidity. The conservative monetary measures adversely affected the capital market,
with the market falling once on December 13, 2010 by 285 points, over 3.0 per cent of the
DGEN Index, which stood at around 8,500 points. The capital markets suffered a second fall on
December 19, 2010 with the index falling a further 551 points, or about 7.0 per cent. This 7.0 per
cent fall in the Dhaka Stock Exchange's index on a single day was the largest fall in the 55-year
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history of the Exchange, surpassing the fall of the 1996 market crash. This fall was deemed
'normal' by analysts, who believed that the market was overvalued.
Investors took to the streets in protest. Immediate measures were taken by the regulatory body,
Securities and Exchange Commission and Bangladesh Bank, which relaxed its conservative
measures, to pacify the fall. Within December 2010 and January 2011, the DGEN index fell from
8,500 by 1,800 points, a total 21 per cent fall. The masterminds of the crash are estimated to have
made about Tk 50 billion (TK 5,000 crore) out of the scam. The market fell by 5.0 per cent on
June 12, 2011 before taking a 4 per cent plunge on October 11, 2011, sending the market into
further turmoil.
The fall finally triggered the small investors to form the Bangladesh Capital Market Investors'
Council and go on a fast-unto-death on October 16, 2011. The market stood at around 5,500
index points on October 2011 from 8,900 only a year ago.
Investigation committee finds massive manipulation in share market: A high-powered committee
investigating the stock market debacle, headed by Khondkar Ibrahim Khaled, found heavy
manipulation in the stock market and has blamed the market regulator for failing to oversee the
situation. The committee made a series of recommendations for a major overhaul of the
regulatory SEC, including the replacement of its current chairman. "All the institutions that have
anything to do with the stock market were responsible for the debacle," former central banker
Khondkar Ibrahim Khaled, a former central banker, told newsmen after submitting the report to
Finance Minister AMA Muhith.
Some suggestions for market improvement: Sponsor-directors' mandatory holding of 2.0 per
cent shares individually and together 30 per cent shares and book building method in IPO have
been developed. Adoption of software and surveillance team to monitor overall trading activities,
trustworthy IPO approval process, and actual book building process should be introduced with
offloading government shares. Margin loan decision should be taken by broker houses and
merchant banks, not SEC. Insider trading should be strictly prohibited. Tools for regulators
should be suggested that prevent this kind of crashes in future. Regulators should perform their
job honestly and sincerely and SEC needs honest officials. Insider trading should be prohibited,
omnibus accounts should be converted into BO accounts.
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The government should announce incentives through SEC to attract companies to the capital
market. The government should also take long-term actions for the market. Actions should be
taken against those who were involved in the recent stock market crash. Improvement in security
laws and penalty for breaking those, balancing of demand and supply of shares, and protection
against any kind of manipulation should be ensured.



6.Conclusion:
In above discussion we tried to portray the effect of capital market in the economy, their
mechanism and every details that is relevant. Although, our project was based on the role of SEC
in the economy of Bangladesh, these discussions are important and relevant in sense that the
SEC has no direct effect on the economy of Bangladesh but an indirect and very important role
as it controls, regulates the capital market of Bangladesh. So, without functioning the SEC
properly will result in collapse of whole capital market following a downturn in the economy
which may lead us to a recession.

7.References:
1. http://www.secbd.org
2. http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=120722&date=2012-02-20
3. http://www.thefinancialexpress-
bd.com/index.php?ref=MjBfMTBfMTZfMTJfMV85Ml8xNDcwMzM=
4. http://www.thedailystar.net/forum/2011/june/thecase.htm
5. http://www.dsebd.org/
6. http://www.cse.com.bd/
7. The Global Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol. 8, No. 1, (2011) : 49-60
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