Chemistry of Life: Composition of Matter

Section 1 Objectives
Define the term ___________
Explain the relationship between ________ and ________
_______ and ________ a model of the structure of an atom
Explain how __________ affect an atoms stability
Contrast __________ and _______ bonds

Composition of __________
__________ is anything that occupies _______ and has _______
Mass is the ___________ of matter that an object has
_____ and ___________ are not the same thing.

Elements and Atoms
___________ are substances that cannot be broken down ____________ into simpler kinds of
matter
Only about _____ of the 100 _____________ occurring elements are important to living things
o ______________
o Carbon
o ______________
o Nitrogen

Composition of __________
The ___________ particle of an element that retains all of the ___________ of that element is
an ____________
The arrangement and type of ________ determine the properties of an _____________
Structure of an _________

Structure of the ______
____________
o Makes up the bulk ______ of the atom
o Composed of ___ types of particles
___________ positive charge; identifies the element (atomic number)
___________ no charge
____________ total number of _________ and ____________
____________ travel around the nucleus in the ________________________
Negative charge (to balance out positive nucleus)
Little mass; not included in mass number
Travel in __________ around nucleus; probable location of electron
_____________ in orbital farther away from the nucleus have more ______________
Orbitals correspond to _________ energy levels; energy levels correspond to a group of orbitals
that can only hold a certain number of ____________.
______ energy level ___ electrons
______ energy level ___ electrons



Isotopes:
_______________ are atoms of the same element with a different number of ______________
This changes the _________ and some properties of the ____________, but does not change
the atomic number

Compounds
_________ elements do not exist alone; they exists as ___________ with other elements
A compound is composed of _____ or more elements in fixed ___________________.
A _________________ represent s the kinds and proportions of atoms in a compound.
o ________
o NaCl
o ________
The _____________ and ____________ properties diifer between the compounds and
elements that ____________ them.
Sodium (___________) + chlorine (_________) = ________________________
How ___________ combine depends on the number and arrangement of electrons in their
outermost energy level (________________________).
An _______ is chemically stable when its highest energy level is filled with the maximum
number of _______________
o ___ and _____ ____ electrons
o Everything else ____ electrons
__________ (inert) gases these gases are located in Group ____. Their ______ energy levels
already contain the ________________ number of electrons.
They ___________ react with other ____________ under normal conditions.
By chemically bonding with other _________, atoms become more stable.
__________ bonds are the attractive forces that hold _______ together.
__________ bond by either ____________ electrons, or losing/gaining electrons to achieve a
total of 8 electrons in their outer shells (_________ rule)
o __________________ 1 outer shell electron
o Chlorine ____ outer shell electrons
o Salt (________) 8 outer shell electrons
_________________ bond form when _____ atoms share one or more ________ of
electrons.
o Forms between _____ or more _______________
o Forms a ________________
o A ______________ is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties
of that substance and can exist in a _________ state.
__________ Bond form when one atoms gives electrons to another to attain a full outer shell.
o When atoms _____ or _______ electrons, the become ________________ (+ or -).
o A charged atom is called an _________.
o By _________ an gaining electrons, the atoms become more ____________.
o The ________________ is held together by the attractive forces between the (+) atom
and the (-) atom. This is called an ____________ bond.