Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GRAMMAR
I. Practice Exercises on Remedial Grammar Covering:
i. Common Errors in English
ii. Subject-Verb agreement
iii. Use of Articles
iv. Prepositions
v. Tense and aspect
I. COMMON ERRORS IN ENGLISH
Objective:
To improve the learners ability to understand eight common types of errors found in their spoken
and written English.
1. Subject Verb Agreement:
The verb and subject must agree with each other. If the subject is singular, then the verb must be singular.
If the subject is plural, then the verb must be plural.
i. If a singular subject is separated by a comma then the following sentence remains singular:
1. The child, together with his grandmother and his parents, is going to the beach. (Right)
2. Frank, accompanied by his student, were at the studio. (Wrong)
3. Frank, accompanied by his student, was at the studio. (Right)
2. Collective nouns, such as family, majority, audience, and committee are singular when they act
as one group. They are plural when they act as individuals.
1. A majority of the shareholders wants the merger.
2. The jury were in disagreement.
3. All phrases separated by and are plural; phrases separated by or are singular.
Like, as, compared to, less than, more than, other, that of, those of etc.
Some constructions often state ideas in similar form. Their grammatical structure depends on the subjects
being used between them. They are
Eitheror...
Neithernor...
Not only but also...
1. The vision from this building is not nearly as impressive as from that mountain lodge. Wrong
2. The vision from this building is not nearly as impressive as the one from that mountain lodge. Right
EXERCISES FOR PRACTICE
Exercise I
The following passage is not edited. It contains an error in each sentence. Identify the incorrect
word and write the correct form of it.
The city police have decided to taking stern action against drivers which attempt to overtake in the left side
in the city roads. All drivers who violate this rule will be punish. This is a strict order issue by the police
department for safety of all drivers.
Answer:
The city police have decided to take stern action against drivers who attempt to overtake on the left side
on the city roads. All drivers who violate this rule will be punished. This is a strict order issued by the
police department for safety of all drivers.
Exercise II
Correction of Sentences for Practice
1. John has been working on the pilot project since two years.
2. When he entered the classroom the lecture already was beginning.
3. Rama has returned back her book in the library.
4. If Peter works hard he would get distinction in the exam.
5. They turn up with the flying colours if they practiced well.
6. If he told them about the route they would not have missed their way.
7. She would not have sent the mail if you did not instruct her.
8. If I had painted the picture well it would cost a great deal.
9. If the Manager had received your project on time he would not fire you.
The boy, together with his teachers and friends, are going to the ground.
11. A group of people are rushing into the hall.
12. The team is divided in different perspectives on the issue.
13. Neither the party leader nor the party workers was able to calm the distressed people.
14. Data is being collected by the media.
15. She is a real good singer.
16. All Computer science students should learn computer operating, typing, and how to
programme computers.
17. The Lawyer has been warning his clients for the last Sunday.
18. Everybody on the board have to come to the discussion sessions.
19. How could they threaten you and she for this issue?
20. She prefers studying individually than studying collaboratively.
21. He is adept at cricket, badminton, playing basket ball.
22. Neither his followers nor he were welcomed by the society.
23. Some of you will have to get their own id cards for inspection.
24. If anyone peeps into the room, capture their photographs.
25. It must have been him who has sent this mail.
26. One should respect your motherland.
27. It happen only rarely in life.
28. Children is plucking flowers in the garden.
29. They purchased a new air conditioner next month.
30. They is quarrelling over a trifle.
31. It begin to rain as soon as we stepped out of the house.
32. The mother was pray for her ailing child.
6. If he told them about the route they would not miss their way.
7. She would not send the mail if you did not instruct her.
8. If I had painted the picture well it would have cost a great deal.
9. If the Manager had received your project on time he would not have fired you.
The boy, together with his teachers and friends, is going to the ground.
11. A group of people is rushing into the hall.
12. The team are divided in different perspectives on the issue.
13. Neither the party leader nor the party workers were able to calm the distressed people.
14. Data are being collected by the media.
15. She is really a good singer.
16. All Computer science students should learn computer operating, typing, and computer
programming.
17. The Lawyer has been warning his clients since the last Sunday.
18. Everybody on the board has to come to the discussion sessions.
19. How could they threaten you and her for this issue?
20. She prefers studying individually to studying collaboratively.
21. He is adept at cricket, badminton and basket ball.
22. Neither his followers nor he was welcomed by the society.
23. Some of you will have to get your own id cards for inspection.
24. If anyone peeps into the room, capture his/her photographs.
25. It must have been he who has sent this mail.
26. One should respect ones motherland.
27. It happens only rarely in life.
28. Children are plucking flowers in the garden.
29. They will purchase a new air conditioner next month.
13. Either the Committee on Course Design or the Committee on College Operations
____________ these matters.
i. DECIDE
ii. DECIDES
14. One of my instructors ____________ written a letter of recommendation for me.
i. HAS
ii. HAVE
15. Dr. Ferndon is one of those professors who ___________ distracted most of the time.
i. SEEM
ii. SEEMS
16. ___________ either Luis or his parents written to Angela?
i. HAS
ii. HAVE
17. Neither Luis nor his parents ___________ the least bit interested in keeping in touch with
her.
i. ARE
ii. IS
18. Everybody on this team ___________ really hard to please the new coach.
i. TRY
ii. TRIES
19. Because there ___________ so many students in that class, I can sometimes sleep in the
back row.
i. ARE
ii. IS
20. Neither traffic light--neither the one on Asylum Avenue nor the one on Farmington Avenue--
___________ working after the storm.
i. WAS
ii. WERE
21. Mr. Bradley, along with his two sisters, ___________ lived in this town for thirty years.
i. HAS ii. HAVE
22. There ___________ no reasons for this horrible development that I can see.
i. ARE
ii. IS
23. Some of the water ___________ already gone bad.
i. HAS
ii. HAVE
24. One of these students ___________ obviously cheated on the exam.
i. HAS
ii. HAVE
25. Either the UConn Women's Team or the UConn Men's Team ___________ going to be
national champion this year.
i. ARE
ii. IS
26. Carlos and his brother Raoul ___________ traveling across the country next summer.
i. ARE
ii. IS
27. Several of the students ___________ decided to withdraw from the course.
i. HAS
ii. HAVE
Answers:
1. I 2. ii 3. ii 4. ii 5. i 6. i 7. ii 8. ii 9. ii 10. ii 11. ii 12. i 13. i 14. i 15. i 16. i 17. i 18. ii 19. i 20. i 21. i 22. i 23. i
24. i 25. ii 26. i 27. ii
ii. An
iii. Nothing
8. I entered into a milk booth to buy___ milk.
i. a
ii. An
iii. Nothing
iv.
9. He has lost ___ a gold ring while he was playing.
i. a
ii. An
iii. Nothing
10. You have to have ___ umbrella if it rains.
i. a
ii. An
iii. Nothing
Answers- III
1. a 2. Nothing 3. a 4.an 5. a 6. an, an 7. a 8. Nothing 9.a 10.an
IV. PREPOSITION
Objective:To enable the learners to identify some of the common errors pertaining to use of
prepositions in sentences.
Preposition is one of the parts of speech which means to place something before (pre + position) a noun or
pronoun. The role of preposition in a sentence is to show the relationship between subject and object /
noun and noun / noun and adjective / noun and pronoun etc.
1. The cow is on the field.
2. She is fond of ice cream.
3. She told me about it.
4. They were nice to her.
Although preposition is generally placed before the words it governs, it will also appear in some other
positions.
1. Who are you talking to?
2. The boy wants something to play with.
3. What are you arguing for?
Prepositions are mainly of three kinds. They are
1. Simple (ex: in, on, at, by, which, into, about, across, along, among, between etc.)
2. Complex or Phrasal Prepositions (ex: inspite of, in addition to, along with because of)
3. Prepositions which look like adjectives / verbs (ex: including, following, barring, unlike)
Prepositions have a wide variety of roles to play in the sentences they are used. For instance, they indicate
things like time, place, direction, movement, comparison, means/instrumentality, concession and source of
manner.
The following sentences explain different roles of prepositions in the sentences.
1. Ram confuses to make a choice between mango and apple.(position)
2. The A.P. Express starts from Hyderabad to Delhi.(movement and direction)
3. The programme was over by 3 o Clock.(time)
4. He could not attend the meeting due to his ill health.(reason)
5. They went to hotel for Biryani.(purpose)
6. Mary chops meat with a knife. (instrument)
7. They are traveling by car.(means)
8. Despite of the busy schedule, the chairman turned up to the meeting.(concession)
9. He fights like a lion.(comparison)
10. John does his job with utmost care. (manner)
11. They brought vegetables from market. (source)
Prepositions Exercises for Practice - I
b.
c.
d.
7) Do not interfere __ my personal affairs.
b.
c.
I drove _____ Seattle last weekend.
b.
c.
d.
) We insisted __ going for walk.
b.
c.
: The Mega Mall is _____ the building, isn't it?
b.
c.
d.
11) The woman __ the car was my sister.
b.
c.
d.
12) The old building was deserted __ pigeons and mice.
b.
c.
d.
c.
d.
1
b.
c.
d.
D C M
b.
c.
d.
Answers - II
1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.c 9.a 10.c 11.a 12.b 13.a 14.b 15.d 16.a 17.c 18.c 19.a 20.c
V. TENSE AND ASPECT
Objective:
To improve students ability to use and construct error free sentences in spoken and written
English.
The following information gives a bird eye view of all the tenses (i.e. present, past and future) and their use
in different time frames besides some signal words for each tense.
1. Present Tense:
1.1 Simple Present Tense: S
Structure: Sub + Verb 1+ S or ES + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Do& Does (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She & It-------------- Does & I, We, You and They-----------Do)
Two helping verbs Do and Does are used in this tense. Do is used for plural subjects like I (exceptional),
We, You & They. Does is used for singular subjects like He, She & It. If the subject is singular S or ES is
added to the verb ending. This rule does not applicable to plural subjects.
1. She sings excellently.
2. They play very well.
There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are always, every, never, normally, often,
seldom, sometimes, usually.
Simple present tense is used in the following situations:
i. action in the present taking place
ii. facts
iii. actions taking place one after another
iv. action set by a timetable or schedule
v. habitual actions
1. She reads an article. (Affirmative)
2. Does she read an article? (Interrogative)
3. She does not read an article. (Negative)
4. Doesnt she read an article? (Negative Interrogative)
Usage in sentences:
1. She has written an article. 3. I have given a presentation just now.
Has she written an article? ..?
She has not written an article. ..
Hasnt she reading an article? ..?
Present perfect tense refers to completed actions. They also imply recently finished actions. There are
some adverbs which are often used in this tense. They are already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till
now, up to now
1.4 The Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Has been & Have been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She &It-------------- Has been & I, We, You and They-------Have been)
Usage in sentences:
1. She has been waiting for an hour. 2. I have been speaking since 2pm.
Has she been waiting for an hour ..?
She has not been waiting for an hour. ..
Hasnt she been waiting for an hour? ..?
Present perfect continuous tense refers to actions which started I the past and are continuing till the present
and have chance to continue in the future. There are some adverbs which are often used in this tense.
They are since and for. Since refers to point of time (exact time) eg: 1997, January 5
th
, 2 o Clock,
Wednesday. For implies period of time like two weeks, three hours, fifteen minutes and two years.
2. The Past Tense
2.1 The Simple Past Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V2) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Did (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Did + V1)
Usage in sentences:
1. She played yesterday. 2. I drew the picture last week.
Did she play yesterday? ..?
She did not play yesterday. ..
Didnt she play yesterday? ..?
Simple past tense refers to actions occurred in the past. A past tense should be used with past time
reference. They are like yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1950, the other day, last Friday.
2.2 The Past Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Was & Were (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I ---- Was We, You and They-------Were)
Usage in sentences:
1. She was typing. 2. They were watching cricket.
Was she typing? ..?
Helping Verbs Used: Had been (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, I, We, You and They-------Had been)
Usage in sentences:
1. She had been cleaning it. 2. They had been preparing it.
Had she been cleaning it? ..?
She had not been cleaning it ..
Hadnt she been cleaning it? ..?
Past perfect continuous tense refers to actions took place in the past. Generally it is used to refer two
actions in a sequence. One action in the past should be continuing till another action began. Some adverbs
are used to describe such actions. They are when and before.
1. They had been playing before the coach called them.
2. I had been reading the article before my friend invited me for a movie.
3 The Future Tense:
3.1 The Simple Future Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V1) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will & Shall (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will I, We -------- Shall)
Usage in sentences:
1. She will finish it tomorrow. 2. I shall purchase a T.V. next week.
Will she finish it tomorrow? ..?
She will not finish it tomorrow ..
Wont she finish it tomorrow? ..?
Simple future tense refers to actions take place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions scheduled
in the near future. There should be a future reference in this tense. Some adverbs are used to describe
such actions are in a year, next, tomorrow.
3.2 The Future Continuous Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb ing form (V4) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will be & Shall be (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will be I, We -------- Shall be)
Usage in sentences:
1. She will be going abroad next year. 2. We shall be celebrating a party tomorrow.
Will she be going abroad next year? ..?
She will not be going abroad next year ..
Wont she be going abroad next year? ..?
Future Continuous tense refers to actions taking place in the future. Generally it is used to refer actions
continuing from one time frame to another in the near future. There should be a future reference in this
tense. Some adverbs are used to describe such actions are by this time next year, by this time tomorrow.
3.3 The Future Perfect Tense:
Structure: Sub + Verb (V3) + Object
Helping Verbs Used: Will have & Shall have (to form questions and negative statements)
(He, She, It, You and They-------Will have I, We -------- Shall have)
Usage in sentences:
1. She will have finished her degree by 2012. 2. We shall have done it tomorrow.
Will she have finished her degree by 2012? .?
(Exercises - I)
1. John (construct) ______ three apartments in this part of the town in 1990.
2. By the time the project completed she (know) _______ intricacies of it.
3. All of a sudden, Ram understood that he (lose) ______ his valet.
4. (you see) _______ Mary in the meeting last week?
5. Rani said that she (write) _______ three exams.
6. Peters uncle (not want) ______to stay at the flat the entire day.
7. The workers were dog-tired as they (work) ______ continuously a week without a holiday. .
8. The insurance company (extend) _______ her assistance for her new house.
9. The boys told their teacher all what they (do) ________ the night before.
10. The two unemployed youth (get) ________ an opportunity in their desired media yesterday.
11.Martin said that he (never be) ______ so delighted.
12. I wanted to purchase this painting but the shop-keeper (already sell) _______it to another.
13. Mary (see) _________ John at the university last week.
14. How many years (you study) _________ English when you applied for that job?
15. I (cant paint) ________ when I was a child.
16. When I went to the concert the programme (already begin) _________.
17. After a heated argument with her brother Sharon (forget) _________ to post the letter.
18. I didn't go to the marriage because nobody (tell) __________ me about it.
19. She asked him if he (ever swim) __________ in the ocean.
20. The boy said: '' he (sleep) __________ until his mom came''.
Answers Part I
1. built 2. had known / knew 3. lost 4. did you 5. had written / wrote
6. did not want 7. worked 8. has extended 9. did 10. found 11. was never
12. had already lent 13. saw 14. did you study 15. could not paint
16. had already begun 17. forgot 18. told 19. had ever swum 20. slept
Exercises for Practice - II
I
P S C
1
8 A
1 A
Part - II Answers
1. say
2. make
3. their
4. say
5. have
6. tells
7. is
8. do
9. do
10. do not
11. walks
Part III
Choose the right verb for the following objective type of questions on Tenses.
1 (offer, always) _____
b.
c.
d.
l (be, not) _____l A
b.
c.
d.
S
b.
c.
d.
l
b.
c. has been raining
d.
5) P !
b.
c.
d.
6) 1
b.
c.
d. are
7) 8
b.
c.
d. runs
8) l
b.
c. are
d. studied
9) l
b.
c. won
d. win
10) l !
b.
c. will not have left
d. would not have left
11) 1 l
b.
c.
d. is locating
12) M
b.
c. has worked
d. works
13) 1 CLC
b.
c. presents
d. would present
14) 1
b.
c. will have completed
d. would complete
15) !
b.
c. was presented
d. had presented
16) 1
b.
c. was already begun
d. is already begun
17) 1 M
b.
c. was ringing
d. is ringing
18) A
b.
c. was waiting
d. are waiting
19) A u
b.
c. was performing
d. performed
20) The boy
b.
c. finishes
d. has just finished
21) ____ Mary just (go)____ outside?
P M
b. P M
c. Did Mary just go
d. was Mary just going
Unit - VIII
II. Vocabulary Development Covering
i. Synonyms & Antonyms
ii. One-word substitutes
iii. Prefixes & Suffixes
iv. Idioms & Phrases
v. Words often confused
I Synonyms
(Text book)
Heavens Gate
a. Impromptu (h) a feeling of excitement or mystery
b. pristine (i) a situation that seems impossible with two
opposite facts
c. surreal (o) existing or happening now
d. forage (f) to climb somewhere with difficulty, using hands
and feet
e. dramatic (n) to find and bring back something
f. clamber (l) a large powerful force that can not be
stopped
g. aromatic (j) leaving someone or something forever
h. romance (p) the biggest or longest street that goes
through a town
i. paradox (k) to grow well
j. abandoning (d) to go from place to place searching for food
k. flourish (e) very sudden or full of excitement
l. juggernaut (c) like a dream
m. chic (a) done or said with out earlier planning or
preparation
n. retrieve (b) fresh, in a very good condition
o. contemporary (g) having a pleasant smell
p. drag (m) stylish and fashionable
Sir C.V.Raman
a. voracious (e) very famous and admired
b. pore over (m) very new or different
c. welter (g) a sound that id deep, clear and loud, continues
for some time
Disaster Management
a. be prone to something (f) to organize or prepare something
b. fury (l) a detailed list of all items in a place
c. wreak havoc (p) making land suitable for building or farming
d. mammoth (k) the body of a dead animal
e. bereaved (h) to watch and check a situation carefully for a
period of time
f. mobilise (a) tending to show a particular negative feature
g. onerous (q) certain to happen
h. monitor (n) responsibility
i. potable (b) extremely anger
j. semblance (o) very shocked and upset for a long time
k. carcass (r) able to be easily hurt or influenced
l. inventory (d) extremely large
m. equitable (t) helping poor people, by giving them money
n. accountability (e) having someone close who has recently died
o. traumatised (s) suffer the worst of something bad
p. reclamation (i) water fit for drinking
q. inevitable (g) very difficult to do
r. vulnerable (c) to cause damage in a violent and uncontrolled
way
s. bear the burnt (j) a situation similar to but not exactly as desired
t. philanthropy (m) fair
Bubbling Well Road
a. hamlet (t) the wooden or metal frame of a bed
b. plumed (s) happiness and laughter
c. halter (p) a short low sound made in the throat
d. sounder (q) a dirty substance that forms on the surface of
the water
e. proceeding (l) not serious or sensible
f. tushes (b) decorated with feathers, here featherlike
g. terrier (k) the measurement of someone or something
around them
h. countenance (j) to walk towards someone or something slowly and
quietly, as if you do not want to be noticed
i. devoutly (e) an event
j. sidle (h) face or expression
k. girth (g) a small dog originally used for hunting
l. frivolous (i) strongly
2. Ambidextrous: a person who is able to use both hands with equal skill
3. Alimony: financial support to ex-wife
4. Amateur: a person who does something for pleasure rather than for pay
5. Aborigines: original inhabitants of a place
6. Arbitrator: somebody designated to hear both sides of a dispute and make a judgment
7. Autocracy: rule by one person who holds unlimited power
8. Aristocracy: people of noble families or the highest social class. Also, government of a country by
a small group of people, especially hereditary nobility
9. Atheist: a person who does not believe in God or deities
10. Amphibian: a land animal that breeds in water
11. Ambiguity: an expression or statement that has more than one meaning
12. Autobiography: an account of somebody's life written by that person
13. Biography: an account of somebody's life written by another person
14. Belligerents: nations engaged in war
15. Cannibal: somebody who eats human flesh
16. Circumlocution: the indirect way of saying something
17. Convalescence: the gradual return to good health after a period or illness or medical treatment
18. Egoist (also Egotist): a person who is selfish, self absorbed and self centered
19. Epitaph: inscription on a tombstone
20. Epicure: somebody who is dedicated to sensual pleasure and luxury
21. Epidemic: an outbreak of a disease that spreads among a group of people quickly and extensively
22. Endemic: a disease that occurs within a specified area, region or locale
23. Edible: fit for eating
24. Fanatic: somebody who has extreme and sometimes irrational enthusiasms or beliefs, especially in
religion or politics
25. Feminist: a believer in women's rights
26. Fratricide: the crime in which somebody kills his or her own brother
27. Fatalist: one who believes in the philosophical doctrine of fatalism
28. Fastidious: a person who is concerned that even the smallest details should be just right
29. Herbivorous: an animal that eats only grass or other plants
30. Honorary: holding an office awarded as an honour and receiving no payment for services provided
in that office
31. Impervious: a person who remains unmoved and unaffected by other people's opinions, arguments
or suggestions
32. Illiterate: a person who cannot read or write
33. Infallible: incapable of making a mistake
34. Infanticide: the killing of an infant
35. Idolatry: the worship of idols or false gods
36. Inflammable: something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned
37. Mercenary: somebody who works or serves only for personal profit. Also, a professional soldier
paid to fight for an army other than that of his or her country
38. Misogynist: a person who hates women
39. Misogamist: a person who does not believe in the institution of marriage
40. Matricide: the act of murdering one's own mother
41. Omniscient: a person who knows everything
42. Omnivorous: an animal or a human being that eats any kind of food
43. Omnipotent: a person who has power over all
44. Panacea: a supposed cure for all diseases or problems
45. Parasite: a person supported by another and giving him/her nothing in return
46. Patricide: the act of murdering one's own father
47. Potable: fit for drinking
48. Polygamy: the custom of having more than one spouse at the same time
49. Polyandry: the custom of having more than one husband at the same time
50. Prosecute: take legal action against somebody
51. Pugnacity: inclined to fight or be aggressive
52. Philanthropist: a person who helps others, especially those who are poor and in trouble
53. Plutocracy: the rule of a society by its wealthiest people
54. Somnambulism: sleepwalking
55. Stoic: a person who is unaffected by emotions
56. Soporific: a drug or other substance that induces sleep
57. Triennial: taking place once every three years
58. Theist: a person who believes in the existence of God
59. Transparent: a substance that allows light to pass through with little or no interruption so that
objects on the other side can be clearly seen
60. Usurer: somebody who loans money to other people and charges them exorbitant or unlawful
interest on it
61. Usurper: a person who seize something without the right to do so
62. Verbatim: corresponding word for word translation
63. Valetudinarian: somebody who is excessively concerned with his or her own health
64. Widower: a man whose wife has died
65. Widow: a woman whose husband has died
Exercises for Practice ON One Word Substitutes - I
1. To change people from one place to another because of dangerous situations
A. Evade
B. Evacuate
C. Avoid
D. Exterminate
2. One who has belief that people are insincere
A. Egoist
B. Fatalist
C. Stoic
D. Cynic
3. People who are ready to fight with others
A. Bellicose
B. Combative
C. Belligrant
D. Militant
4. A Teetotaler is someone who
A. abstains from theft
B. abstains from meat
C. abstains from taking wine
D. abstains from malice
5. One who possesses many talents.
A. Versatile
B. Nubile
C. Exceptional
D. Gifted
6. State in which the few govern the many
A. Monarchy
B. Oligarchy
C. Plutocracy
D. Autocracy
7. A solution for all problems.
A. Solution
B. phenomenon
C. Panacea
D. Recompense
8. A prima facie case is such
A. As it seems at first sight
B. As it is made to seem at first sight
C. As it turns out to be at the end
D. As it seems to the court after a number of hearings
9. The condition of being old, weak and can not be moved
A. Imbecility
B. Senility
C. Second childhood
D. Superannuation
10. List of the business or subjects to be considered at a meeting
A. Schedule
B. Timetable
C. Agenda
D. Plan
A. specialist
B. Intellectual
C. Snob
D. Literate
21. Malafide case is one
A. Which is undertaken in a good faith
B. Which is undertaken in a bad faith
C. Which is undertaken after a long delay
D. Which is not undertaken at all
22. A drawing on transparent paper
A. Red print
B. Blue print
C. Negative
D. Transparency
23. Somebody who consumes everything
A. Omnivorous
B. Omniscient
C. Irrestible
D. Insolvent
24. A particular use of style which is a display of a writers knowledge
A. Pedantic
B. wordy
C. Pompous
D. figurative
25. The study of earliest societies
A. Anthropology
B. Archaeology
C. History
D. Ethnology
Answers - I
1.b 2. d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.c 8. a 9.B 10. c 11. D 12.C 13.D 14.b 15.D 16. d 17. a
18.C 19. A 20.b 21. b 22. D 23. a 24. a 25.b
III. Prefixes and Suffixes
Objective of this Section:
To enhance students vocabulary with a selected list of prefixes and suffixes.
A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. A suffix is placed at the
ending of a word to modify or change its meaning. There are many common prefixes and suffixes in
English, together with their basic meaning and some examples. Some of the most commonest list of
suffixes and suffixes provided below.
-archy
-ate
-ate
-ate
-athlon
-ation
-ative
-atory
-bound
-cide
-city
-cy
-cycle
-dom
-ectomy
-ed
-ee
-eer
-eme
-en
-en
-ence
-ency
-ent
-ent
-eous
-er
-ergy
-ern
-ery
-ese
-esque
-ess
-etic
-fare
-ful
-gon
-gry
-holic
-hood
-ia
-iable
-ial
-ian
-iant
-iate
-ible
-ibly
-ic
-ical
-ics
-id
-ier
ify
-ile
-illion
-ious
-ing
-ing
Anarchy
Fortunate
Certificate
Concentrate
Decathlon
Concentration
Lucrative
Laboratory
Outbound
Suicide
Atrocity
Diplomacy
Hydrocycle
Kingdom
Vasectomy
Bored
Employee
Privateer
Morpheme
Leukemia
Golden
Independence
Frequency
Different
Resident
Courteous
Writer
Energy
Southern
Machinery
Chinese
Picturesque
Actress
Sympathetic
Warfare
Hopeful
Pentagon
Angry
Alcoholic
Brotherhood
Mania
Sociable
Special
Italian
Defiant
Deviate
Incredible
Responsibly
Historic
Historical
Economics
Candid
Cashier
Clarify
Tactile
Million
Ambitious
Playing
Action
-ion
-ish
-ism
-ist
-ite
-itive
-itude
-ity
-ium
-ive
-ization / isation
-ize / ise
-land
-less
-like
-ling
-ly
-man
-ment
-meter
-metry
-mony
-most
-nesia
-ness
-ocracy
-ography
-ologist
-ology
-onomy
-or
-ory
-ose
-ous
-phone
-scope
-ship
-shire
-sion
-some
-ster
-t
-th
-tion
-ty
-uary
-ulent
-ward
-wise
-wright
-y
Foolish, Tallish
English
Buddhism
Dentist
Socialite
Sensitive
Attitude
Formality
Calcium
Aggressive
Organization/Organisation
Idolize/Idolise
Finland
Careless
Childlike
Duckling
Monthly
Fireman
Government
Thermometer
Geometry
Testimony
Innermost
Polynesia
Kindness, Darkness
Democracy
Photography
Archaeologist
Biology
Astronomy
Governor
History
Glucose
Nervous
Telephone
Telescope
Friendship
Oxfordshire
Decision
Awesome
Gangster
Burnt
Growth
Introduction
Loyalty
January
Fraudulent
Inward
Clockwise
Playwright
Sunny
Provide the following suffixes to their respective word ENDINGS.
i. ache
ii. age
iii. dom
iv. ful
v. kind
vi. ledge
vii. let
viii. ment
ix. ness
x. ship
xi. y
1. careful _____
2. jealous _____
3. king _____
4. book _____
5. head _____
6. spoon____
7. polite ______
8. relation _____
9. man ______
10. drain _____
11. punish _____
12. free ______
13. crude _____
14. know _______
ANSWERS ( , )
1. careful _____NESS
2. jealous _____Y
3. king _____DOM
4. book _____LET
5. head _____
6. spoon_____FUL
7. polite ______ESS
8. relation _____SHIP
9. man ______KIND
10. drain _____AGE
11. punish _____MENT
12. free ______DOM
13. crude _____ NESS
14. know _______LEDGE
IV. IDIOMS AND PHRASES
Objective:
To enrich students vocabulary and expression with a selected list of idioms and phrases.
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. C
17. A
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. " turn up with flying colours" means
a. To succeed
b. To loose
c. to be honest
22. To pay a deaf ear is.
a. To listen attentively
b. To ignore
c. To pay unusual attention
23. To "hit the buffers means
a. To overcome problems
b. to face difficulties
c. to create problems
24. If you are "in the family way", you are ___.
a. shy
b. popular
c. pregnant
25. An apple of ones eye means
a. dear person
b. looks like an apple
c. a handsome person
26. To "Make Fanfare" means to
a. go quicker
b. make jubilation
c. make a party
27. To "join forces" means to ___.
a. fight
b. be strong
c. unite
28. To "go for broke" means to ___.
a. To risk
b. To take it easy
c. look for something
29. To "kick the bucket" means to ___.
a. get a job
b. lose something
c. die
30. To "lash out" means to ___.
a. shout at someone
b. relax
c. kick or punch someone
31. A "close call" means to
a. A secret call
b. A close accident
c. A hoax call
32. If it takes a "month of Sundays", it ___.
a. happens quickly
b. won't happen
c. feels like a long time
33. A death blow means
a. A situation which comes to an end
b. celebration
c. A gory accident
34. To "nail it down" means to ___.
a. start it
b. finalize it
c. talk about it
35. In this "neck of the woods" is ___.
a. the way we do something
b. around here
c. the way things were
36. "Never mind" means ___.
a. don't worry about it
b. pardon
c. why
37. "Box clever" means.
a. capable of everything
b. Being cunning in difficult situation
c. old enough
38. To "jazz up" means to ___.
a. go faster
b. make something more exciting
c. make a lot of noise
39. To "keep your chin up" means.
a. put away
b. to stay calm
c. send away
40. A "pain in the neck" means something is ___.
a. unusual
b. bothersome
c. difficult to see
41. If you are in "a catch 22 situation", you are ___.
a. brave
b. Extremely frustrating
c. confident
ANSWERS - I
21. A
22. B
23. B
24. C
25. A
26. B
27. C
28. A
29. C
30. A
31. B
32. C
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. A
37. B
38. B
39. B
40. B
41. B
PHRASES
Exercises on Phrases for Practice - I
1. When the accident took place, many people ___.
a. came out
b. set out
c. crowded around
2. Despite of being tired, they ___marching ahead.
a. kept on
b. continually
c. stopped
3. She must be an octogenarian. She is really ___.
a. getting on
b. bringing up
c. bringing forward
4. The man was ___ of jail early for good behavior.
a. let out
b. bent down
c. sent down
5. Can you ___ all right or should I get a ladder?
a. fall through
b. climb down
c. barge in
6. I am sorry that I am late. I got ___ in traffic.
a. lifted off
b. held down
c. caught up
7. I was so angry that I ___ in protest.
a. gave up
b. walked out
c. ran over
8. At the last everything ___ OK.
a. turned out
b. wore out
c. climb up
9. How did John ___ her eccentric manner.
a. come to
b. account for
c. jot down
10. The music show was ___ because of the bad weather.
a. called off
b. blacked out
c. turned off
ANSWERS - I
1. c 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a
Exercises on Phrases for Practice - II
Fill the blanks with Phrasal Verbs "Make/Pull"
1. Today we have scorching sun. Do you excuse if I pull ___ the roller blinds.
a. in
b. over
c. down
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. a
V. Words Often Confused
Objective:
To develop vocabulary of the students with a selected list of words often confused.
There are many English words which have close resemblance in spelling but do have different meanings.
Some of the most confused pair of words given below.
1. ADEPT Somebody who has expertise or good at something. ex: Stephen Hawking was an
adept Astro Physicist.
ADOPT - To adopt a child or to practice something. ex: The couple adopted two orphans last
week.
2. ACCEPT-to get or to agree. ex: Linda accepts Edwards proposal for their marriage.
EXCEPT-to leave something. ex: Take any fruit you want except mangoes.
3. AFFECT - to influence. ex: Working late hours affects the quality of your sleep.
EFFECT-n., result, v., to bring about ex: The government effected the change in its existing tax system.
4. ALLUSION - not direct reference. ex: The priest made an allusion to the Bible stories.
ILLUSION-a false notion or perception. ex: They saw an oasis in the desert but thought it could be a small
pond: that is a type of illusion one could find in the desert.
5. ASCENT- to go up. ex: John ascended his career ladder and became G.M. of his firm.
ASSENT- agreement. ex: The two rivals made an assent to maintain peace.
6. AMONG Used to refer more than two. Ex: The movie on an Orphan is the best among all the movies.
BETWEEN used when referred two objects. Ex. The father divided his property
between his two sons.
6. FEWER - Used for countable nouns Ex: The guests were fewer than expected.
LESS - Used for uncountable and abstract nouns. Ex: Peter has less anger than Mary.
7. HANGED: Means to put somebody to death. The gruesome criminals are generally hanged to death
HUNG to hang a picture or something to the wall. I hanged my photo to the wall.
7. Incredible or Incredulous
The movie's unlikely happy ending came to pass as the result of an incredulous series of lucky
accidents
8. Later or Latter
Tom and Dick were both heroes but only the ____ is remembered today
9. Pored/porous or Poured
Our unfenced and largely unpoliced border inevitably has been very ______.
10. Principal or Principle
A man of principle"; "he will not violate his _______
11. Shear or Sheer
In this ct throat competitive world, One could only get a job through ____persistence
12. Stationary or Stationery
The train passengers spent the night in the makeshift hotels of ____ carriages parked on railway
sidings.
13. Who or Whom
I am the only one _____ could survive in this ghastly earthquake.
14. Allusion or Illusion
They have the _____ that I am very wealthy and could influence anyone in society.
15. Aural or Oral
While visual learners prefer to learn information through charts and graphs, _____ learners prefer to
hear information.
16. Eminent or Imminent
All the _____ members of the community are going to appear on the screen tomorrow.
17. Fair or Fare
As how much________ we are supposed to pay to get a ticker.
18. Lead or Led
"We can chart our future clearly and wisely only when we know the path which has _____ to the
present.
19. Than or Then
The temperature of Africa is more _____ that of Asia.
20. There or Their
The two brothers divided _____ property equally.
21. Loose or Lose
Although she left her purse unattended on her seat she did not _____ it.
22. Miner or Minor
In spite of the gory accident they suffered only ______ injuries.