Heat Transfer Equipment

Laboratory Equipment Purpose Application

Drying Equipment
Tray Dryer Designed for batch
operation and small
scale production.
Used for drying lumpy or
pasty solid
Vacuum-Shelf Dryers For maximum product
temperature that is lower
than or equal to 30 C.
Used to dry expensive or
temperature-sensitive or
easily oxidizable
materials. Also useful for
handling materials with
toxic or valuable solvents.
Continuous Tunnel Dryer Designed to effectively
control air temperature,
humidity etc. giving
optimum output and
product quality.
Used for drying granular
solids in a continuous
process.
Drum Dryers For drying materials in
which crystallization and
liquid-solid separation are
not feasible.
Used for handling slurries
or pastes of solids in fine
suspension and for
solution.
Spray Dryers For drying minimum inlet-
gas temperature
requirement of perhaps
200 C to produce solids
outlet temperature that
exceeds 75 C.
Used for drying
powdered products.
Fluid-Bed Batch Dryer For drying in which inert
gases can be used and
tests can be carry out
easily. High drying
temperature up to 600
C.
Used for average
product particle size of
0.1 mm or less.
Fluid-Bed Batch Dryer For drying in which inert
gases can be used and
tests can be carry out
easily. High drying
temperature up to 600 C
Used for average
product particle size of
0.1 mm or larger.
Continuous-flow Grain
Dryer
For slow drying of
particles that is not
possible or desirable to
suspend in drying gas.
Used for drying of grains.
Also used for drying
preformed materials.
Granulators For products in which
nucleation and growth is
needed.
Used for slurry feed in
which agglomeration is
necessary.
Heat-Exchange
Equipment

Air-cooled Heat
Exchangers
Designed to used water
as coolant.
Used to transfer heat
from process fluid to
ambient air.
Shell-and-Tube Heat
Exchanger
Designed for
conservation of both
thermal and mechanical
aspects.
Used for large plant
capacities.
Spiral-plate Heat
Exchangers
For processing materials
at velocities as low as 2
feet per second.
Used for cooling or
heating slurries or sludge
and viscous fluids.
Plate-Type Exchangers Designed to provide hot
and cold fluid streams at
about the same pressure.
Well-suited for liquid-to-
liquid heat exchange
application.
Condensers
Air-cooled Condenser Designed for amendable
air flow variations.
Used for small plant
operation.
Shell-and-tube
Condensers
Designed for minimal
resistance heat flow.
Used for product having
tendencies to deposits
organic and inorganic
materials.
Dehumidifying
Condensers
Used for condensing
mixtures of vapors and
noncondensable gases.
Contact Condensers For a much cheaper and
smaller plant size surface
condenser.
Cooling Tower
Natural Draught Tower Cools the air without the
presence of fans.
For small plant operation.
Mechanical Draught
Tower
Cools the air with the
presence of fans
requiring auxiliary power
of 1.0 MW to 1.5 MW for a
300 MW steam turbine-
generator unit.
Used for providing low
water temperature.
Evaporators
Long-tube Evaporator Designed for contact
time of 5-10 sec with an
overall heat-transfer
coefficient of five times
as great as from a
heated surface
immersed in a boiling
liquid.
Used for concentrating
liquids that tend to foam.
Short-tube Evaporator Designed for greater
recycle rate for
economization.
Used for processing clear
liquid solutions or non-
corrosive conditions.
Falling-film Evaporator Designed for a
temperature difference
of 15 C or less between
heat-transfer medium
and the liquid.
Used for concentrating
highly heat-sensitive
materials.
Rising Film Evaporator Designed for effective
water evaporation from
liquid feed.
Used for liquids with high
viscosity or having fouling
tendency.
Natural-circulation
Evaporators
Basically designed as
reboiler at the base of
distillation column.
Used for a cheaper
operation.
Forced-circulation
Evaporators
Designed to pump heat
exchange liquids for
1.504.0 m/s to avoid
precipitation and high
turbulence.
Used for concentrating
viscous material and
those having high solid
content.
Scraped Surface
Evaporator
Designed for high
temperature operation,
and longer evaporator
life.
Used to handle corrosive
liquids or products
Agitated-film Evaporator Designed to reduce
fouling and liquid
residence time in the
evaporator.
Used for highly viscous
materials that are not
mechanical-sensitive.
Boilers
Firetube Boilers For heat input capacities
limited to 50 mbtu per
hour or less, with
capacities of 25 tonnes
per hour and pressures of
17.5 kg per cm
2

For small plant
capacities.
Watertube Boilers Designed to circulate hot
combustion gases
around the outside of a
large number of water
filled tubes.
For large plant
capacities.


References:
Boilers, Evaporators, and Condensers. New York: Wiley, 1991.
Cheremisinoff, N. P., Ph.D. (2000). Handbook of Chemical Processing Equipment.
United States of America: Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-7126-2
Vant Land, C. M. (2012). Drying in the Process Industry. Canada: John Wiley &
Sons, 2011012195.