Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging Chemicals Section January 2000 FOREWORD Multi-component refrigerants are being used to replace several single compound refrigerants. Composition changes can occur when these mixtures are removed as liquid from containers, and these changes may be increased if more than one transfer occurs such as in repackaging. The composition changes depend on the zeotropic nature of the mixture. These handling issues are important to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), as refrigerant being charged into their equipment must be within specified tolerances. Table of Contents Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1 Scope..........................................................................................................................................1 Definitions ...................................................................................................................................1 Refrigerant Supply Chain.............................................................................................................2 Composition Change during Liquid Removal from Containers for Multi-component Refrigerant Mixtures ......................................................................................................................................2 Suggestions for Minimizing Composition Changes.......................................................................7 Handling of Series 400 (Zeotropic) Refrigerants...........................................................................8 Disclaimer ...................................................................................................................................9 References..................................................................................................................................9 TABLES Table 1. R-410A and R-407C Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers .................3 Table 2. R-507 and R-404A Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers...................3 FIGURES Figure 1. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-410A........................................................................................................................................4 Figure 2. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-407C........................................................................................................................................4 Figure 3. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-507..........................................................................................................................................5 Figure 4. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-404A........................................................................................................................................5 Figure 5. R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary and Second Containers ...............................................................................................................6 Figure 6. R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary and Second Containers .7 APPENDIX Appendix: Summary of Liquid Draw Calculations .......................................................................10 January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 1 1. Purpose This document is intended to provide information for repackagers and users on the proper handling and repackaging of multi-component refrigerants. This is important since the refrigerant being charged into equipment must be within tolerances specified in ASHRAE Standard 34. 2. Scope This document provides some general information on the fractionation of refrigerant blends and the situations under which it will occur. It also provides guidance on how to transfer multi- component refrigerants to minimize fractionation. Information on fractionation of specific blends during liquid draw is included in an appendix. 3. Definitions Azeotrope: A mixture of volatile substances whose equilibrium vapor-phase and liquid-phase compositions are the same at a specific pressure. Azeotropic temperature: The temperature at which the liquid and vapor phases of a blend have the same mole fraction of each component at equilibrium for a specified pressure. Blends: Refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or more different chemical compounds. Bubble point: The liquid saturation temperature of a refrigerant; the temperature at which a liquid refrigerant first begins to boil. Dew point: The vapor saturation temperature of a refrigerant; the temperature at which the last drop of liquid refrigerant boils; also the temperature where the refrigerant just begins to condense. Fractionation: A change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the more volatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s). Glide: The absolute value of the difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a phase-change process by a refrigerant blend, exclusive of any subcooling or superheating. This term usually describes condensation or evaporation of a zeotrope. Temperature difference between the bubble point and dew point. Near azeotrope: A zeotropic blend with a temperature glide sufficiently small that it may be disregarded without consequential error in analysis for a specific application. Nominal composition: The composition of a refrigerant blend as specified in ASHRAE 34 Table 2. Nonazeotrope: See zeotrope. Refrigerant: Fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigeration system, which absorbs heat at a low temperature and a low pressure of the fluid and rejects heat at a higher temperature and a higher pressure of the fluid usually involving changes of the phase of the fluid. Temperature glide: See glide Zeotrope: A blend comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used in refrigeration cycles, change composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil) or condense at a constant pressure. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 2 4.Refrigerant Supply Chain The supply of refrigerants starts from the manufacturers. The blends are mixed in large storage tanks and analyzed for purity and composition. At this point the product may be transferred into iso-containers (18,000 liter containers that can hold ~30,000 lbs of refrigerant) in which large quantities of refrigerant are shipped either domestically or internationally for later packaging at other installations. Composition and purity are again verified in the iso-container. Another option is tank trucks or railroad cars for bulk shipment to OEMs. However, much of the refrigerant is packaged at the refrigerant manufacturers site into small disposable (nominally 25 to 30 lbs.) or refillable cylinders (nominally 100 to 125 lbs.). Currently, the most popular method for transporting refrigerant blends outside North America is to use the large iso-container. These containers are shipped overseas to Europe, Asia, and other parts of the world. Generally, the refrigerant from the iso-containers are transferred (often at a refrigerant manufacturers remote location) into small ton tanks (900-liter vessels) where they are shipped to various distributors. At these distributor locations the product is again transferred into smaller service cylinders (12, 26, or 60-liter vessels). Most equipment is charged from these service cylinders. Some large installations may utilize the ton cylinders directly. Also, larger distributors of more popular refrigerants may receive the iso-containers directly and fill the service cylinders without the intermediate step of filling the ton cylinders. This method of product delivery, which involves multiple transfers, offers the most challenges for composition control. Equipment manufacturers generally receive refrigerant in bulk shipments from the refrigerant manufacturer. They have an on-site bulk storage tank that is periodically filled from either tank trucks or in some cases railroad cars. The refrigerant is then pumped to charging stations that fill the air conditioning or refrigeration equipment. Although it can be controlled, there is potential for significant shifts of composition in this product delivery system as well. Most of the refrigerant that is sold to the installation and service contractors in North America is packaged at the refrigerant manufacturers plant. The refrigerant is transferred from the large storage tanks to cylinder filling lines. This method of product delivery presents the least likelihood of composition shifts since the composition is controlled at the manufacturers site. 5.Composition Change during Liquid Removal from Containers for Multicomponent Refrigerant Mixtures 5.1 Introduction To understand the potential composition changes during handling processes such as liquid removal from containers, including refilling of storage tanks, a computer model was used. Model calculated numbers were verified by comparison with experimental data from liquid removal tests. Examples of composition changes are shown for four refrigerant mixtures: R-410A, R-407C, R- 404A, and R-507. The calculated numbers indicate that refrigerant mixtures can have composition changes during the handling procedures that lead to out-of-specification compositions. Special attention is required to maintain compositions within specifications during the different handling procedures. A complete listing of ASHRAE designated refrigerant mixtures with possible composition changes during liquid removal from containers is located in the Appendix. 5.2 Liquid Removal from Containers Tables 1 and 2 have the calculated composition changes as liquid is removed from containers of R-410A, R-407C, R-507, and R-404A. Beginning liquid levels are at 85%, going down to 2% liquid level. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 3 Table 1. R-410A and R-407C Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers (Calculations made at 25 C isothermal conditions) R-410A (wt %) R-407C (wt %) % Liquid Level R-32 R-125 R-32 R-125 R-134a 85 50.00 50.00 23.0 25.0 52.0 50 49.92 50.08 22.8 24.9 52.3 40 49.89 50.11 22.7 24.8 52.5 30 49.85 50.15 22.6 24.7 52.7 20 49.80 50.20 22.5 24.6 52.9 15 49.76 50.24 22.3 24.6 53.1 10 49.72 50.28 22.2 24.5 53.3 5 49.66 50.34 22.0 24.4 53.6 2 49.61 50.39 21.9 24.2 53.9 ASHRAE composition tolerances for R-410A are +0.5,-1.5% for R-32 and +1.5,-0.5% for R-125 (from the 50/50 wt% nominal composition); for R-407C the composition tolerances are +/-2% for all three components from the 23/25/52 wt% nominal composition. If we consider the lowest liquid level at 5%, then the R-410A composition change would be 0.34% and the highest R-407C composition change would be 1.6%. These changes indicate that supplying R-407C at the nominal composition could result in some refrigerant leaving the container being near the edge of the specification (54% R-134A). Therefore, R-407C manufacturing specification should be set at no higher than 52% R-134a. If a repackaging situation is considered such as iso-container or ton tank to a smaller container such as a 100 lb cylinder or 30 lb disposable cylinder, the composition changes from the small containers could be higher, suggesting an even tighter manufacturing specification for R-134a in R-407C. Table 2. R-507 and R-404A Compositions during Liquid Removal from Containers (Calculations made at 25 C isothermal conditions) R-507 (wt %) R-404A (wt %) % Liquid Level R125 R143a R125 R143a R134a 85 50.00 50.00 44.00 52.00 4.00 50 49.96 50.04 43.95 52.01 4.04 40 49.95 50.05 43.93 52.01 4.06 30 49.93 50.07 43.89 52.02 4.09 20 49.90 50.10 43.86 52.02 4.12 15 49.88 50.12 43.84 52.03 4.13 10 49.86 50.14 43.81 52.03 4.16 5 49.84 50.16 43.75 52.03 4.22 2 49.81 50.19 43.72 52.04 4.24 The proposed ASHRAE tolerances for R-507 are +0.5/-1.5% for R-143a and +1.5/-0.5% for R- 125. On the other hand, the UL specifications are 49.9-50.9% for R-125 and 49.1-50.1% for R- 143a. This can be stated as 50.4 +/-0.5% for R125 and 49.6 +/-0.5% for R143a. For R-404A, the nominal composition is 44/52/4 wt%, with UL specifications being +/-1% for each component. ASHRAE specifications are +/-2% for R-125 and R-134a, and +/-1% for R-143a. R-507, R-404A, and R-410A have less composition shift than R-407C as can be seen by the composition changes in Tables 1 and 2. However, these changes must be taken into consideration when establishing manufacturing specifications. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 4 refill refill 5.3 Storage Tank Liquid Removal and Refilling Calculations were made for typical OEM procedures of refrigerant removal from storage tanks for charging into equipment and storage tank refilling. We assumed an OEM storage tank of 6600 gallon and a tank truck of 5000 gallon. The storage tank was operated within liquid levels of 80% to 15%. The tank truck arrived with 85% liquid level and transfers were made with vapor line equalization. (Note: we also made calculations for transfers without vapor line equalization and for the cases we describe in this report, there was essentially no difference - less than 0.1 wt%). All liquid was transferred from the tank truck to the storage tank. Figure 1 illustrates the composition changes for R-32 and R-125 in R-410A during storage tank liquid removal from 80% to 15% liquid level, followed by refilling to 80% level with refrigerant from the tank truck having the liquid composition of 50/50. wt% R-32/R-125. Figure 1. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-410A R-32/R-125 compositions in weight percent The maximum change in composition is 0.3% at 15% liquid level, and the composition change stabilizes after the second refilling of the OEM storage tank. The compositions are well within the specifications of 48.5 - 50.5% for R-32 and 49.5 - 51.5% for R-125. Figure 2 illustrates the compositions of R-32, R-125, and R-134a in R-407C during liquid removal from 80% to 15% liquid level, followed by refilling to 80% level with refrigerant from the tank truck having a liquid composition of 23/25/52 wt% R-32/R-125/R-134a. Vapor line equalization assumed at 25C. Figure 2. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-407C R-32/R-125/R-134a compositions in weight percent 80 % liquid level 15% liquid level 50.00/50.00 49.80/50.20 49.95/50.05 49.70/50.30 49.94/50.06 49.70/50.30 80 % liquid level 15% liquid level 23.0/25.0/52.0 22.3/24.6/53.1 22.9/24.9/52.2 22.2/24.5/53.3 22.8/24.9/52.3 22.2/24.5/53.3 refill refill January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 5 The maximum change in composition is 1.3% R-134a at 15% liquid level, and the composition stabilizes after the second refilling of the OEM storage tank. The compositions are within the R- 407C specifications. Figure 3 illustrates the compositions of R-125 and R-143a in R-507 during the same liquid removal and refilling operations. The maximum change in composition is 0.14%. Figure 3. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-507 R-125/R-143a compositions in weight percent Figure 4 illustrates the compositions of R-125, R-143a, and R-134a in R-404A during the liquid removal and refilling operation. The maximum change in composition is 0.19% for R-125. Figure 4. OEM Storage Tank: Composition Changes during Liquid Removal and Refilling of R-404A
R-125/R-143a/R-134a compositions in weight percent 5.4 Refrigerant Transfers to Smaller Containers We can also illustrate graphically the composition changes that can occur when transferring liquid from one storage container to a second container, followed by liquid removal from the second container. In the next figure (Figure 5), we illustrate the R-134a compositions of a primary container of R-407C (initially having R-134a composition of 52.0%) which is used to fill other containers. The primary container liquid level has been reduced to 50% at which point transfer to the second container begins. The second container is filled to 85% level, with the R-134a concentration in the second container being at 52.4%. As liquid is removed from the second container, the R-134a concentration begins to increase, but staying within the maximum specification of 54% R-134a down to 5% liquid level. 80 % liquid level 15% liquid level 50.00/50.00 49.89/50.11 49.97/50.03 49.86/50.14 49.97/50.03 49.86/50.14 refill refill 80 % liquid level 15% liquid level 44.00/52.00/4.00 43.86/52.02/4.12 43.96/52.01/4.03 43.82/52.03/4.15 43.95/52.01/4.04 43.81/52.03/4.16 refill refill January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 6 We now describe (Figure 6) refrigerant transfers when the primary container has been reduced to lower levels of refrigerant. If liquid is taken from the primary container at the 20% level, R-134a concentration in the second container will initially be at 53%. Refrigerant in this second container will be above the R-134a composition specification when refrigerant liquid has been removed down to a liquid level of 18%. If liquid from the primary container at 5% liquid level is used to fill containers, the second container compositions will initially be at 53.7% R-134a, and will be above the R-134a specification when refrigerant liquid has been removed down to a liquid level of 50%. FIGURE 5 R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary and Second Containers 51 51.5 52 52.5 53 53.5 54 54.5 55 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % Liquid Level in Primary and Second Containers W t . %
R - 1 3 4 a Primary Container R-134a Spec.Max. Second Container filled to 85%level with liquid from Primary Container at 50% liquid level January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 7 FIGURE 6 6.Suggestions for Minimizing Composition Changes Fractionation of blended refrigerants can be minimized by following proper handling techniques. Initially, make sure that the system being charged is not leaking. Slow leaks, especially from the vapor phase, can cause composition changes. By careful leak checking and prompt leak repair, leaks will have a reduced effect on refrigerant composition. The liquid and vapor phases in a container are not necessarily at the same composition. Since the intended composition is that of the liquid, filling should always be done from the liquid phase. This will minimize compositional changes resulting from the transfer. Operations such as bulk transfer to storage tanks could affect the composition of zeotropic blends due to fractionation (see Section 5). Vapor equalization is sometimes used when refilling a tank with a bulk delivery. Here, the refrigerant is unloaded by using a liquid pump to move the liquid product to a secondary tank while the top of the primary and secondary tanks are interconnected by another hose to allow refrigerant vapor to move from one vessel to the other 1 . Vapor equalization will have minimal impact on fractionation, but care should be exercised to avoid contamination of the delivery tank with a different refrigerant. R-407C: Composition Change with Liquid Draw from Primary and Second Containers 51.5 52 52.5 53 53.5 54 54.5 55 55.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % Liquid Level in Primary and Second Containers W t . %
R - 1 3 4 a Primary Container R-134a Spec.Max. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 8 The ambient temperature, amount of refrigerant remaining, etc. can impact blend composition. As already shown in Figures 5 and 6, it may not always be possible to use all the refrigerant liquid in the container and stay within ASHRAE composition specifications (also see Section 7.4). Ideally, analytical equipment, particularly a gas chromatograph, should be used to verify the liquid composition of a refrigerant blend. Refrigerant manufacturers can assist customers with procedures for transferring refrigerant blends. The extent of composition change can be minimized by careful adherence to proper procedures. 7. Handling of Series 400 (Zeotropic) Refrigerants 7.1 System Leakage and recharging Leaks in systems occur either while the system is operating or while the system is off. The worst case change in refrigerant composition (fractionation) is when the leak occurs while the system is off. In typical refrigeration systems the circulating composition of all blended refrigerants can change from the nominal composition. Experience has shown that small changes in refrigerant composition have a negligible effect on performance in the vast majority of systems since refrigerant performance is not very sensitive to changes in composition. Recharging the system with the original composition of a zeotropic refrigerant after leakage typically results in small changes in the composition of the refrigerant in the system. Performance changes are usually very small, on the order of only several percent in both capacity and COP. Systems operating with minimal superheat are sensitive to refrigerant composition changes. These systems should have the superheat checked after recharging. 7.2 System Charging When both liquid and vapor are present in a cylinder containing a series 400 refrigerant, the saturated vapor composition can be significantly different than the liquid composition. This means that only liquid should be removed from the container for charging into systems. Cylinders not fitted with dip-tubes should be inverted to allow liquid charging to take place. If vapor charging is required, a throttling valve or equivalent must be used on the cylinder outlet to vaporize the liquid refrigerant before it enters the system. 7.3 Liquid and Vapor Composition in Containers The composition of the liquid refrigerant in the cylinder changes slightly as liquid refrigerant is removed but this is not normally significant until the cylinder is almost empty (typically in the range of 5 to 15% liquid). The composition of the vapor in the cylinder will be different from the liquid composition and should not be used to charge systems. 7.4 Liquid Filling from Container to System Different filling procedures apply depending on the ambient temperature and the relative size of the filling container in combination with the refrigeration system being charged. In general terms if the container of 400 series refrigerant remains below 85F during the charging process, the composition of refrigerant blend added to the system remains nearly constant as the container is emptied. The following procedures also apply; (a) If a large container is used to fill many smaller systems most of the liquid (85 to 95%) may be used. Beyond this point, the liquid composition should be verified per ARI Standard 700. The vapor in the container should not be used to charge a system. The refrigerant blend remaining in the container should be returned as a heel for reclaim. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 9 (b) Where the size of the container and the system being charged are comparable in size, it is possible to use all the contents of the container. As a guide, if the refrigeration system can be filled entirely from the last 20% of the cylinder contents then the composition filled into the system will be within specification. (c) For large refrigeration systems, one or more full containers can be emptied completely (leaving a slight positive pressure) without any measurable change in composition. Disclaimer All Information contained in this document is believed to be accurate but is made without guaranty or warranty of any kind either express or implied. Users must satisfy themselves that this information is entirely suitable for their purpose and process. Users assume all responsibility through use or application of the information herein. Statements concerning use of this information do not grant a license under any patent and do not recommend the infringement of any patent. References 1- P. Pieczarka and J. Lavelle, 1996, Storage, Bulk Transfer, and In-Plant Handling of Zeotropic Refrigerant Blends, Proceedings of the 1996 International Refrigeration Conference at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 107-112. January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 10 Appendix SUMMARY OF LIQUID DRAW CALCULATIONS Composition changes resulting from the liquid draw calculations have either been provided by the manufacturers or calculated by members of the ARI Chemicals Engineering Committee. The information has been provided for references purposes only and should be treated as such. Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance (Wt%) @ 25 o C for 85% to 5% (Wt%) Liquid (Wt%) R-401A R-22: 53 1.1 +/-2 R-152a:13 +0.28 +0.5, -1.5 R-124: 34 +0.82 +/-1 R-401B R-22: 61 1.0 +/-2 R-152a:11 +0.27 +0.5, -1.5 R-124: 28 +0.78 +/-1 R-402A R-22: 38 +0.67 +/-2 R-125: 60 -0.63 +/-2 R-290: 2 -0.04 +/-1 R-402B R-22: 60 +0.71 +/-2 R-125: 38 -0.64 +/-2 R-290: 2 -0.04 +/-1 R-403B R-22: 56 +0.51 +/-2 R-218: 39 -0.59 +/-2 R-290: 5 -0.08 +0.2, -2 R-404A R-125: 44 -0.25 +/-2 R-143a:52 +0.03 +/-1 R-134a: 4 +0.22 +/-2 R-405A R-22: 45 +0.67 +/-2 R-152a:7 -0.48 +/-1 R-142b:5.5 +0.1 +/-1 RC318:42.5 -0.29 +/-2 R-406A R-22: 55 -1.46 +/-2 R-600a:4 0.0 +/-1 R-142b:41 +1.46 +/-1 R-407A R-32: 20 -0.56 +/-2 R-125: 40 -0.69 +/-2 R-134a:40 +1.25 +/-2 R-407B R-32: 10 -0.29 +/-2 R-125: 70 -0.58 +/-2 R-134a:20 +0.87 +/-2 January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 11 Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance (Wt%) @ 25 o C for 85% to 5% (Wt%) Liquid (Wt%) R-407C R-32: 23 -1.0 +/-2 R-125: 25 -0.6 +/-2 R-134a:52 +1.6 +/-2 R-407D R-32: 15 -0.53 +/-2 R-125: 15 -0.45 +/-2 R-134a:70 +0.98 +/-2 R-407E R-32: 25 -0.77 +/-2 R-125: 15 -0.38 +/-2 R-134a:60 +1.15 +/-2 R-408A R-125: 7 -0.16 +/-2 R-143a:46 -0.39 +/-1 R-22: 47 +0.55 +/-2 R-409A R-22: 60 -1.56 +/-2 R-124: 25 +0.8 +/-2 R-142b:15 +0.75 +/-1 R-409B R-22: 65 -1.46 +/-2 R-124: 25 +0.9 +/-2 R-142b:10 +0.55 +/-1 R-410A R-32: 50 -0.35 +0.5, -1.5 R-125: 50 +0.35 +1.5, -0.5 R-411A R-1270:1.5 -0.07 +0, -1 R-22: 87.5 +0.75 +2, -0 R-152a:11 -0.68 +0, -1 R-411B R-1270:3 -0.14 +0, -1 R-22: 94 +0.97 +2, -0 R-152a:3 -0.83 +0, -1 R-411C R-1270:3 -0.14 +0, -0.5 R-22: 95.5 +0.38 +1, -0 R-152a:1.5 -0.25 +0, -0.5 R-412A R-22: 70 -0.55 +/-2 R-218: 5 -0.36 +/-2 R-142b:25 +0.91 +/-1 R-413A R-218: 9 -0.9 +/-1 R-134a:88 +1.09 +/-2 R-600a:3 -0.19 +0,-1 R-414A R-22: 51 -1.48 +/-2 R-124: 28.5 +0.84 +/-2 R-600a:4 -0.01 +/-0.5 R-142b:16.5 +0.65 +0.5, -1 January 2000 Refrigerant Blends: Composition Changes During Refrigerant Transfer and Equipment Charging 12 Refrigerant Nominal Composition Composition Change Tolerance (Wt%) @ 25 o C for 85% to 5% (Wt%) Liquid (Wt%) R-414B R-22: 50 -1.48 +/-2 R-124: 39 +1.13 +/-2 R-600a:1.5 -0.01 +/-0.5 R-142b:9.5 +0.36 +0.5, -1 R-416A R-134a:59 -0.83 +0.5, -1 R-124: 39.5 +0.88 +1, -0.5 R-600: 1.5 -0.05 +0.0, -0.3 R-507 * R-125: 50 -0.17 +1.5, -0.5 R-143a:50 +0.2 +0.5, -1.5 R-508A R-23: 39 -0.26 +/-2 R-116: 61 +0.26 +/-2 R-508B R-23: 46 -0.33 +/-2 R-116: 54 +0.33 +/-2 R-509A R-22: 44 -0.16 +/-2 R-218: 56 +0.16 +/-2
* The listed tolerances for R-507were proposed to ASHRAE and have not yet been published.