Name:

Number:

14/11/2012
EENG 451 High Voltage Techniques
Eastern Mediterranean University
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Midterm Exam 1, 2012
Q1. The outer radius of a concentric spherical electrode system is r
2
= 25 cm = constant. The system is
dimensioned with regard to the optimum breakdown case. There is an insulator gas in between spheres
with a breakdown strength of E
b
= 75 kV/cm (the relative dielectric constant of gases is
r
= 1).
a. Determine the capacitance and maximum voltage that can be applied for this system.
b. Determine maximum and minimum electric field strength if the applied voltage is U = 100 kV.
c. Determine the actual electrode separation, d; effective electrode separation, and utilization
factor, for this electrode system (
0
= 8,854 10
-12
F/m).
Solution:
Optimum case with regard to breakdown:

a. Capacitance and Maximum voltage

b. Electric Field calculations

c. Actual electrode separation

Effective electrode separation

Utilization factor

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total




Q2. In a three layered, uniformly stressed bushing, radii of cylinders in this system are: r
1
= 0.5 cm, r
2
= 2
cm, r
2
= 4 cm, r
4
= 8 cm and relative dielectric constants of layers are
r1
= 1,
r2
= 3,
r3
= 6, the length of
the first layer is l
1
= 100 cm and the applied voltage is 100 kV.
a. Determine lengths of 2
nd
and 3
rd
layer.
b. Calculate voltages across each layer.
c. Calculate maximum field strengths across each layer.
d. Calculate the capacitance of the system.
Solution:
a. Uniformly stressed condition:

b. capacitances are connected in series:

Voltage across the 1
st
layer:

Voltage across the 2
nd
layer:

Voltage across the 3
rd
layer:

c. Maximum electric fields across each layer:

Uniformly stressed:

d. Equivalent capacitance of the system:

Q3. An insulation environment consists of polyethylene (
r1
= 1) and air (
r2
= 2.3). Electric field vector
comes to the interface with an angle of 55 through polyethylene.
a. Determine the refraction angles of electric field lines and equipotential lines.
b. If electric field strength in polyethylene is E
1
= 90 kV/cm, determine electric field strength in air,
E
2
; normal and tangential components of E
1
and E
2
.
c. Does air have a breakdown considering breakdown strength of air is 30 kV/cm?
Solution:
a.






b.

c.

2

E
t1

E
t2

E
n1

E
n2

E
1

E
2

Interface
Equipotential lines

E
1
= 90 kV/cm

1
= 90 55 = 35

1
= 90
1
= 55

2
= 16.932

2
= 90
2
= 73.068



Q4.
a. In a sphere-sphere (identical spheres) electrode system, using approximated field calculation
determine the breakdown voltage. Radii of the spheres are 2.5 cm, electrode separation is 0.2
cm and breakdown strength of air is 30 kV/cm (k = 0.9).

b. In the region given as Figure 1, V
3
= V
4
= 0 V (grounded); V
5
= 22 kV; V
6
= V
7
= 88 kV; V
8
= 44 kV.
Determine the potentials at point 1 and point 2 by Finite Element Method.






Figure 1

[


] [

] [

] [

] [

]
1
2
5
6 7
8
4 3
d = 0.2 cm
r
r = 2.5 cm
U