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DP Geography Revision

CORE Patterns and Change



2. Disparities in wealth and development


Task 1:

Indices of wealth and development

Single index measures:

(i) Indices of Infant Mortality: The number of infants under one year old in a given year
per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level
of health in a country. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#E

(ii) Indices of Education Literacy Rate: There are no universal definitions and
standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most
common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing
the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and
write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a
perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available
and valid for international comparisons. Low levels of literacy, and education
in general, can impede the economic development of a country in the current
rapidly changing, technology-driven world.
Indices of education - Education Expenditure: provides the public expenditure on
education as a percent of GDP.

(iii) Indices of Nutrition Malnutrition prevalence, height for age (% of
children under 5): Prevalence of child malnutrition is the percentage of
children under the age of 5 whose height for age (stunting) is more than two
standard deviations below the median for the international reference
population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is
measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by
stature while standing.

(iv) Indices of Income Gross National Income: (now used in preference to gross
national productGNP). The total value of goods and services produced within a
country together with the balance of income and payments from or to other countries.


Go to http://www.kmlfactbook.org/#&db=ciafb&table=2002&col=2008&
Refresh your memory on the levels of infant mortality, literacy rates, expenditure on
education, malnutrition prevalence and measurements of height for age ( of children
under 5) for the following countries: Uganda, Niger, USA, China, France, Australia.
Makes notes and create a table with the results.

Task 2: Multiple index measures of wealth and development
What is HDI? What 3 measures make up the HDI? Describe global patterns in HDI.
Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using HDI as a means of measuring
disparities.

http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi


Task 3.
Origins of disparities
Review modernisation theory (Rostow) dependency theory, world systems theory.
Case study: South Africa. Use the report that we prepared as a group.
https://docs.google.com/a/isumail.ac.ug/document/d/10c4jCF3UHxpBA-
GgjxCWto_1NN1Zw581vZY4KXr13-8/edit
With reference to S.A. Explain the disparities that occur within countries resulting from
ethnicity, residence, parental education, income, employment (formal and informal) and
land ownership.

It is not only developing countries that suffer from extreme wealth inequality, developed
countries also experience this problem. The wealth divide in the USA is extreme.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPKKQnijnsM



Task 4:
What are the patterns and trends of regional and global disparities of life expectancy,
education and income?
Video: Hans Roslings 200 countries, 200 years, in four minutes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo&feature=player_embedded



Task 6:
Millennium development goals.
Note all the goals and targets. Evaluate progress towards the MDGs. Focus on goals 1, 2,
4, 6.
Overview:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npGOcqaJkXI
Also use your essay. Notes and articles on manageBac.


Task 7. Evaluate the role of trade (incl. fair trade), market access, debt relief, and aid.
Use the tables you completed in class and your IB Study guide to help you.

Exam question practice: Disparities in Wealth and Development
Using an example at a regional scale, explain the changing patterns and trends in life expectancy.
[6 marks]
Explain the trends seen in the global disparities of income. [6 marks]

Explain either the patterns in regional or global disparities in education. [6 marks]
Explain how debt relief and aid may reduce disparities. [6 Marks]

Explain how trade and remittances may reduce disparities. [6 Marks]

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