International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014

ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page175

Enhancing TCP Performance Over Wireless Networks
Using TCP-LBA Techniques

Savreet Kaur Brar, MTech CSE Student, Chandigarh Engineering College Landran (Mohali)
Sandeep Singh Kang, HOD CSE, Chandigarh Engineering College Landran (Mohali)

Abstract: There are many researches in
the Networking especially in TCP protocols;
when you move on wireless networks then
many techniques improve the performances
of this TCP protocol. To managing the TCP
connection is also a very big challenge so in
this paper we try to improve the
performance of the wireless networks we
use an TCP-LBA (Transmission Control
Protocol Loss based Acknowledgment)
technique for handling the unwanted losses
in the wireless networks and to maintain the
connectivity in between each node and
router. The main drawback of the other
approaches that uses TCP that when any
losses occurred during transmissions it
assumed that this was occurred due to
congestion or retransmit timeout. This paper
uses the TCP-LBA technique for avoiding
such levels by addresses the unwanted
reduce ACK packets number and optimize
ACK mechanism in TCP [1].


1. Introduction
TCP provides error control for application
data, by retransmitting lost or error TCP
segments. As the network link bandwidth
increases, a window of TCP segments may
be sent and received before an
acknowledgement is received by the sender.
It involves splitting each TCP connection
between a sender and receiver into two
separate connections at the base station one
TCP connection between the sender and the
base station, and the other between the base
station and the receiver [7]. If multiple
segments in this window of segments are
lost, the sender has to retransmit the lost
segments at a rate of one retransmission per
round trip time (RTT), resulting in a reduced
throughput. To cope with this problem, TCP
allows the use of selective
acknowledgement (SACK) to report
multiple lost segments. TCP on wireless
triggers congestion avoidance mechanisms,
wherein the congestion window is reduced
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page176

exponentially, thereby reducing the effective
window size. The exponential decline is to
avoid further packet drops at the router
which is causing the congestion [9].

1.1 Related Terms
Fast Sender: The source should send the
sampling instance of each frame to the
receiver, so that the receiver can replay the
frames at the right pace.
Slow Receiver: After receiving a data
segment, TCP delays sending the ACK until
the next tick of the delayed
acknowledgement timer, hoping that new
data to be sent in the reverse direction will
arrive from the application during this time.
Light Contention: When the throughput and
packet contention delay increases after
injecting new data, TCP Contention Control
enters Light Contention Stage. During this
phase, TCP Contention Control additively
decreases TCP Contention (one MSS per
RTT) to avoid reduction in TCP throughput
[4].
QOS (Quality of Services): The receiver
may collect statistics, such as loss rate, jitter,
received frame quality, and send them back
to the sender. With such information, the
sender may adjust its parameters or
operation modes to adapt to congestion or
packet losses in the network.
2. Literature Survey
For effectively uses the technique TCP-LBA
therefore it is deployed in the NS2 Network
Simulator [2] for simulating the whole
experimental setup and checking that each
node was attracting to each other. For this
we survey the literature for reading the
possible solution of the authors and
improving the methodology in our research
work. Every node maintains multiple sets of
route information for each destination node,
and selects one when sending packets to that
node. If a data packet and an ACK packet
meet in an intermediate node, they will be
collectively transmitted in an opposite
direction simultaneously. Due to the
inherent limitations [4] of wireless networks,
wireless nodes compete with each other to
take control of the wireless channel for
packet transmission. These contentions lead
to packet drops at the link layer which TCP
perceives as congestion, resulting in
initiating congestion control mechanisms
[4].In this way, packet collisions can be
avoided and effective use of a wireless
channel achieved. In a xed ad hoc network,
packet losses are caused mainly by packet
collisions rather than by node mobility. In
this way, the authors could clearly see the
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page177

effect of this technique [16].
Smartacking[13], a technique for adaptive
generation of ACKs at the receiver. Besides
reducing the amount of control traffic in the
network, smartacking strives to improve the
bottleneck link utilization by TCP. The
algorithm is derived from an observation
that the gap between delivered segments
becomes close to uniform when traffic
exhausts the capacity of the bottleneck link.
The Authors [13] experiments confirm that
smartacking helps TCP to utilize the
network capacity more effectively, including
in topologies with asymmetric data flows
and high bandwidth-delay products. It also
shows that smartacking TCP interacts fairly
with standard TCP traffic.

3. Methodology Used:
In addition, acknowledgement between
neighboring nodes is done using a packet
which is also used for forwarding from one
node to the next. Every neighboring node in
a wireless network can receive packets from
a node even when it is not the packet
source/destination [16]. The advantage of
selective acknowledgements in wireless
links is that it allows the TCP sender to
correct multiple packet errors in a single
window more quickly. When a selective
acknowledgement is received, the sender
can infer the sequence numbers of more than
one packet loss. This causes it retransmit
the dropped packets in a shorter period of
time [5].
4. Design test-bed
The TCP-LBA Technique used the IEEE
802.11 wireless network environment for
transmitting the packets in a synchronization
manner. The size of buffer and queue length
is adjusted in the test-bed and shown in the
figure 1; this required achieving high
utilization using TCP-LBA technique in a
wire line network. When packet loss is
detected in the experimental setup, the base
station retransmits the lost packet to the
mobile node. This technique handle the local
retransmission from the base station then
hides the packet losses from the sender by
not propagating duplicate
acknowledgements, thereby preventing
unnecessary congestion control mechanism
invocations at the source [5].
International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page178


Figure 1: Experimental Setup
5. Result and Analysis
The above mentioned experimental scenario
considered as an multi-hop networks and the
TCP-LBA technique is introduced in the
whole networks and thereby proper
management of buffer and rearrange the
sequence numbers of the TCP packets that
transmit over the wireless networks. In the
technique introduced by many researchers
[1], from this we reduced the packet loss
ratio in the wireless networks by
implementing drop retransmit strategy. This
section gives a brief idea about throughput
of the network and packet delivery ratio.


A. Throughput of TCP-LBA
The throughput of the TCP-LBA calculated
in this paper by successful transmission of
the packets from sender to receiver side
node. The transmission of packet size
assumed as the bytes (512 bytes packet
assume) divide by the time. From the figure
we analyzed that the performance of the
TCP-LBA approach is better and loss ratio
is lesser. The rate of data transmission and
packet receiving at the destination node is
far good. The multi-hop network imagine in
the above simulation setup is deploying
effectively and each node communicates
with its neighboring node.

Figure 2: Throughput of TCP-LBA

International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page179

B. PDR of TCP-LBA
The PDR stands for packet delivery ratio by
sending the data to the multi-hop network
nodes with lesser number of packet losses
thats why the transmission of packet is
delivered successfully. The PDR calculated
by percentage; more the number of packets
delivered with lesser the number of losses.
Moreover it is analyzed that the delivery
ratio is 100 % and the packet loss ratio is
lesser.


6. Conclusion
This paper evaluating the TCP-LBA
technique in the presence of wireless losses
and congestion occurred in the TCP
protocol. The test-bed measured the
performances of TCP-LBA in a wireless
medium using NS2 simulator [2]. We
applying the LBA approach to reduced the
packet loss ratio by improving the
throughput of the whole network scenario.
In this paper we improve the throughput of
network to compare with the wired
networks.


References
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[2] The network simulator - ns-2,
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International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) volume 9 number 4 Mar 2014
ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page180

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