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No part oI this Manual may be displayed,

reproduced, or distributed in any Iorm or by any means, without the prior written permission oI the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill Ior their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
without permission.

PROBLEM 4.1
Knowing that the couple shown acts in a vertical plane, determine the
stress at (!) point ", (#) point $.

SOLUTION
For rectangle:
3
1
12
% #& =
For cross sectional area:

3 3 3 4
1 2 3
1 1 1
(2)(1.5) (2)(5.5) (2)(1.5) 28.854 in
12 12 12
% % % % = + + = + + =
(!) 2.75 in.
"
' =
(25)(2.75)
28.854
"
"
('
%
= = 2.38 ksi
"
=
(#) 0.75 in.
$
' =
(25)(0.75)
28.854
$
$
('
%
= = 0.650 ksi
$
=
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PROBLEM 4.7
Two W4 13 rolled sections are welded together as shown. Knowing that Ior the steel
alloy used 36 ksi
)
= and 58 ksi
*
= and using a Iactor oI saIety oI 3.0, determine
the largest couple that can be applied when the assembly is bent about the + axis.

SOLUTION
Properties oI W4 13 rolled section.
(See Appendix C.)
2
4
Area 3.83 in
Depth 4.16 in.
11.3 in
,
%
=
=
=

For one rolled section, moment oI inertia about axis !-! is

2 2 4
11.3 (3.83)(2.08) 27.87 in
! ,
% % ". = + = + =
For both sections,
4
2 55.74 in
depth 4.16 in.
+ !
% %
/
= =
= =


all
all
all
58
19.333 ksi
. . 3.0
(19.333) (55.74)
4.16

= = = =
= =
*
(/
0 1 %
%
(
/

all
259 kip in ( =
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PROBLEM 4.9
Two vertical Iorces are applied to a beam oI the cross section shown. Determine
the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in portion $2 oI the beam.

SOLUTION

2 2 2
1 1
2
2 2
4 (4)(25)
(25) 981.7 mm 10.610 mm
2 2 3 3
25
(50)(25) 1250 mm 12.5 mm
2 2
3
" 3 '
&
" #& '


= = = = = =
= = = = = =


1 1 2 2
1 2
(981.7)(10.610) (1250)( 12.5)
2.334 mm
981.7 1250
" ' " '
'
" "
+ +
= = =
+ +

1
2 4 2 4 2 6 4
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
2 3 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
3 3 3 4
2
2 2
(25) (981.7)(10.610) 42.886 10 mm
8 8
10.610 ( 2.334) 12.944 mm
42.866 10 (981.7)(12.944) 207.35 10 mm
1 1
(50)(25) 65.104 10 mm
12 12
12.5
,
% % " ' 3 " '
. ' '
% % " .
% #&
. ' '

= = = =
= = =
= + = + =
= = =
= =
2 3 2 3 4
2 2 2 2
3 4 9 4
1 2
top
bot
( 2.334) 10.166 mm
65.104 10 (1250)(10.166) 194.288 10 mm
401.16 10 mm 401.16 10 m
25 2.334 27.334 mm 0.027334 m
25 2.334 22.666 mm 0.022666 m
% % " .
% % %
'
'

=
= + = + =
= + = =
= + = =
= + = =


3 3
0 : (4 10 )(300 10 ) 1200 N m ( 4! ( 4!

= = = =
top 6
top
9
(1200)(0.027334)
81.76 10 Pa
401.16 10
('
%

= = =

top
81.8 MPa =
6 bot
bot
9
(1200)( 0.022666)
67.80 10 Pa
401.16 10
('
%

= = =

bot
67.8 MPa =
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PROBLEM 4.14
Knowing that a beam oI the cross section shown is bent about a horizontal axis
and that the bending moment is 50 kip in., determine the total Iorce acting
(!) on the top Ilange, (#) on the shaded portion oI the web.

SOLUTION
The stress distribution over the entire cross-section is given by the bending stress Iormula:
,
('
%
=
where ' is a coordinate with its origin on the neutral axis and % is the moment oI
inertia oI the entire cross sectional area. The Iorce on the shaded portion is
calculated Irom this stress distribution. Over an area element .", the Iorce is

,
('
.0 ." ."
%
= =
The total Iorce on the shaded area is then

* *
(' ( (
0 .0 ." '." ' "
% % %
= = = =


where
*
' is the centroidal coordinate oI the shaded portion and "
*
is its area.
Calculate the moment oI inertia.

3 3 4
1 1
(6 in.)(7 in.) (4 in.)(4 in.) 150.17 in
12 12
50 kip in
%
(
= =
=

(!) Top Ilange:
2
* (6 in.)(1.5 in.) 9 in * 2 in. 0.75 in. 2.75 in. " ' = = = + =

2
4
50 kip in
(9 in )(2.75 in.) 8.24 kips
150.17 in
0

= = 8.24 kips 0 =
(#) HalI web:
2
* (2 in.)(2 in.) 4 in * 1 in. " ' = = =

2
4
50 kip in
(4 in )(1 in.) 1.332 kips
150.17 in
0

= = 1.332 kips 0 =

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PROBLEM 4.24
A 60 N m couple is applied to the steel bar shown. (!) Assuming that
the couple is applied about the + axis as shown, determine the maximum
stress and the radius oI curvature oI the bar. (#) Solve part !, assuming
that the couple is applied about the ' axis. Use 200 GPa. 5 =

SOLUTION
(!) Bending about +-axis.

3 3 3 4 9 4
1 1
(12)(20) 8 10 mm 8 10 m
12 12
20
10 mm 0.010 m
2

= = = =
= = =
% #&
/


6
9
(60)(0.010)
75.0 10 Pa
8 10
(/
%

= = =

75.0 MPa =

3 1
9 9
1 60
37.5 10 m
(200 10 )(8 10 )
(
5%

= = =

26.7 m =
(#) Bending about '-axis.

3 3 3 4 9 4
6
9
1 1
(20)(12) 2.88 10 mm 2.88 10 m
12 12
12
6 mm 0.006 m
2
(60)(0.006)
125.0 10 Pa
2.88 10
% #&
/
(/
%

= = = =
= = =
= = =

125.0 MPa =

3 1
9 9
1 60
104.17 10 m
(200 10 )(2.88 10 )
(
5%

= = =

9.60 m =
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PROBLEM 4.34
A bar having the cross section shown has been Iormed by securely
bonding brass and aluminum stock. Using the data given below,
determine the largest permissible bending moment when the
composite bar is bent about a horizontal axis.
Aluminum Brass
Modulus oI elasticity 70 GPa 105 GPa
Allowable stress 100 MPa 160 MPa

SOLUTION
Use aluminum as the reIerence material.
For aluminum, 1.0 6 =
For brass, / 105/70 1.5
# !
6 5 5 = = =
Values oI 6 are shown on the sketch.
For the transIormed section,

( )
3 3 3 4 1
1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 4 2
2 2 2 2
3 4
3 1
3 4 9 4
1 2 3
1.5
(8)(32) 32.768 10 mm
12 12
1.0
(32)(32 16 ) 76.459 10 mm
12 12
32.768 10 mm
141.995 10 mm 141.995 10 m
6
% # &
6
% # 7 &
% %
% % % %

= = =
= = =
= =
= + + = =

, ,

= =
6(' %
(
% 6'

Aluminum:
6
6 9
1.0, , , 16 mm 0.016 m, 100 10 Pa
(100 10 )(141.995 10 )
887.47 N m
(1.0)(0.016)

= = = =

= =
6 '
(

Brass:
6
6 9
1.5, , , 16 mm 0.016 m, 160 10 Pa
(160 10 )(141.995 10 )
946.63 N m
(1.5)(0.016)

= = = =

= =
6 '
(

Choose the smaller value. 887 N m ( =
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PROBLEM 4.41
The 6 12-in. timber beam has been strengthened by bolting to it the steel
reinIorcement shown. The modulus oI elasticity Ior wood is
6
1.8 10 psi and Ior
steel,
6
29 10 psi. Knowing that the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a
couple oI moment 450 kip in., ( = determine the maximum stress in (!) the
wood, (#) the steel.

SOLUTION
Use wood as the reIerence material.

For wood, 1
For steel, / 29/1.8 16.1111
8 9
6
6 5 5
=
= = =

TransIormed section: = wood = steel

421.931
112.278
3.758 in.
:
) =
=



The neutral axis lies 3.758 in. above the wood-steel interIace.

3 2 3 2 4 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4
1 2
1
(6)(12) (72)(6 3.758) 1225.91 in
12 12
16.1111
(5) (0.5) (40.278)(3.578 0.25) 647.87 in
12 12
1873.77 in
450 kip in
6
% # & 6 " .
6
% # & 6 " .
% % %
6('
(
%

= + = + =
= + = + + =
= + =
= =

(!) Wood: 1, 12 3.758 8.242 in 6 ' = = =

(1) (450) (8.242)
1.979 ksi
1873.77
9
= = 1.979 ksi
9
=
(#) Steel: 16.1111, 3.758 0.5 4.258 in 6 ' = = =

(16.1111) (450) ( 4.258)
16.48 ksi
1873.77
8

= = 16.48 ksi
8
=

2
, in "
2
, in 6"
:
'
3
, in
:
6"'
72 72 6 432
2.5 40.278 0.25 10.069
112.278 421.931
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PROBLEM 4.42
The 6 12-in. timber beam has been strengthened by bolting to it the steel
reinIorcement shown. The modulus oI elasticity Ior wood is
6
1.8 10 psi
and Ior steel,
6
29 10 psi. Knowing that the beam is bent about a
horizontal axis by a couple oI moment 450 kip in., ( = determine the
maximum stress in (!) the wood, (#) the steel.

SOLUTION
Use wood as the reIerence material.
6
6
For wood, 1
29 10
For steel, 16.1111
1.8 10
8
9
6
5
6
5
=

= = =

For C8 11.5 channel section,

2 4
3.38 in , 0.220 in., 0.571 in., 1.32 in
9 '
" ; , % = = = =
For the composite section, the centroid oI the channel (part 1) lies 0.571 in. above the bottom oI the section.
The centroid oI the wood (part 2) lies 0.220 6.00 6.22 in. + = above the bottom.
TransIormed section:




3
0
2
478.93 in
3.787 in.
126.456 in
) = =
0 0
. ' ) =
The neutral axis lies 3.787 in. above the bottom oI the section.

2 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4
1 2
(16.1111)(1.32) (54.456)(3.216) 584.49 in
1
(6)(12) (72)(2.433) 1290.20 in
12 12
1874.69 in
450 kip in
% 6 % 6 ".
6
% # & 6 " .
% % %
6 ('
(
%

= + = + =
= + = + =
= + =
= =

(!) Wood: 1, 12 0.220 3.787 8.433 in. 6 ' = = + =

(1)(450)(8.433)
2.02 ksi
1874.69
9
= = 2.02 ksi
9
=
(#) Steel: 16.1111, 3.787 in. 6 ' = =

(16.1111) (450) ( 3.787)
14.65 ksi
1874.67
8

= = 14.65 ksi
8
=
Part ", in
2
6", in
2
, in. '
3
, in 6"' ., in.
1
3.38 54.456 0.571 31.091 3.216
2
72 72 6.22 447.84 2.433
126.456
478.93

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PROBLEM 4.51
A concrete beam is reinIorced by three steel rods placed as shown. The
modulus oI elasticity is
6
3 10 psi Ior the concrete and
6
29 10 psi Ior the
steel. Using an allowable stress oI 1350 psi Ior the concrete and 20 ksi Ior the
steel, determine the largest allowable positive bending moment in the beam.

SOLUTION

6
6
2
2 2 2
29 10
9.67
3 10
7
3 (3) 1.8040 in 17.438 in
4 4 8
8
/
8 8
5
6
5
" . 6"

= = =

= = = =



Locate the neutral axis:
2
8 (17.438)(14 ) 0
2
4 17.438 244.14 0
,
, ,
, ,
=
+ =

Solve Ior ,.
2
17.438 17.438 (4)(4)(244.14)
5.6326 in.
(2)(4)
,
+ +
= =
14 8.3674 in. , =
3 2 3 2 4
1 1
8 (14 ) (8)(5.6326) (17.438)(8.3674) 1697.45 in
3 3
8
% , 6" , = + = + =
6(' %
(
% 6'

= =
Concrete: 1.0, 5.6326 in., 1350 psi 6 ' = = =

3
(1350)(1697.45)
406.835 10 lb in 407 kip in
(1.0)(5.6326)
( = = =
Steel:
3
9.67, 8.3674 in., 20 10 psi 6 ' = = =

3
(20 10 )(1697.45)
419.72 lb in 420 kip in
(9.67)(8.3674)
(

= = =
Choose the smaller value. 407 kip in ( = 33.9 kip It ( =
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PROBLEM 4.52
Knowing that the bending moment in the reinIorced concrete beam is
+100 kip It and that the modulus oI elasticity is
6
3.625 10 psi Ior the
concrete and
6
29 10 psi Ior the steel, determine (!) the stress in the
steel, (#) the maximum stress in the concrete.

SOLUTION
6
6
2 2 2
29 10
8.0
3.625 10
(4) (1) 3.1416 in 25.133 in
4
8
/
8 8
5
6
5
" 6"

= = =

= = =



Locate the neutral axis.
(24)(4)( 2) (12 ) (25.133)(17.5 4 ) 0
2
,
, , ,

+ + =




2 2
96 192 6 339.3 25.133 0 or 6 121.133 147.3 0 , , , , , + + + = + =
Solve Ior ,.
2
121.133 (121.133) (4)(6)(147.3)
1.150 in.
(2)(6)
,
+ +
= =

3
17.5 4 12.350 in. . , = =

3 2 3 2 4
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 4
2 2
2 2 4
3 3 3
4
1 2 3
1 1
(24)(4) (24)(4)(3.150) 1080.6 in
12 12
1 1
(12)(1.150) 6.1 in
3 3
(25.133)(12.350) 3833.3 in
4920 in
% # & ".
% # ,
% 6" .
% % % %
= + = + =
= = =
= = =
= + + =


6('
%
= where 100 kip It 1200 kip in. ( = =
(!) Steel: 8.0 6 = 12.350 in. ' =

(8.0)(1200)( 12.350)
4920
8

= 24.1 ksi
8
=
(#) Concrete: 1.0, 4 1.150 5.150 in. 6 ' = = + =

(1.0)(1200)(5.150)
4920
/
= 1.256 ksi
/
=
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PROBLEM 4.55
Five metal strips, each 40 mm wide, are bonded together to Iorm the
composite beam shown. The modulus oI elasticity is 210 GPa Ior the
steel, 105 GPa Ior the brass, and 70 GPa Ior the aluminum. Knowing that
the beam is bent about a horizontal axis by a couple oI moment 1800 N
m, determine (!) the maximum stress in each oI the three metals,
(#) the radius oI curvature oI the composite beam.

SOLUTION
Use aluminum as the reIerence material.

1 in aluminum.
/ 210/ 70 3 in steel.
/ 105/ 70 1.5 in brass.
8 !
# !
6
6 5 5
6 5 5
=
= = =
= = =

Due to symmetry oI both the material arrangement and the geometry, the
neutral axis passes through the center oI the steel portion.
For the transIormed section,

3 2 3 2 3 4 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2 3 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 4 3
3 3 3
3 4 3 4
4 2 5 1
1
(40)(10) (40)(10)(25) 253.33 10 mm
12 12
1.5
(40)(10) (1.5)(40)(10)(15) 140 10 mm
12 12
3.0
(40)(20) 80 10 mm
12 12
140 10 mm 253.33 10 mm
6
% # & 6 ".
6
% # & 6 " .
6
% # &
% % % %
= + = + =
= + = + =
= = =
= = = =
3 4 9 4
866.66 10 mm 866.66 10 m % %

= = =

(!)
6('
%
= where 1800 N m ( =
Aluminum: 1.0 30 mm 0.030 m 6 ' = = =

6
9
(1.0)(1800)(0.030)
62.3 10 Pa
866.66 10
!

= =

62.3 MPa
!
=
Brass: 1.5 20 mm 0.020 m 6 ' = = =

6
9
(1.5)(1800)(0.020)
62.3 10 Pa
866.66 10
#

= =

62.3 MPa
#
=
Steel: 3.0 10 mm 0.010 m 6 ' = = =

6
9
(3.0)(1800)(0.010)
62.3 10 Pa
866.66 10
8

= =

62.3 MPa
8
=
(#) Radius oI curvature.
1
9 9
1 1800
0.02967 m
(70 10 )(866.66 10 )
!
(
5 %

= = =

33.7 m =
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PROBLEM 4.57
The composite beam shown is Iormed by bonding together a brass rod and an
aluminum rod oI semicircular cross sections. The modulus oI elasticity is
6
15 10 psi Ior the brass and
6
10 10 psi Ior the aluminum. Knowing that the
composite beam is bent about a horizontal axis by couples oI moment
8 kip in., determine the maximum stress (!) in the brass, (#) in the aluminum.

SOLUTION
For each semicircle,
2 2
0.8 in. 1.00531 in
2
3 " 3

= = = ,

4 4
base
4 (4)(0.8)
0.33953 in. 0.160850 in
3 3 8
:
3
' % 3

= = = = =

2 2 4
base
0.160850 (1.00531)(0.33953) 0.044953 in
:
% % "' = = =
Use aluminum as the reIerence material.

6
6
1.0 in aluminum
15 10
1.5 in brass
10 10
#
!
6
5
6
5
=

= = =

Locate the neutral axis.


0.17067
0.06791 in.
2.51327
:
) = =
The neutral axis lies 0.06791 in.
above the material interIace.


1 2
2 2 4
1 1 1 1
2 2 4
2 2 2 2
1 2
0.33953 0.06791 0.27162 in., 0.33953 0.06791 0.40744 in.
(1.5)(0.044957) (1.5)(1.00531)(0.27162) 0.17869 in
(1.0)(0.044957) (1.0)(1.00531)(0.40744) 0.21185 in
. .
% 6 % 6 ".
% 6 % 6 ".
% % %
= = = + =
= + = + =
= + = + =
= +
4
0.39054 in =

(!) Brass: 1.5, 0.8 0.06791 0.73209 in. 6 ' = = =

(1.5)(8)(0.73209)
0.39054
6('
%
= = 22.5 ksi =
(#) Aluminium: 1.0, 0.8 0.06791 0.86791 in. 6 ' = = =

(1.0)(8)( 0.86791)
0.39054
6('
%

= = 17.78 ksi =
", in
2
6", in
2

, in.
:
'
3
, in
:
6"'
1.00531 1.50796 0.33953 0.51200
1.00531 1.00531 0.33953 0.34133

2.51327 0.17067