Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COURSE : BBA/T/606
J D BIRLA INSTITUTE
at the
JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY
at
KOLKATA
Declarations
DECLARATIONS
(1) That the material contained in this dissertation is the end result of my own
work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and
all references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal.
(3) That unless this dissertation has been confirmed as confidential, I agree to
an electronic copy or sections of the dissertation to be placed on the e-
Learning Portal, if deemed appropriate, to allow future students the
opportunity to see examples of past dissertations. I understand that if
displayed on the e-Learning Portal it would be made available for no longer
than five years and that students would be able to print off copies or
download. The authorship would remain anonymous.
In the event of the service detecting a high degree of similarity between content
within the service this will be reported back to my supervisor and second
marker, who may decide to undertake further investigation that may ultimately
lead to disciplinary actions, should instances of plagiarism be detected.
I declare that ethical issues have been considered, evaluated and appropriately
addressed in this research.
Researcher’s Statement:
This project has been prepared on green marketing. The project is a part of
my curriculum of 6th semester. It has been a great source of learning, along
with a good experience and training session with the organization.
Position/Title: ____MANAGER_______________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am also grateful to Mrs. Dipa Mitra, the Faculty Coordinator of my project, for
providing encouragement and for the valuable interactions I have had with her.
Her valuable and appropriate inputs helped me to complete my paper successfully.
I am also thankful to Mr. Maheshwar Raut of Bicco Agro Products Pvt. Ltd. for his
continuous support and cooperation.
Finally, I would like to thank our Learning Resource Centre Coordinators. Their
support and coordination in providing study material has helped tremendously to
make the project informative and comprehensive.
ABSTRACT
The topic for the internship project is green marketing and the organizational
objectives. This project was undertaken from the organization Bicco Agro
Products Pvt. Ltd. The firm is engaged in the production, trading and exporting
of bio-chemicals, bio-fertilizers and pesticides. The term at the organization will
start from 14th of May and ends on 4th of July.
This project will help in gaining insights into the various alternatives available that
can be put to use in manufacturing pesticides, chemicals and fertilizers. India is an
agricultural based economy. Thus use of pesticides and fertilizers is very
essential. Thus biotechnology will take care of the agriculture sector as well as the
environment.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
Acknowledgements
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Methodology
6
3.1 Introduction to Research Methodology
13
5. Results
14
5.1 Findings
14
15
15
15
15
15
5.3 Recommendations
16
6. Conclusion
17
7. Executive Summary
19
Annexure
Bibliography
1. INTRODUCTION
BICCO AGRO PRODUCTS PVT. LTD. is a pioneer in India in the development and
production of unique biological inputs for enhancing sustainable productivity of
agricultural, plantation, horticultural crops, and for human welfare. Bicco
emphasizes the utilization of plant derived natural products as core materials in
the development of plant nutrients, plant growth hormones, herbal inputs and
beverage product like tea of their importance in human health.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller in Marketing Management has initiated the
topic by discussing about the relevance of green marketing in the past few
decades and has also discussed the explosion of environmentally friendly products.
However, according to the author from the branding perspective green marketing
programs have not been very successful. Marketers tried and failed with green
sales pitches over the last decade because of certain obstacles which the
movement encountered. The consumer behaviour is such that most consumers
appear unwillingly to give up the benefits of other alternatives to choose green
products. [3]
Along with definitions from different sources, the authors Debraj Dutta and
Mahua Dutta, of Marketing Management, have given an explanation of what is
green marketing. According to the authors green marketing incorporates a broad
range of activities including the modification of product, production process and
packaging. The authors have also discussed a few literature sources that have
focused on green marketing and its relevance in today’s era. It was evident that
the possible reasons because of which organizations engage in green marketing. [4]
The American Wind Energy Association has associated green marketing with wind
energy. Green marketing can improve the environmental profile of the U.S.
electricity supply if marketers sell a power product that includes a substantial
fraction of wind, geothermal, biomass (including landfill gas) and/or solar
resources. The generation of power from these renewable resource technologies
produces few or no air emissions, no carbon. They will be most vulnerable in
competitive markets and can most benefit from consumer support. While "green"
is difficult to define, and arguments can be made that natural gas and large
hydropower are less environmentally harmful than coal, oil, and nuclear power,
green-customer demand is unlikely to exceed the supply of large, existing
quantities of gas and hydro resources. [12]
Anja Schaefer from the The Open University (BBC) has mentioned that green
marketing is there in a sizeable market segment of green consumers who are
willing to pay a little more for environmentally friendly products from
environmentally friendly companies. Producers and retailers will react to this green
demand and environmentally friendly practices will be pushed through the supply
chain. Green marketing dates back several decades now, with specialist
manufacturers and retailers such as Ben and Jerry’s, the Body Shop and so forth,
leading the way. [13]
Green Marketing and Social Networks have discussed the problems related to
the idea of greening the world through marketing. The article has discussed that
organizations are not running charities and their main objective should be to align
their own objectives with that of the protection of the environment. And if it is
really delivered the environmental goods will deliver positive results for the
organization. The programme already lists quite a few problems with the various
environmental targets and actions described by retailers. [14]
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. One can also
define research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on
a specific topic. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down
the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry especially through
search for new facts in any branch of knowledge”. According to Clifford Woody
research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or
suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions
and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine
whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
Primary and secondary data so collected will be analyzed with the help of various
statistical tools. These tools will be of two basic forms: tabular and graphical
presentation. Under the graphical presentation, tools such as pie-charts,
histograms, line graphs, bar diagrams etc. will prove to be handy.
With the help of the primary and secondary data so collected, along with the
various statistical tools, an analysis will be performed. A conclusion will be drawn
based on this analysis. These tools will thus provide a water tight conclusion for
the case so framed.
The data that has been collected is mainly of two types: Primary and Secondary.
This data was classified, compiled and analyzed to reach a definite conclusion. The
data has been presented in the form of tables and figures in the annexure along
with a theoretical explanation. Primary data has been presented in Annexure1 and
secondary data in Annexure2.
The primary data has been mainly assimilated from the questionnaires for the
purpose of reaching a consensus about the case. The questions have been framed
with the primary motive of leading to the case. The entire questionnaire can be
divided into three basic parts:
The options so framed helped in capturing a broad and self sufficient view of all
the individuals. The main motive was to collect the data in an unbiased fashion,
analyze the data so collected and draw a conclusion.
The secondary data was gathered from the company documents, books, internet
sites, articles and journals on green marketing. Any new information that was a
source of good learning was given prime importance.
The sample space of the primary data was 85. This facilitated the process of
obtaining answers from a variety of individuals, who provided a wide range of
answers. Thus the questionnaires provided an unbiased variety of answers which in
turn helped in reaching a definite conclusion.
RIMARY DATA
Annexure1: table 5.1(a) & 5.1(b) and figure 5.1(a) & 5.1(b)
Green marketing is a relatively new concept. Hence the age group which was
targeted started from 18 years to 50 years and above. The questionnaire provides
a widespread outlook, as the percentage of people questioned was almost equally
distributed among all the age groups. Majority of respondents belonged to the age
group of 18 to 25 years with 26% (Fig 5.1(a)).
Green marketing, as it is known, is a new ‘term’ that has been incorporated in the
various fields of management. This was very evident from the data collected.
Nearly 45% that is 40 out of 85 individuals were unaware of the term ‘green
marketing’. In order to overcome this problem the next question comprised of the
definition of green marketing.
This question explained the concept of green marketing in layman’s language. Such
a question was incorporated; to obtain answers for the subsequent ‘green
marketing’ related questions.
The figure clearly shows that nearly 89% of the total numbers of individuals were
aware of the concept of green marketing. The respondents could provide insights
into the topic as well. This data explicitly showed that although people are not
aware of the term ‘green marketing’ but they do possess knowledge about the
concept, methods and activities involved in green marketing. Thus only 11% of the
total sample space had little knowledge about green marketing.
Time, cost and complex procedures could be the three broad hindrances that
prevent an organization from adopting green marketing. Time factor is associated
with the long gestation period which green marketing might take, to deliver
positive results. Allocating a separate fund for environment friendly activities can
also prevent the organization from adopting the same. Last but not the least
complex and long drawn procedures could also be a source of problem.
According to the data so collected, majority people i.e. 40 out of 85 (Fig 5.4 (a))
opted for complex procedures as a hindrance, with 35% opting for cost factor and
remaining 18% opting for time factor (Fig 5.4(b)). This clearly shows that the long
gestation period is not the biggest hindrance for the organization, willing to adopt
green marketing.
This question aimed at obtaining an answer that whether green marketing can
generate profits for the firm. Correct implementation of green marketing involves
high costs and expenditures by the organization. Hence this question was
incorporated to reach a consensus of sorts; that whether at all green marketing is
a lucrative option for the firm, apart from benefiting the environment.
Nearly 68% of the total sample space gave a positive answer and stated that green
marketing, if implemented in the proper fashion, can financially benefit the
organization in the long run. However 32% of the individuals believed that green
marketing involves high costs and will not generate profits in the long run.
After having considered the cost factor, it was now important to consider time
factor. The main purpose of this question was to know that whether green
marketing can deliver positive results in the short run or in the long run. The two
broad options were less than 6 years or more than 6 years. 64% of the total
sample space (54 out of 85) believed that green marketing can benefit the
organization in the short run (less than 6 years). However 36% opted for more
than 6 years.
Bicco Agro Products Pvt. Ltd., along with using biotechnology to implement
green marketing, manufactures pesticides and fertilizers that are essential
for the agriculture sector. Thus along with biotechnology, the neem based
products, will take care of the agriculture sector as well as the environment.
The poor performance of the agriculture sector was further validated by the data
collected. Nearly 78% of the total number of individuals questioned believed that
the agriculture sector is lagging behind to a great extent. However 13% did not
have a clear picture about the agriculture scenario and 9% believed that the
agriculture sector has been performing up to the mark.
The various sources of threat to the environment could be the wastes from
manufacturing units, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, carbon emissions,
improper disposal etc. Nearly half the number of individuals opted for improper
disposal as the most serious threat to the environment with 23 opting for
manufacturing units and 17 for automobiles and vehicles.
This was a question that aimed at drawing a parallel line between green marketing
and environment protection. 55 people said that green marketing can facilitate the
process of environment protection. However 7 were against the notion and 23
people were of a mixed opinion.
This was a qualitative question with a variety of view points. All individuals were
asked for measures that can be undertaken to protect the environment today as
well as tomorrow. Majority of individuals suggested that a proper waste disposal
technique can prove to be very beneficial. Along with that a check on the carbon
emissions, generation of pollution etc. were other significant suggestions. Some
respondents also suggested recycling and reuse of waste material as a possible
solution. Last but not the least proper legal framework could be set up by the
government authorities that can act as a watchdog for the purpose of environment
protection.
AN ALL ENCOMPASSING VIEW ABOUT THE FUTURE OF GREEN
MARKETING
The most important question of the questionnaire aimed at obtaining a poll about
the benefits of green marketing in the long run, to the organization, economy and
the environment. This question focused on the outcome of adopting green
marketing. Majority of individuals (72%) were of the opinion that green marketing
will deliver positive results for the organization, the economy and the environment.
However 18% believed that green marketing can benefit only the organization.
SECONDARY DATA
The main source of secondary data was the company documents. The figure clearly
shows the expenditure on Research and development and the testing charges. R&D
has shown a consistent trend with highest in the year of 2005 (Fig 5.12(a));
however there have been fluctuations in the testing charges and was nil in the
year of 2005 (Fig 5.12(b). The company incurred R&D in the field of biotechnology
and on neem based herbal plants. The testing charges were however incurred only
on biotechnology.
This figure shows the variety of reasons why individuals do not incorporate the
necessary steps in their daily lives, to protect the environment. In other words
the pie chart mainly represents the issues that prevent individuals and
organizations to go ‘green’. Research shows that lack of convenience, lack of time,
lack of knowledge, lack of interest are some of the reasons due to which
individuals do not adopting green marketing strategies.
The table shows the percentages for different view points, about the company’s
strategies of displaying messages regarding their products and services being
environment friendly. Consumers today are much more concerned about climate
change than they were even one year ago. Moreover, they are expecting their
favorite brands not only to share their concern but to take action (or enable their
consumers) to mitigate it. The statements are all encompassing and self
explanatory.
4. CASE
Green marketing helps in understanding the ways and means by way of which,
activities can be performed by focusing on the environment as well as the needs of
the consumers and the organization.
5.1 FINDINGS
The term green marketing has gained importance in the recent past. However the
concept of indulging in environment friendly activities has been quite old. Before
adopting green marketing, organizations have to take into consideration a lot of
factors such as time, cost, complex procedures and others. Correct
implementation of green marketing can result in financially benefiting the
organization. Thus a break even can be reached between the cost of
implementation and the profits thus generated. This breakeven, however can be
established in the short run of less than seven years.
The organization is well structured and each area of work is clearly divided. I was
a part of the Research and Development department. The working environment was
formal. The organization is well equipped and provides an atmosphere conducive for
work.
The company provided with all the necessary support required to help in successful
completion of the project. The project was carefully scrutinized and approved at
every stage with complete guidance from the more experienced.
The organization provided with the necessary support as a result of which it was
not required to develop strategies to cope as an individual. But a sense of patience
during the course of this project was essential.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
The environment consciousness is the key to the success of the Bicco Group
backed by its strong Research and Development Unit. After having analyzed the
primary and secondary data, the following recommendations can be made to the
organization:
The organization may try and create more awareness about the
benefits of herbal and neem based products as compared to the harmful
chemicals that are used for the same purpose.
Last but not the least the organization can also spread its operations
outside the nation where awareness about green marketing and
biotechnology is much more as compared to India.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The term green marketing has gained importance in the recent past. However
the concept of indulging in environment friendly activities has been quite old.
Before adopting green marketing, organizations have to take into consideration a
lot of factors such as time, cost, complex procedures and others.
The project has been completed with reference to primary and secondary data.
Green marketing is a term that has gained importance in India very recently.
However it was used in other nations as well. Thus impact of green marketing and
the procedures followed by other nations have not been covered in this project.
In case, more time had been allotted, efforts taken by the governments of
different nations could have been discussed. Such as the Kyoto Protocol, global
warming etc.
7. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The topic for my internship project is green marketing and the organizational
objectives. This project was undertaken from the organization Bicco Agro
Products Pvt. Ltd. The firm is engaged in the production, trading and exporting of
bio-chemicals, bio-fertilizers and pesticides. Green or Environmental Marketing
consists of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges
intended to satisfy human needs, such that satisfaction of these needs and
wants occur, with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment.
The organization may try and create more awareness about the benefits of herbal
and neem based products as compared to the harmful chemicals that are used for
the same purpose. Biotechnology is a relatively new field with very few
organizations indulging in the same. Thus the firm should organize and strategize
all its activities keeping in mind the newness of biotechnology and the benefits it
is capable of offering.