HONORS CHEMISTRY

SUMMER 2014
While the Bohr Model correctly positions electrons
into energy levels, the true locations of electrons
arent shown.
Instead of electrons following a set
circular path around the nucleus, they are
randomly found in regions of space we
call orbitals.
This model uses probability functions to calculate
an area of space that takes a specific shape around
the nucleus.
The orbital is the region where these
electrons are found approximately 90% of
the time.
Principal Quantum Numbers:
Show relative sizes and energy of orbital
sublevels n = 1 (1st level)
n = 2 (2nd level)
n = 3 (3rd level)
n = 4 (4th level)
What is the principal energy level for the
outermost electron in the following element?
What is the principal energy level for the
outermost electron in the following element?
What is the principal energy level for the
outermost electron in the following element?
Different orbitals have different shapes and
sizes.
Additional shapes are possible for orbitals in
the same energy sublevel.
There is a pattern to the location where the electrons
are found on the periodic table.
In which orbital sublevel would you find the final
electron for the atom below?
A) 4s
B) 3s
C) 3p
D) 2p
In which orbital sublevel would you find the final
electron for the atom below?
A) 2s
B) 3s
C) 3p
D) 4p
In which orbital sublevel would you find the final
electron for the atom below?
A) 4d
B) 4s
C) 3d
D) 4p
In which orbital sublevel would you find the final
electron for the atom below?
A) 5f
B) 5d
C) 7f
D) 7s
The type of orbital being filled
determines the number of orbitals
available in a sublevel.
s: only 1 orbital per sublevel
p: 3 orbitals per sublevel
d: 5 orbitals per sublevel
f: 7 orbitals per sublevel
Once an orbital sublevel is filled, the next electron is
placed in the next sublevel up.
1) The Aufbau Principle:
an electron will occupy the lowest energy position
possible (Think 2-8-8 Rule)
2) Pauli Exclusion Principle:
A single orbital can hold at most 2 electrons
(with opposite spin).
3) Hunds Rule:
An electron will fill an unoccupied orbital in an
energy sublevel before sharing an orbital with
another electron.
Orbital diagrams use the electron filling principles
to show the number of orbitals that are filled,
partially filled, or empty.
Arrows represent electrons with up or
down spin in an orbital.
True or False:
the correct orbital diagram for sulfur is shown
below
True or False:
the correct orbital diagram for vanadium is shown
below
True or False:
the correct orbital diagram for copper is shown
below
Youll notice that if you show every electron being
filled, larger atoms would take a very long time to
draw.
We have electron configurations to help
simplify that process.
Electron configurations abbreviate an
orbital sublevel with the sublevel-type-
number notation.
2p
4
Full electron configurations show all orbital
sublevels in the order the electrons are filled up.
Shortened (noble gas) configurations start with the
last noble gas electron filled and then the remaining
electrons.
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
[Ne]3s
2
3p
4
Which of the following
is the correct electron
configuration for
oxygen?
A) 1s
2
2p
6
B) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
C) 2p
4
Which of the following
is the correct electron
configuration for
potassium?
A) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1

B) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
7

C) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
Which of the following
is the correct electron
configuration for
molybdenum?
A) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
5s
2
4d
4


B) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
4d
10
4p
6
5s
2
5d
4

C) 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6
5s
1
4d
5

Which of the following is
the correct short-form
electron configuration for
silicon?
A) [Ne] 3p
2

B) [Ne] 3s
2
3p
2

C) [Ar] 3s
2
3p
2

Which of the following is
the correct short-form
electron configuration for
chromium?
A) [Ar] 4s
2
3d
4

B) [Kr] 4s
2
3d
4

C) [Ar] 4s
1
3d
5

Which of the following is
the correct short-form
electron configuration for
lead?
A) [Xe] 6s
2
4f
14
5d
10
6p
2

B) [Xe] 6s
2
5d
10
6p
2

C) [Xe] 6s
2
6p
2

Lewis symbols show the element symbol
surrounded by only electrons that fill the outer s
& p orbitals.
Li C Al
Cl
Draw the Lewis Symbol for each of the following
atoms:
Ba N
Pb Ag