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Design Of Power Transmission Lines

ALI RAZA
Abstract:
The aim of this report document is to design two-circuit, three phase transmission lines in such a manner
such that safety levels of magnetic field remain maintained and does not exceed the permitted value of an
Australian standards. Nowadays, the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health still needs some
attention and wide range of research, so that it effects can easily be perceived , so the government planned
to maintain a safe level for magnetic field to avoid any adverse effects and hypothetical disturbances in
human health. The appointed safe level for low frequency magnetic field was found to be 0.1 m tesla and
5 kv/m (rms) respectively up to 24 hours/day.

Introduction
The term electric power transmission refers to the transfer of electrical energy in bulk from the power
generating plants to many substations located within the populated areas. The most common method used
nowadays for the power transmission is three phase method, it is a huge poly phase system which has
become standard for power distribution all over the world and has many advantages over single phase
power distribution. The three phase power transmissions are used at many industrial and domestic levels.
In industries it is used for running many electrical machines for e.g. Motors and many large power
consuming devices. The three phase systems have many characteristics, which distinguishes it from the
single phase systems. Firstly, 3 phase systems require lesser amount of copper and aluminum conductors
for the deliverance of same amount of energy as single phase system does. Secondly, the current in 3 phase
system tends to minimize the effect of each other (so that net effect comes out to zero for a linear load),
which eliminates the need of a neutral conductor from the system. Thirdly, power transfer remains uniform
throughout the cycle in three phase systems, which greatly cause a reduction in the mechanical vibrations
of a three phase motor connected with the load. Finally, three-phase produces a rotating magnetic field in a
certain direction which makes the design of many motors simple and compact. Due to less use of copper
and aluminum wires this system is regarded as more economical as compared to single phase system.
Unfortunately, 3 phase system has its own drawbacks and has been carefully examined over the past
decades and many measures were taken against an ailments to individuals who were affected by some
specific levels of electric and magnetic fields , but instead of debating over this topic for a long period
some compromise were made for achieving the safety measures in construction of power transmission
lines which became the standard for Australia. The safety levels can be easily attained by the repositioning
of the conductors which meets Australian standards to further avoid any unusual effects in the society.



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Figure 1: Three-phase representation of power transmission lines.

Specifications
The three-phase two circuit power transmission lines should have the following specifications which are
given as follows.
First of all the transmission lines should be placed 10 meters above the ground with in a
rectangular block having an area of 140 square meter.
The magnetic field of every individual conductor should be calculated on two different test points
which are located 1 meter above and at the edges of the boundary and are 35 meters apart from
each other.
The orientation of c six conductors should be in a direction such that the distance should be
maintained around 5 meters between every individual conductors.
The visual image of the above description can be seen from the figure given below:

Figure 2: Specification diagram for the power transmission line

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Design
The Design selected for the orientation of Conductors in Two- circuit three-phase transmission lines project is
quite different from what has been given in the specification area, but this design would be able to give the
specific value for RMS of magnetic field intensity, so that it will be able to fulfill the safety requirement needs of
the country.













Figure 2: Design diagram for the power transmission lines.
Implementation of the above design will provide us the actual value of RMS magnetic field, which will be less
than or equal to 0.1 m tesla and satisfies the basic following main criteria of the entire two circuit, three-
phase design . The computed results for the above design do not represents the final version, but gives an
approximation and Idea of what key points and steps should be remembered to reach the final solution . If we
look at the above design, two conductor A 1 and B1 are in the opposite direction to other conductors A2 and B2
respectively. The results we will obtain from the above design might exceed the value of permitted magnetic
field, but for better results the positions of f As and Bs conductor must be arranged In a proper way, so that it




2
4

m

35 m







1

m









1

m

12 m






5

m


5 m



2
3

m

17.5 m 17.5 m
1
0

m

A1
B1
C1
C2
B2
A2

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Will improve the conduction which will lead us to our required value within the range of permitted magnetic
field and satisfies the RMS equation.

The following co-ordinate points are given in the table for the above arrangement of conductors in a design with
reference to test point 1.



Conductors Co-ordinates
A 1 (15,23)
A 2 (20,13)
B 1 (15,18)
B 2 (20,18)
C 1 (15,13)
C 2 (20,23)

Table 1: List of conductors with its corresponding co-ordinates

Evaluation:
The value obtained of an RMS magnetic field for two circuits, three-phase transmission lines matches exactly
with the standard value of magnetic field permitted in an Australia, which is 0.1 m Tesla. This proves that this
arrangement is reliable and meets requirements of an Australian standard; there are other ways of obtaining
the same value of RMS field, simply if we change the position of conductors, for e.g. These arrangements could
be hexagonal, triangular etc., These methods are effective but can increase the transmission lines cost due to
large span between the conductors, or another alternate method for getting the same value is to increase or
decrease the value of current (I) from higher to lower value or vice versa depending on the condition, this would
greatly affects the magnetic field intensity and lower its value. In the beginning the value of current selected
was 148.65 KA, but due to an immense increase in the value of field which was 0.4 m tesla , The percentage
error was calculated and accordingly the value was lowered to 41.29 KA , consequently which resulted in the
less value of field and meet the desired requirement. This arrangement also simplifies the method for which we
calculated the value of magnetic field with respect to test point 1 which is enough because the conductors are in
adjacent direction therefore, if calculations are made with respect to test point 2 this would give mirrored value
of magnetic field calculated for test point 1 means this would not affect the value of magnetic field.
References:
S M Wentworth, Fundamentals of electromagnetics with engineering applications , John Wiley and Sons,
2005 SEC 3.2 , Page # 102-104.
Energy Networks Association. Electricity Industry EMF Measurement Protocol for High Field Areas
Website http://www.ena.asn.au/ .
Three-phase power transmission line diagram from www.google.com.au


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Conclusion
From the above design, we can say that there are many variables which can lead to our desired value of
RMs magnetic field. once the orientation of conductors are selected, we can control the value of magnetic
field just by increasing or decreasing an electric current in the conductors which will provide us with our
desired value of RMS field which will be equal to or less than 0.1 mT. These variables are significant in
finding out our desired RMS magnetic field. From the RMS value we can easily determine our peak field.