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R09
Code No: 09A60102
SET-1
B. Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, April/May - 2012
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) The population figures of a town during the four decades i.e 1940, 1950, 1960 and
1970 are 20,000, 24,500, 29,500 and 35,200 respectively. Predict its population in
the year 1980 and compare the results through the Arithmetical progression and
Geometrical progression methods.
b) What are the factors affecting per capita water consumption? [15]

2.a) With a neat sketch explain reservoir intake.
b) Describe the different systems of distribution depending upon the methods of
layout of the pipe system. [15]

3.a) How is the optimum dosage of coagulant determined? Explain.
b) Give the flow diagram for water treatment, and explain. [15]

4.a) What are the design criteria for rapid gravity sand filter?
b) For disinfecting water supply, it is required to treat 500,000 litres of daily supply
with 0.5 ppm of chlorine. If the disinfectant is available in the form of bleaching
powder containing 30% of available chlorine, calculate the amount of bleaching
powder required to treat the daily flow of water. [15]

5.a) Explain Hardy Cross method for network analysis.
b) Mention the various appurtenances commonly used in a distribution system and
their purpose. [15]

6.a) Distinguish between conservancy system and water carriage system.
b) What is BOD? Derive the expression for the BOD reaction. [15]

7.a) How is floating and suspended matter in sewage removed? What are the
preliminary processes involved?
b) What are Trickling filters? What are the merits and demerits? [15]

8.a) What is meant by Sludge digestion? What are the optimum conditions required
for sludge digestion?
b) With neat sketch explain Soak pit, a method of Septic tank effluent disposal. [15]
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R09
Code No: 09A60302
SET-2 R09
Code No: 09A60802
SET-2 R09
Code No: 09A60102
SET-2
B. Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, April/May - 2012
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain the various methods for population forecasting .
b) Give the drinking water quality standards for flourides, Hardness, Nitrates and
Chlorides and mention their significance. [15]

2.a) What are the various sources of water ? Distinguish between groundwater quality
and surface water quality.
b) With a neat sketch explain river intake. [15]

3.a) Give the flow-diagram for water treatment. Mention the principle involved in
each step.
b) Explain J ar Test. [15]

4.a) Distinguish between Slow sand filter and Rapid sand filter.
b) Define the term disinfection. Explain various chlorination practices. [15]

5.a) Describe mass curve method to determine the capacity of a balancing tank.
b) Explain the Grid Iron system of distribution layout. What are its advantages over
dead end system? [15]

6.a) What is a manhole? Describe with a net sketch.
b) Write short notes on i) House plumbing and ii) Sewage farming [15]

7.a) Give the general outline of various units in a wastewater treatment plant.
b) What are the various units of treatment involving settlement process. [15]

8.a) Design a Septic tank for a small colony of 100 persons with daily sewage flow of
135 litres per head per day.
b) Explain the process involved in sludge digestion. [15]


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R09
Code No: 09A60102
SET-3
B. Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, April/May - 2012
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Differentiate the pure water and wholesome water.
b) The populations of 5 decades from 1960 to 2000 are given below in table. Find
out the population after one, two and three decades beyond the last known decade,
by using arithmetic increase method. [15]

Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Population 26000 31000 36000 46000 53000

2.a) Compare Surface and Ground waters as source of water supply from the con- side
rations of quantity and quality.
b) Explain the general methods of distribution of water employed in municipal water
supply schemes. [15]

3.a) How will you determine the optimum coagulant quantity by jar test?
b) In a continuous flow settling tank 3.5 m deep and 50 m long, what velocity of
flow would you recommend for effective removal of 0.025 mm particles at 25
0
C?
The S.G of particles is 2.65 and kinematic viscosity of water may be taken as 0.01
cm
2
/sec. [15]

4.a) Compare the design and working features of the slow sand filter and rapid sand
gravity filter.
b) A bed of uniform sand, having particle size 0.60mm dia and specific gravity 2.67,
porosity 0.40 and depth 70cm is to be washed hydraulically. Compute (i ) back
wash rate so that expansion will be 50% (ii) head loss at this rate. [15]

5.a) What is a service reservoir? Give its importance in a distribution system. Draw a
neat sketch of an elevated tank and show on it all of its component parts and
appurtenances.
b) A distribution main is tapped at a point where R.L. is 30 m and where pressure is
12 m head. The service pipe is 60 m long and supplies water to 12 occupants at an
average rage of 135 litres per head per day. The hourly variation factor is taken as
4. Calculate the size of the supply main if residual head at tap outlet having R.L of
33 m is not to fall 1.5 m. Use the formula V=83.5 m
2/3
i
1/2
. [15]





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6.a) What do you understand by the terms self cleansing velocity and limiting
velocity in sewers.
b) A circular sanitary sewer designed to carry the maximum flow of sewage while
flowing 70% (i.e., at 0.7 depth) full at a velocity of 0.9 m/sec. If the ratio of
Maximum / Average and Average / Minimum flows are 2.5 and 2.0 respectively.
Find out:
i) The proportionate depth of flow,
ii) The velocities of flow generated at the time of average flow, and at the time of
minimum flow. Neglect variations in the value of n the coefficient of roughness
of sewer. [15]

7.a) Describe in brief various unit operations for chemical clarification along with the
design recommendations.
b) What do you understand by secondary treatment (or biological treatment) of
wastewater? Enumerate various treatment techniques used for biological
treatment. [15]

8.a) What do you understand by aerobic digestion? What are its advantages and
disadvantages?
b) Write a note on sludge conditioning. Why elutriation is necessary before
chemical conditioning? [15]


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R09
Code No: 09A60102
SET-4
B. Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, April/May - 2012
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
(CIVIL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) What do you mean by water borne disease? Name the microbial agents
responsible for this with examples.
b) The populations of 5 decades from 1960 to 2000 are given below in table. Find
out the population after one, two and three decades beyond the last known decade,
by using Incremental increase method. [15]

Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Population 25000 28000 34000 42000 47000

2.a) What are Intake structures? What points should be kept in mind while selecting a
site for Intake structure?
b) Explain the Reservoir Intake with the help of a neat sketch. [15]

3.a) What are the common types of sedimentation tanks?
b) Design a circular sedimentation tank for the treatment of sewage for the treatment
of sewage.
Population =1,00,000 Per capita water supply =180 lpcd
Maximum sewage =1.5 times average sewage
Surface loading rate =1.5 cu.m/ m2/hour. [15]

4.a) Compare the design and working features of the slow sand filter and rapid sand
gravity filter.
b) A bed of uniform sand, having particle size 0.65 mm dia and specific gravity 2.67,
porosity 0.40 and depth 90cm is to be washed hydraulically. Compute (i ) back
wash rate so that expansion will be 55% (ii) head loss at this rate. [15]

5.a) What is a service reservoir? Give its importance in a distribution system. Draw a
neat sketch of an elevated tank and show on it all of its component parts and
appurtenances.
b) A distribution main is tapped at a point where R.L. is 35 m and where pressure is
12 m head. The service pipe is 70 m long and supplies water to 12 occupants at an
average rage of 135 litres per head per day. The hourly variation factor is taken as
4. Calculate the size of the supply main if residual head at tap outlet having R.L of
38 m is not to fall 1.5 m. Use the formula V=83.5 m
2/3
i
1/2
. [15]

6.a) Briefly discuss the method you will adopt for working out the design capacities of
various laterals, branch sewers, and main sewers, of a sewerage system.
b) Indicate the ratios of max. flow to average flow, to be adopted in the design of
laterals, branches, mains and trunk sewers. How will these calculated maximum
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flows affect their designs? Also discuss as to how the minimum flow in the
sewers, affects their designs. [15]

7.a) Give a list of methods available for treatment of sewage for both rural and urban
conditions.
b) The effluent from a primary settling tank is applied to a standard rate filter at the
rate of 3 million liters per day, having a BOD of 175 mg/l. Determine the depth
and volume of filter, adopting a surface loading of 2000 l/m
2
/day and an organic
loading of 150 g/m
3
/day. Also, determine the efficiency of such filter unit, using
NRC formula. [15]

8.a) What do you understand by digestion of sludge? Differentiate between
anaerobic and aerobic digestion. Explain the mechanism of anaerobic digestion.
b) Explain, with the help of a flow chart, various processes involved in sludge
treatment and disposal. [15]


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