AITAZAZ AHSAN 1

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

To observe the influence of variations of mass on bifilar suspension.
Apparatus:
Mechanical vibration apparatus
Bifilar suspension
Masses
Stop watch
Level gauge






Bifilar suspension
Procedure:

Set up the apparatus making sure that the two threads are parallel.
Weigh the mass of rod with the help of digital weight balance.
Without adding any mass, displace the rod (mass of rod=400g) in the horizontal plane and
release it.
Record the time for 20 oscillations (T20) by using a stop watch and hence calculate the
period (T) by using the formula
o T=T20/20
Add a mass of100g, again record time for 20 oscillations (T20) and hence calculate the
period (T).
Repeat above procedure by adding a mass of 300g.
Observations and calculations
SR# Length of
bifilar
suspension
mm
Mass of bifilar
suspension
gm
T
20
secs T=T
20
/20 secs
1 580 400 22.18 1.109
2 580 500 21.91 1.09
3 580 800 21.97 1.09

AITAZAZ AHSAN 2

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Precautions
Apply smaller displacements
Time of vibrations should be noted correctly
There should be no disturbing factor

Result:
There is no difference in variation of mass on bifilar suspension as time period remain same.


To Find Spring Constant k
Apparatus:
Mechanical vibration apparatus
Masses
Verneir caliper
Steel rule
Stop watch
Springs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1.085 1.09 1.095 1.1 1.105 1.11 1.115
length of bifilar
suspension mm
time period t secs
graph between length of bifilar suspension &
time period
Series1

AITAZAZ AHSAN 3

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Procedure:
Set the apparatus according to the experiment
Hang two springs at a distance on mechanical vibration apparatus
Now hang two different masses on the spring
As the masses are hanged elongation will produce in the springs
Measure the elongation in the springs
From these elongations calculate the spring constant by formula
k=m2-m1/x2-x1 (g)
Repeat experiment thrice
Observations and calculations
Sr# Mass m
1
gm.
Mass m
2
gm.
Elongation
x
1
mm
Elongation x
2
mm
k=m
2
-
m
1
/x
2
-x
1

(g)

1 0 100 65 66 98
2 100 200 66 68 49
3



Precautions:
Do not overload the springs otherwise it will cause permanent elongation
Do not add masses simultaneously
measure elongations very carefully






AITAZAZ AHSAN 4

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04


To find the natural frequency of an un damped free vibration systems using mechanical
vibration apparatus. Compare theoretical and experimental results.

Apparatus:
Beam
Spring
Stud
Nut
Plotter
Pen
Pen holder

Theory:

We know
Disturbing torque= -Restoring force
Jo
..
= -Fa
Jo
..
+ Fa=0
Where F=kx
Jo=ML
2
/3
ML
2
/3+(kx)a=0
From figure
x=asin
x=a
ML
2

..
/3+k (a) a=0
ML
2

..
/3+a
2
k=0

Dividing by ML
2
/3 to remove coefficient of
..


+ a
2
k/ ML
2
/3=0

..
+ 3a
2
k/ ML
2
=0
Therefore by comparing

2
n=3a
2
k/ ML
2
n= 3a
2
k/ ML
2
=2f
fn=1/2(3ka2/ml
2
)
2


AITAZAZ AHSAN 5

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Procedure:

Set the apparatus and note down the values of length of beam (L), mass of beam (M)
and stiffness of spring (K) which are constant.
Note down the value of distance a i.e. position of spring.
Set the plotter.
Displace the beam vertically down and start the plotter and stop watch just at the
moment the beam is released.
Note down the time and count the number of waves on plotter.
Calculate the theoretical value of natural frequency by using formula,
Calculate the experimental value of natural frequency by using formula
fn

=W/T
Where,
W is no. of waves on plotter.
T is total time.
Calculate the difference of experimental and theoretical value of natural frequency of an
un damped free vibration system.

AITAZAZ AHSAN 6

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04
Observations and calculations
Precautions
Calculate the number waves very carefully
Start the stop watch as the plotter start plotting waves
Result
Comparison of theoretical and experimental values of natural frequency of an un damped free
vibration system shows little difference which may be due to personal error in taking readings and
natural frequency an un damped free vibration system can be changed by changing the position of
the spring.




Sr
No.
L
(mm)

M
(kg)
K
(N/mm)
a
(mm)
fn
=1/2
3ka
2
/
ML
2
(Hz)
No. of
waves
on
plotter
(W)
Total
Time
T
(sec)
fn

=W/T
(Hz )
Difference
1. 730 1.68 750 650 5.186 4.5 0.97 4.639
0.547
2. 730 1.68 750 600 4.787 6.5 1.66 3.916
0.871
3. 730 1.68 750 550 4.388 9 2.50 3.6
0.788

AITAZAZ AHSAN 7

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Determination of Natural Frequencies of Free Damped Oscillations



AITAZAZ AHSAN 8

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04





AITAZAZ AHSAN 9

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Torsional Vibrations


AITAZAZ AHSAN 10

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04


AITAZAZ AHSAN 11

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04








AITAZAZ AHSAN 12

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04

Forced Vibrations with Negligible Damping

AITAZAZ AHSAN 13

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04


AITAZAZ AHSAN 14

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04


AITAZAZ AHSAN 15

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04






AITAZAZ AHSAN 16

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04


AITAZAZ AHSAN 17

AITAZAZ AHSAN 10-ME-04