Chemical Control of the Body

The Endocrine system

03/06/2014
Review of The Nervous System
1. The NERVOUS SYSTEM may be divided into the CNS
or _______________ and the PNS or
_______________
2. The CNS is made up of of the ____________ and the
__________________ .
3. The PNS is made of ________________ which detect
a stimulus, ______________ which transmit the
message detected to the CNS, ________________
which transmit the message from the CNS to the
effector.
4. Parts of the brain pick up and send the messages.
5. Draw this information as a flow chart.
03/06/2014
The Nervous System
Types of receptor:
1) Light receptors in the eyes
2) Sound receptors in the ears
3) Taste receptors on the tongue
4) Smell receptors in the nose
5) Touch, pressure and temperature receptors in the
skin and smooth muscles
6) Changes of position receptors in the ears (balance)
7) Carbon dioxide receptors detect changes in the
blood.
Prior Knowledge of the Endocrine
System
Think-Pair-Share
Name any hormones that are secreted by the
main endocrine glands in the body and write
these on the table next to the endocrine
gland.

The Endocrine System

Releases growth and
sex hormones
which control many
other glands

03/06/2014
The Endocrine System
Releases growth
and sex hormones
Releases thyroxine which
controls metabolic rate
Releases insulin which controls
blood sugar levels
Release oestrogen which partly
controls the menstrual cycle
Release testosterone which
causes body changes in
puberty
Release adrenaline fight or
flight increases heart rate
and release of glucose
The Endocrine system
Structure and function
Hormones are chemical substances that act as
messengers in the body. They are secreted from
ductless glands directly into the blood.
Hormones are produced in the endocrine glands.
Hormones act on specific cells called target cells.
Examples;
the hormone insulin acts on the liver and muscle cells.
the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on kidney
tubules


The Master Gland
The endocrine system is coordinated by the
pituitary gland. The pituitary gland responds
to messages form the hypothalamus gland.

The Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is made of nerve tissues and it
is constantly checking and responding to the
stimuli of internal body systems.

If a change in body conditions is detected the
hypothalamus secreting hormones and
stimulates the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland
responds by secreting hormones that act on
other endocrine glands.

So the hypothalamus is a link between the
nervous and endocrine systems.
03/06/2014
Control of Blood Glucose
The concentration of glucose in our blood
is controlled by the hormones insulin and
glucagon which target the PANCREAS.
The response is that blood glucose concentration ______________ .
Compare this to the original stimulus.



03/06/2014
Control of Blood Glucose
The concentration of glucose in our
blood is controlled by the hormones
insulin and glucagon which target the
PANCREAS.
The response is that blood glucose concentration ______________ .
Compare this to the original stimulus.
Negative Feedback or Homeostasis
When the response of the body is in the
opposite direction to the original stimulus then
we say this is a negative feedback system.



Control of water levels in the blood
When there are high levels of water in the
blood the kidney tubules to take water from
the blood and so the blood water levels
_______________________________ .
When there are low levels of water in the
blood the kidney tubules to take less water
from the blood and so the blood water levels
_______________________________
Control of Body Temperature
If the body temperature falls below its set point
then the cells increase their rate of cellular
respiration and so the body temperature goes
___________________ .
If the body temperature rises above its set point
then the cells increase their rate of cellular
respiration and so the body temperature goes
___________________ .

There are other mechanisms for raising and
lowering temperature.