CIVILIZATION CHRISTIAN ABELLA Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 SECTION 1 The dark and shadowy forest looks mys- terious while inhabiting many sly crea- tures that survive in the woodland. Ani- mals such as squirrels, deer, foxes, wolves, and even bears might populate this forest. Monstrous trees tower over the forest oor preventing animals from the outside world like a shield protect- Trees hang over the cleared out are of the forest. Introduction 1 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 ing its carrier. The murky green trees are like long sleek buildings in the set- ting of a busy metropolis. The trees would shelter any organism in a situa- tion of survival. In the distance stands a small hill that is covered in sturdy dirt. This hill borders the cleared out area in the forest. The shrubs inside the forest give animals that live here like rabbits or deer places to hide from predators. The life cycle of the forest creatures re- lies on the protection of the trees. The dark brown ground is not the best for planting crops but would be a good hard ground to build on. It is in this favorable geographic envi- ronment that the civilization of Christi- kan will be founded. It is a civilization whose design takes its inspiration from the study of past civilizations such as the Arabs, the Aztecs, the Greeks, the Mayans, the Mesopotamians, and the Ro- mans, among others. This book will docu- ment the necessary steps to take in or- der to create a successful civilization. 2 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 Humans are children of their environments. - Sinichi Suzuki CHAPTER 1 3 Modifications Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 SECTION 1 Part I Analysis of the Problem The rst step in building a successful civilization is to secure basic human needs such as food and water. Due to its geography, the major chal- lenges the civilization of Christikan faces in achieving a basic food and water supply include the following: Human Changes to the Land 4 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 1. Planting crops would be punishing because of the hard and not fertile soil. You would need to nd crops that would survive in the condi- tions in this environment. And also because of the lack of space there would be no places to grow crops and food would be scarce. Without crops or food the civilization would perish in the matter of years. The dense forests are an ex- tremely hard place to start a civilization be- cause of the lack of space to grow crops and hunt. Because of the giant forests it would be hard to spot and know where animals are be- cause there are many places where they can hide so it would be hard to hunt. It would also be rigorous to chase and shoot in the dense for- ests because the animals would know how to get around the forests. 2. Obtaining water in the forests would be an- other great challenge. Because of the over- grown forests and the hard ground it would be challenging to obtain water in the environment. Water is a crucial part in starting a civilization because without a sustainable source of water the civilization will perish. A civilization needs to have a permanent source of water but because of the conditions it would be hard to nd a per- manent source of water. A negative affect of not having water is the civilization would dehydrate and fall apart. 5 People using the slash and burn technique to clear out land http://virtual.vtt./virtual/space/realert/images/ heinavesi.jpeg. Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 Part II - Proposed Solutions For a civilization to survive and eventually thrive you need to adapt yourself and modify the environment to stay alive. An adaptation is when humans change themselves in order to survive. An environmental modication is when humans change their envi- ronment to suite their needs. Because the people of Christikan live in a forest environment there would be a problem of unfruitful soil. To solve the problem of the poor soil the people would build aqueducts to keep a ow of water through the soil because the Arabs, ...hollowed out trunks for irrigation pipes... (Frey 78). An- other solution would be to nd crops that dont need an abundant of water. Also because of the dense forests it would be hard to plant crops so we would use the slash and burn technique be- cause when the Mayans In city-states like Palen- que (in present-day Mexico), the Maya used slash and burn agriculture (Frey 268). With the slash and burn technique it will not only clear land but would make the ground more fertile. With the forest burning the people could use the ashes from the re to use as fertilizer. But on another note the res could get out of con- trol and burn down the whole forest. To solve the problem of the small abundance of water is to build irrigation systems such as dams, wells, and aqueducts to 6 Aqueducts that are being used to transport water. http://someinterestingfacts.net/wp-content/upload s/2013/01/Roman-Aqueducts.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 hydrate the civilization like when the Arabs Peo- ple built deep wells, dams and systems to irri- gate the land (Frey 79). The irrigation systems would x the problem by transferring water to the civilization without the people needing to go back and forth from the water source. 7 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 THE PEOPLES GOOD IS THE HIGHEST LAW. -Cicero CHAPTER 2 8 Law & Government Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 SECTION 1 Lesson #1: Equal Rights An important lesson that should be learned about the government of the past is to give the people even rights. People should all have equal rights because people might rebel for political Maintaining Civil Order 9 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 power and rights. Such as when the plebeians in Rome rebelled against the patricians for more rights, as stated by Frey, The plebeians had to ght for what they wanted. They began to de- mand more political rights, (Frey 319). To prevent that happening everyone from the counsel or the government should listen to all of the con- cerns of the people such as the lower class and the higher class. Some ways of how to give even rights to all the people is to let the people of the civilization to all have a say on the laws and choices that would change the civilization. Like when the Roman Republic gave the option of a veto, the civilization would have something simi- lar. This will help to even out the population be- cause it will give the population a chance to be listened to and have there needs recognized by the government, so a chance of a rebellion will minimize in the civilization. This shows that the civilization of Christikan will use lessons from the past to keep even rights to the people. Lesson #2: Age Requirements for Government To determine the age group of the people who could vote they have to be the proper age. In past civilization such as Athens that let their 10 US Capitol Building http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/highsm/04400/04492r.jp g Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 civilization have people vote that were at a very young age, as stated by Frey, All men over the age of 18 who were born in Athens were Athe- nian Citizens, (Frey 261). And in Athens being a citizen meant that citizens could vote. IN Christi- kan the civilization would think that is too young because they would not be as experi- enced to determine laws for the population. In the civilization of Christikan the government would have people the age of 25 to 30 to be able to vote because they would have life experi- ence in problems and past laws and they would be fresh out of being educated to make the right decisions. If the council were 60 years old the council would have a lot of life experience but would be hard for them to pass new prob- lems. And they would not have any recent educa- tion. This shows that the general age of 25 to 30 years old is a good age for being in the gov- ernment. Lesson #3: Size of Government For creating laws Christikan would have the type of council like Athens with the amount of people in their government but not have too lit- 11 Governmental Building in Christikan Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 tle like Sparta. For the council of Christikan the council would have about 500 people to deter- mine laws. Christikan would choose the bigger number of people because it would have a vari- ety of opinions and people from the civilization, Christikan. A smaller number of people for the government like Sparta with a council of 28, as stated by Frey, The Council of Elders consisted of two kings and 28 other men, (Frey 265), would be worse because there would not be peo- ple from throughout the civilization to come up with laws. And with the more people more laws the people of the civilization would make more laws. In the 500 lawmakers in the civilization the government would include women to the council or government. In the past civilizations like Sparta, women were not considered citizens so they could not participate in the government. This shows that 500 people is a good number of people to have more variety. 12 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 Code of Laws In the civilization of Christikan there would be many problems and threats that the civilization would have such as theft, safety, and selling/ trading. Theft is a problem in this civilization be- cause crops are very abundant in the environ- ment, people might steal crops from others. And metals are very rare to have in the forest envi- ronment so people would steal that as well. Safety is a big problem because trees could fall on people and wild life is a big threat for safety. Selling a trading are both big problems because sellers can take advantage of someones age or ability to sell something for more it is worth. If laws are made the problems would go down in frequency and more people would stop creating problems. The people of the civilization would 13 Piazza del Campidoglio http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi80f2.jpg Court Houses in Christikan Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 learn from past laws such as the Hammurabis Code and the Twelve Tables. Laws in the Hammu- rabis Code like, If any one is committing a rob- bery and is caught, then he shall be put to death, inuenced the laws made for Christikan. It is written that all people shall follow these laws: I. If a person were caught stealing crops he would have to give them something of more value back and would be held in jail. II. If one were caught causing major harm of killing someone he or her would be killed. III. If a person steals something of importance from another person he will have to pay 300 and has to give the item back. IV. A family can only have 17 buckets of water per week or the family will have to only take 5 buckets for the following 2 weeks. V. If a person doesnt show up at court he will be taken there by force VI. One shall not to be on someone elses prop- erty without permission by the owner or he will be held in prison for 10 years VII. If one cuts down a tree onto someones property he will have to the persons permission. 14 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 VIII. If a shopkeeper sells something for more of its worth that shopkeeper will have to pay a 600 fee and will go to jail for at most a year. The threats of the civilization are going to be dealt with by the government creating laws. Some laws like, If a person were caught steal- ing crops he would have to give them something of more value back and would be held in jail, and, If a person steals something of importance from another person he will have to pay 300 and has to give the item back, will solve the problem of theft by stopping people stealing crops and other things from other people. To solve the problem of safety laws such as, If one cuts down a tree onto someones property he will have to the persons permission, will prevent trees falling on somebody on accident. For the problem of people selling and trading the law that states, If a shopkeeper sells something for more of its worth that shopkeeper will have to pay a 600 fee and will go to jail for at most a year, will prevent scamming to others. Political Leadership An important lesson that one should take away from Julius Caesars government is to prevent re- bellions against the leadership in the civilization. Julius Caesar was a political leader in Rome. He got his power by defeating a rebellion in Rome. During Julius Caesars governmental power, Cae- sar made laws for Rome that would solve many problems. A big chunk of the laws were about preventing unemployment to prevent mobs. The law that he was famous for was, He halted the extensive use of slavery in rural areas and pro- vided jobs for poor people by passing a measure requiring that a third of the ranch laborers be Roman citizens, (Political Leadership of Julius Caesar). He would create jobs by limiting the amount of slaves so the unemployed would nd more jobs. This would solve the problem of Ro- 15 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 man farmers and laborers being unemployed as a result of growing slave numbers because it would put down the amount of slaves that were taking all of the jobs so that people can take the jobs of the slaves, and so they would not create mobs that would turn into armies lead by ambitious leaders such as Pompey. The civiliza- tion of Christikan should learn from Julius Cae- sar because this strategy would prevent lots of civil wars inside of the civilization because of loss of jobs and unemployment. He also made laws that would limit the amount of taxes in Rome. In Christikan the government will have the same idea in that taxes will not be as high as other civilizations so that the poor dont start rebellions because of how high the taxes are. He became popular to not just Romans when he declared that people from conquered places like Sicily, Spain, and Gaul could become Roman citi- zens. In the civilization of Christikan the govern- ment as well will not be strict about who could be a citizen and who cannot be a citizen. This shows that the ideas of Julius Caesar could be used once more in the civilization of Christikan to help this civilization. The political leaders of Christikan will learn from the mistakes and accomplishments of Julius Caesar and Augustus.When Julius Caesar was a leader in Rome he acted like too much of a king instead of contributing to the Roman republic by 16 The United States Capitol Building. http://farm3.staticickr.com/2829/9150131616_259cd4b70 4_z.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 stamping his name on coins and putting statues of him throughout the civilization. He also was too independent in his reign so people would think that his power would turn Rome into a monarchy, as stated by Frey, He had his name stamped on coins, had his statue put in the tem- ple and wore royal purple. He took power from the Senate and made the magistrates his ap- pointees, (Political Leadership of Julius Caesar). Him doing this made the senate of Rome think he was going to take down the republic, and that is one of the reasons he died. In the civili- zation of Christikan the political leaders will not be allowed to act like a god by taking over the democracy-like government that Christikan will have. Such as when Julius Caesar started mak- ing rules on his own and excluding the republic government. Augustus, Julius Caesars grand- nephew and adopted son, did not act like a god when he ruled Rome. Instead of acting like a king, he labeled himself as a First Citizen. Also he would use the Senate to create laws more than Julius Caesar did. To make the civilization more safe, Augustus established a police station and a re department in Rome. And he repaired the citys aqueducts to repair the water supply for the civilization. He also made Romes rst Li- brary. The governmental leaders of Christikan will learn from Augustus by creating police de- partments and re station to improve safety. They will also establish building such as a li- brary to keep the civilization happy and edu- cated. This shows that the political leaders of Christikan will use political strategies that the past leaders such as Augustus and Julius Caesar used on their civilizations. 17 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 Decline of the Western Roman Empire The reasons of the fall of the Western Rome Em- pire were the decline of morals and values and unemployment. The morals and values of the Ro- man Empire caused the decline of Rome because the entertainment that Rome was providing was too violent for people. At gladiator ghts in the coliseum, the gladiators would ght and kill each other in front of the people of the civilization. Because of this, the citizens would get more vio- lent. With the people very violent people would be more ruthless in public such as at gladiator ghts. As stated by the Decline of the Western Roman Empire, As the gladiators fought, vicious cries and curses were heard from the audience. This shows that over time, the people got more violent and would take it out at the gladiator contests as well as in other things. Emperors such as Nero and Caligula would establish par- ties and would have people drink until they were ill. This would lead to an unsuccessful civili- zation because people, would over time, would think that this would be tolerable to do and eventually would destroy the civilization. A farmer who had to pay workers could not pro- duce goods as cheaply as the rich farm owners. Because of this they could not sell much prod- 18 http://santitafarella.les.wor dpress.com/2008/08/coloss The Ancient Roman Colosseum Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 ucts and could not compete with the low prices so they had to sell their land or they lost their land. This created unemployed people that were stuck on the streets of Rome. Because of this pandemic people would not have much choice but have to go to crime. Also, because of unem- ployment, the people could not pay taxes, so Rome would not get much money to spend on military to defend the civilization and vital things in the civilization, such as aqueducts and housing. In conclusion, the decline of morals and values and unemployment are the problems that caused the fall of Western Rome. The people of Christikan will use many strate- gies in order to prevent the problems in Rome from happening in the civilization. One strategy that would help to resolve the problem of unem- ployment is to create jobs for homeless or unem- ployed people, such as governmental jobs, build- ing workers, and even being soldiers for the army. Another strategy is to get rid of slavery in the civilization so the wealthy would have to pay for workers so the poor farmers would be likely to compete with the wealthy. This would prevent unemployment by having everyone to have a job to keep a living so they could pay for housing and taxes for the government and so they could feed themselves. At one time, the Roman emperor was importing grain to feed more than 100,000 people in Rome alone, (De- cline of Western Roman Empire). This shows that the unemployment made the government import grain for them without paying. To resolve the de- cline in morals and values for Christikan, the peo- ple would have entertainment that would not in- uence violence like the gladiator ghts in an- cient Rome. This would make that the people would not be more violent in the civilization. Be- cause of these strategies, such as creating more jobs and having better entertainment, the people of Christikan will use them to prevent the prob- lems in ancient Rome from happening. 19 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 As a [person] believes, so will the person act. -Sam Harris CHAPTER 3 20 Belief Systems Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 SECTION 1 A belief system is important for a successful civilization because it will guide the people to make the right decisions and actions. The civilization of Christikan will be known for being the people who are strong, brave and will never give up but will be peaceful and helpful to others. A belief system is an important factor for a civi- lization and determines if a civilization is going to be successful. Many civilizations have a belief Figure 3.1 Lorem Ipsum dolor amet, consectetur Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse potenti. Etiam felis nisl, cursus bibendum tempus nec. Aliquam at turpis tellus. Id malesuada lectus. Suspendisse est lorem ipsum potenti. Impact of Belief Systems 21 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 system, if it is, Hinduism, Buddhism, Catholi- cism, Confucianism, and etcetera. Out of all of these religions and beliefs, they create rules and reasons that guide their life decisions. Hindu- ism believes in dharma and karma. Dharma is that people have to do there duty for what they are supposed to do, and karma is that because of the decisions that people make in there life affects there next life. These beliefs have im- pacted many people and made those peoples lives successful. This shows how beliefs are a key role in a civilization. A belief system is impor- tant for a successful civilization because it will guide the people to make the right decisions and actions. To better understand the role of belief systems within a cyclization and how they can inuence the actions and decisions of a people, consider the following moral dilemma: Judy is a twelve- year-old girl. Her mother promised her that she could go to a special rock concert coming to their town if she saved up her baby-sitting 22 This Represents th Hindu God Rama-Lakshamn-Sita. http://www.koausa.org/Gods/Ram1.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 money to buy a ticket to the concert. She man- aged to save up the fteen dollars the ticket cost plus another ve dollars. But then her mother changed her mind and told Judy that she had to spend the money on new clothes for school. Judy was disappointed and decided to go to the concert anyway. She bought a ticket and told her mother that she had only been able to save ve dollars. That Saturday she went to the performance and told her mother that she was spending the day with a friend. A week passed without her mother nding out. Judy then told her older sister, Louise, that she had gone to the performance and had lied to her mother about it. Louise wonders whether to tell their mother what Judy did. If Louise were Hindu, she would tell her mother about the concert because of the rules in the Hindu religion such as dharma and karma. Be- cause of the beliefs of the Hindu religion, she would instead not go to the concert at all be- cause they believe in the rule of dharma, which mean to do the duty that the people were sup- posed to do. Dharma is also connected to karma, as stated by Frey, Karma means that in the next life people would be reborn as a lower class or in a higher class according to there ac- tions (Frey 148-149). She would have a chance of being reborn as a lower class if she did not tell her mother about the concert, so she would have to respect the mother by telling her. Be- cause of the rules of the Hindu religion, Judy would have been more honest to her mother. If Louise believed in Confucianism, she would of told the mother about the concert. The Confuci- ans believe in relationship status, so they all need to respect people by their ranks. Their ranks are not how wealthy, but how old they are and if they are above them. As stated by Frey, All people must respect and obey those above them, (Frey 208-209). Because of this, Louise would be forced to tell because her mother is older than her. In Confucianism, people have to respect the elders and people above them, such 23 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 as government ofcials and politicians. This shows that Confucianism would inuence Louise into telling the mother because of their beliefs. These examples show that a belief system is im- portant to a person and a civilization. They are important because beliefs that the religions bring help change how people would act in situa- tions such as when Louise was stuck about tell- ing her mother about the concert. If she didnt have a belief system she could do something bad or good therefore, the Hinduism and Confucian- ism helped her to pick the right choice. This would help a whole civilization by keeping peo- ple in a single mindset where people would be in- uenced to make the right decisions. Role of the Catholic Church and its Belief Sys- tem in Medieval Europe Role of the Catholic Church in Medieval Europe. The Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe grew in both economic and political power after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 C.E. During the Middle Ages the church gained political power because of the Divine Right of Kings, which is when a king says the 24 Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV in the Kings Castle. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZWGIOKD2TFM/UWmTx8N2pRI/AAAAAAA AA-0/mxj_iLRtB9I/s1600/HenryIVBeforeCanossaTrans.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 reason that he is in power is because God gave him the responsibility. Because the king had pro- tection and riches for the church, the church told the civilization that God really gave the power to the king. The church also had to clas- sify laws that the king is passing. Even though the king had most of the power politically and militarily, the church could affect the king drasti- cally. This is like when Pope Gregory and King Henry IV had a conict. When pope Gregory came into rule the, the pope declared that the king could not appoint church bishop and other church leaders. When the king heard this Henry IV said that Pope Gregory was no longer Pope. As stated by Frey, Gregorys ruling angered Henry IV. Like ruler before him, Henry consid- ered it his duty (and privilege) to appoint church ofcials. He called a council of bishops and de- clared that Gregory was no longer pope. Greg- ory responded by excommunicating Henry, (33). When Gregory excommunicated Henry IV, Pope Gregory had the king Henry IV beg for his for- giveness by standing before him for three days in the snow barefoot. When a church leader ex- communicates somebody means that the person is no longer part of the church. At this time, most people wanted to gain salvation and go to heaven, but when someone is excommunicated they will not be able to go to heaven or gain sal- 25 King Henry IV at Pope Gregory VIIs gate in Canossa in 1077 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Canossa-gate.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 vation. This shows that the church has much of the power as well. The church was the only one who could read at this time so the church had a widely spread inuence on the whole civilization more so the king as well. Because they were the only ones who could read they were the only ones could read documents for the king because they were the kings personal assistants. This would cause them to be able to read letters from other kingdoms. They would take advantage of the king being able to not read and would change the information on the documents. The church gained a lot of power because the peo- ple at this age lived in the Dark Ages. At this time people wanted to gain salvation to live a better life and the church was the ones who would give them that. This means that the peo- ple needed to follow the churches teachings to gain salvation. This shows that over the years in the Middle Ages the church gained economic and political power with the strategies that they came up with. The Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe grew in both economic and political power after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 C.E. The church in the Middle Ages gained economic power because they were the largest land owners by people giving them land or them taking land. They also would tax people, which were called tithes. People would have to give one tenth of their money to the tithe. They would also take their produce or people would give time to work for the church. As stated by Frey, The medieval church added to its wealth by collecting a tithe, or tax. Each person was ex- pected to give one tenth of his money, produce, or labor to help support the church, (33). This shows that most of the wealth of the church in the middle ages was from the tithes which was money from the people in the civilization. This strategy that was used by the church helped 26 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 them to gain nancial power rapidly during this age. This illustrates that the church gained eco- nomic power by having the civilization give tithes towards the church and having the most land in the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church inuenced the thoughts and deeds because people wanted to achieve salva- tion and go to heaven. Salvation was the belief in the Roman Catholic Church in which people would go to Heaven if they followed the churchs sacraments. The people believed that because they lived in a dark age that if they followed the church they would go to heaven so people would try very hard to not commit any sins. The church manipulated this belief to make the peo- ple in the Middle Ages to ght in the crusades. To have the people ght, Pope Urban II gave a speech to inuence the people. He gave many reasons for the people to ght including the sins of people who fought would be erased. As stated, All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall 27 The Crusades ghting for Jerusalem in the year 1070. http://looklex.com/e.o/slides/crusades11.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 have immediate cancelation of sins. This I will grant them through the power of God in which I am invested, (Speech at Council of Clermont). The crusades were the people in Europe in the Middle Ages ghting to win back the Holy land that has many cities that are valuable to the be- lief system such as Jerusalem. In the speech the Pope stated that if people fought they would be able to have salvation, which is what the people wanted to get their whole lives. This inuenced many villages to leave and ght in the Middle East. This shows how the church could inuence peoples thoughts and deeds with salvation. Belief System of Christikan Belief Systems Essay In an effort to create a successful civilization, the people of Christikan have established their own belief system. It shares similar religious be- liefs and teachings with other world religions and helps the people of Christikan to make the right decisions and actions. Here are some exam- ples. The rst principle of the belief system in Christi- kan is called Surq. Surq stands for mental 28 The Library Worship The Building in Christikan that represents the Belief System of the civili- zation. Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 strength, physical strength and to be able to overcome problems with not just violence but with other ways such as negotiating. To carry out Surq, once a month Christikanians need to fast, not eat, for the rst day of the month until nighttime when they eat only self-grown food. This will teach the people how to overcome struggles such as starvation. This is similar to the Islamic belief of Jihad. As stated by Frey, Ji- had represents the human struggle to overcome difculties and do things that would be pleasing to God, (101). In the Islamic belief system, Jihad means to overcome struggle against themselves. They state that lesser Jihad is to overcome ex- ternal struggles, and greater Jihad is to over- come internal struggles. This belief will help the people realize how to overcome problems by hav- ing people compromising during conicts within the civilization. People would be able to contrib- ute more to the civilization without having to ght over things. With these aspects, the peo- ple can make the right decisions and actions. This will create a successful civilization with the belief of Surq. This ritual and belief will make people more productive and get them to know how to solve lifes problems with ease. In Christikan, the second tenet of the belief sys- tem is Trup which stands for trustworthiness or to be honest and to not lie. To practice Trup peo- ple must kneel, meditate, clear their minds and to concentrate on telling the truth and not lying. This will lead to a civilization that has nobody who lies and this will end up helping the civiliza- tion politically and socially to better prevent con- icts. Being honest and telling the truth is simi- lar to the Eightfold Path, as alleged by Frey, Be careful and truthful in what you say. Do not lie or gossip, (159). The Eightfold Path for Buddhism is what lead the people of Buddha to enlighten- ment by giving them rules to live by so they would be able to access enlightenment. Many of these rules emphasized to be honest, do not lie, and to tell the truth. This shows that with being honest helped the people of Buddha become suc- 29 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 cessful. By being able to tell the truth, conicts and hate would be less of a problem in the civili- zation Also without lying in the civilization when voting for a leader there wouldnt be any dis- crepancies in the information because people would be able to know what the politician is go- ing to do. This will create people in a civilization that make the right decision and actions. This shows that the belief in trustworthiness will be very useful in situations in a civilization. The third belief of the Christikanian belief sys- tem is called Rustim for respect. This is meant to show how to respect the people in the civiliza- tion and outside of the civilization and to not create enemies. To represent Rustim, people have to learn how to respect people and to treat peo- ple as you would treat yourself. This is pretty similar to the belief in the Confucian religion, as stated by Frey, Do not do to other what you would not want done to you, (208-209). In the Confucian religion, people had to respect the people above them such as government ofcials, powerful people, and they had to respect their elders as well. This emphasized to have Good Character as said by Confucius, the creator of Confucianism. In Christikan, like Confucianism, people will have to respect people older than them and to respect people above them or be- low them. This quality would help a civilization thrive because it will help to have the civiliza- tion to have a better image to other civilizations so wars will not be started. Respect will help the civilizations people make the right action by having respect for all people. This will lead for a successful civilization. The belief of respect will help the civilization accomplish many things and it will help for people to get along so no con- icts will undergo. 30 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 A person may die, nations may rise and fall, but an ideal lives on. -John F. Kennedy CHAPTER 4 31 Ideas Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 SECTION 1 The humanist mindset promoted new innovated ideas during the renaissance with the advances of literature. Humanists are people, mostly schol- ars and philosophers, that believed in everyone had potential to achieve greatness and would question old ideas and create new ones. This revolution was during the 1300s to the 1600s or the renaissance times. During the renaissance era, people started using their education and knowledge to inuence parts of the civilization. Power of Ideas 32 http://www.onedayswages.org/sites/default/les/all/Idea_for_a_Cause_Page_Banner.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 Humanists started writing in their own languages and would be more interested in individual expe- rience and the world around them because of their belief in individuality. When they would write in their own languages it would create a more diverse audience for the book. This would make a civilization have a bigger chance to have a more diverse community if the books were written in other languages. With these advances in writing people started writing about emotions and about their own experiences, as stated by Frey, In contrast, Renaissance writers were inter- ested in individual experience and in the world around them, (328). This shows that the people that were humanists would question more com- mon methods and make their own ideas. Human- ists would also question methods like writing about religion and beliefs and would create secu- lar writing, to write about nonreligious topics. This would change the topics the books were written about such as people writing about na- ture or government. This shows that the human- 33 A Painting of Francis Petrarch who was a big humanist in- uence towards writing during the renaissance http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v4zyj6VSui0/ULWAzgTHT6I/A AAAAAAAFUo/5bjKNMpwnmM/s1600/petrarch-1304-1 374-granger.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 ists in the renaissance created new ideas for the advances of writing. Humanists during the renaissance time period, if put in the civilization of Christikan, would help the civilization become more success- ful. The humanist mindset of a person, if put in Christikan, would help the civilization prosper be- cause it would help the civilization to question and create new ideas that would advance the civilization. A humanist might question about the laws throughout the civilization and would take the laws and create better ones, which would make for a better civilization. One of the laws in the civilization states, If a shopkeeper sells something for more of its worth that shop- keeper will have to pay a 600 fee and will go to jail for at most a year. A humanist in the civi- lization would be able to question this law and take in consideration of the people of the civili- zation. The humanist would be able to nd away to modify the law to help everyone in the civili- zation, which will have the people in the civiliza- 34 A painting in the Catholic Church during the renaissance times http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Our_Mother _of_Perpetual_Help.jpg/220px-Our_Mother_of_Perpetual_Help.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 tion happier. This shows that if a humanist were to be put into the civilization of Christikan, the civilization would benet from the humanist mindset.
During the middles ages the Catholic Church had much of the power but would use that power in corrupt ways. The Catholic Church would use their economic and political power to swindle money from the civilians of a civilization with indulgences. An indulgence was a practice where the Church would charge people money for their forgiveness of sins. This would cause for corruption because it would show that peo- ple could get away with anything if they paid their indulgences. Another fraudulent thing that the Catholic Church did was simony. Simony is when the Church lets the people pay for the high Church positions without training. These strategies that the church used were bad for the civilization and would have people question the church, as stated by Frey, By the 1300s, many Catholics felt that the church had become far too worldly and corrupt, (348). This shows that people in the civilization would notice these 35 The Boat in the middle of the civilization, which was made by a human- ist Gallery 4.1 Humanist Structures in Christikan Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 things and would resent and would start ques- tioning the Churches authority. The indulgences and the simony made people thing the church was corrupt because it had an excuse for the Church to get wealthier and more powerful. This is corrupt because if the people bought their po- sition, they would not always be a great person in that position, so the civilization would be at stake. This shows that the Catholic Church had started to become corrupt by overusing their power. Many people questioned the reliability of the Catholic Church such as when Galileo challenged the Churchs belief in astronomy. In 1609 Galileo discovered through his telescope that the sun is the center of the galaxy, not the earth. This the- ory was called the Copernican theory. He dis- covered this by looking through a telescope where he saw only parts of planets were lit with light. He also saw moons orbiting Jupiter, which contradicts the belief that everything re- volves around earth. While he was spreading the word about his new theory, the Catholic Church did not want this to happen because one of their traditions involve the earth as the center 36 The layout of the Copernican Theory, which was conrmed by Galilieo http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Copernican_heliocent rism_diagram-2.jpg Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 of the galaxy, as Frey declares, Church ofcials feared that attacks on the geocentric theory could lead people to doubt the Churchs teach- ings, (393). This shows that the Copernican the- ory was dangerous for the Church because if the theory gets out to the world, people will doubt the teachings and start questioning the Church. The Church believed in the geocentric theory, which states that the Earth was the cen- ter of the universe and all other planets re- volved and orbited around earth. The Church was worried that if people started questioning the Church, the political and economical power would start going down because people would re- alize that some of the teachings were wrong. Galileo wrote a book called, Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, which described the two theories, the Copernican and the geocentric the- ory. In this book Galileo doesnt pick sides but has the character that was talking about the geocentric theory was foolish and the character that talked about the Copernican was wise and logical. This shows that people of many civiliza- tions questioned the Church like when Galileo discovered the Copernican theory. When Galileo challenged the Catholic Church, the Church tried to get rid of Galileo and his idea of the Copernican theory. To get rid of Gali- leo and his proposal about how the sun is the 37 The Medieval Inquisition or Church Court http://i2.wp.com/extra.listverse.com/amazon/religiousatrocities/in quisition.jpg?resize=400%2C314 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 center of the universe, the Catholic Church called Galileo to Rome to face the Inquisition or the church court. The people at the Church court accused Galileo of heresy and demanded that he confesses that the Copernican theory was wrong and that the geocentric theory was right. They also had forbid Galileo from writing about his theory, as stated by Frey, In the end, the court forced him to swear that the geocen- tric theory was true. He was forbidden to write about the Copernican theory, (393). Even though the Church had blocked off Galileos the- ory of the universe, the idea still spread throughout the world. Scientists all over Europe had read his writing, Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, book about the Copernican the- ory and helped may people convert into the be- lief of the Copernican theory. Because of this outbreak, the Inquisition ordered for that all of the copies of Galileos book be burned so that no one could read it. Even though the Church court had done these things to Galileo such as making him swear that earth is the center of the universe, forbidding him to write about his theory, and burned all of his books, the theory still got out to scientists throughout Europe. This shows that the Church tried to get the Co- pernican theory to be destroyed. In the civilization of Christikan there are many aspects in the civilization that a humanist could 38 Martin Luther http://cbsstlouis.les.wordpress.com/2013/07/martin-luther.jpg?w=620& h=349&crop=1 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 question. In the civilization humanists could ques- tion many things such as some teachings in the belief system, the government and laws, and many structure throughout the civilization. Some of the biggest aspects that could be ques- tioned are the civilizations laws. Many of the laws are very specic and people could start questioning and start creating different rules such as when Martin Luther questioned the Catholic Church and his ideas threatened the church, as stated by Frey, Luthers views brought him into conict with the church over indulgences, (352). This shows that if the human- ists questioned the laws of Christikan, there would be conicts in the civilization. Other as- pects that a humanist might change in Christi- kan would be the belief system. In the belief system there are specic teaching that people have to do. A humanist might try to get around it and question the teachings. This shows that a humanist in the civilization of Christikan could question many things about the laws and belief system. In the civilization of Christikan, to deal with hu- manists the people will use strategies that will help the civilization. To deal with humanists that are questioning the rules and beliefs in Christi- kan, the high people in Christikan will use strate- gies that will not be violent but will have the humanists stop. One of the strategies that the civilization will use is to have his writings stopped to have his idea to not spread through- out the civilization. This was also used to try to stop Martin Luther. The Catholic Church had foreboded him from writing about his theory and burned all of his writings. This was also used to stop Galileo as stated by Frey, He was forbidden to write again about the Copernican theory,(393). This shows that many other civili- zations used this strategy to tone down human- ists ideas. If the idea that is against the civiliza- tion that could destroy the civilization would be 39 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 dealt with rejection and with force. Ideas that are miner could be compromised upon to not be- gin conicts inside the civilization. This will cre- ate for a successful civilization because it will take away the idea that will threaten the civili- zation and will prevent any other threatening ideas to come out. Because the writings of the humanist were limited people would not be able to obtain it and will not be able to spread the idea, which will save the civilization. This shows that the strategy of limiting the communication of the humanist will prevent the idea to threaten the civilization. If a humanist were put into the civilization of Christikan is would be Galileo because of his sci- entic achievements. Galileo was a philosopher during the renaissance time that discovered that the sun is the centre of the solar system, not the earth. He saw this by creating a tele- scope that saw the lightings and shapes of the planets. His theory was called the Copernican theory. When the Copernican theory was devel- A portrait of Galileo http://images.encyclopedia.com/utility/image.aspx?id=2795439&i magetype=Hero 40 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69 oped, it conicted with the Catholic Churchs be- lief in that the earth was the centre of the uni- verse as stated by Frey, Church leaders saw the Copernican theory as both wrong and danger- ous. To them, the idea that Earth was the cen- tre of the universe was part of an entire sys- tem of belief approved by the Church, (393). Be- cause of this conict, the church banned him from writing his theory and had him promise that the Copernican was wrong. After his trail at the church court, scientists throughout Europe have found his work and took his theory into consideration. His theory helped scientists and others advance them in their knowledge in ancient Europe. If Galileo were put into the civili- zation of Christikan, he would be able to im- prove the civilization by educating the people about the universe. This will bring more edu- cated people to the civilization, which the civili- zation would benet. More educated people would mean that in the civilization people would help to advance the government, and technolo- gies in Christikan. Because of Galileos discover- ies about space, it will help the civilization by combining the space and science with the belief system, which will take consideration of the peo- ple. This illustrates that if the philosopher from ancient Europe were put into the civilization of Christikan, his ndings would help the civiliza- tion advance. 41 Abella, Christian Monday, June 2, 2014 2:41:59 PM sleep Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:cf:69
In Re Burger Boys, Inc., Debtor. South Street Seaport Limited Partnership, Creditor-Appellant v. Burger Boys, Inc., Doing Business as Burger Boys of Brooklyn, Debtor-Appellee, 94 F.3d 755, 2d Cir. (1996)