I: Writing a paragraph

- Definition: is a basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of

related sentences develops a main idea.
3 parts in a paragraph: A T!I" #$%T$%"$& #'!!(TI%) #$%T$%"$#&
A%D A "%"*'DI%) #$%T$%"$.
+ A T!I" #$%T$%"$: has , essential parts: the topic and controlling idea.
The topic names the sub-ect or main idea of the paragraph.The controlling idea
ma.e a specific comment about the topic& which indicates what the rest of the
paragraph will sa/ about the topic. A good topic sentence is a complete
sentence with a sub-ect& a verb and genera../ a complement& is usuall/ the first
or last sentence in the paragraph.
$0: Driving on free wa/s re1uires s.ill and alertness
Topic controlling idea
*iving in a dormitor/ helps foreign students improve their $nglish faster.
%ote: a topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific.
$0:
Too general: American food is terrible
Too specific: American food is tasteless and greas/ because American use too
man/ canned& frozen& and prepac.aged foods and because ever/thing is fried in
oil or butter.
)ood: American food is tasteless and greas/
+ #'!!(TI%) #$%T$%"$#: develops the topic sentence. That is& the/
e0plain the topic sentence b/ giving reasons& e0amples& facts& statistics& and
1uotations.
+ T2$ "%"*'DI%) #$%T$%"$: signals the end of the paragraph and
leaves the reader with important points to remember
TW ADDITI%A* $*$3$%T#:
+ '%IT4: means that u discuss onl/ one main idea in a paragraph. The main
idea is stated in the topic sentence& and then and each ever/ supporting sentence
develops thatt idea.
+ "2$($%"$: means that /our paragraph is eas/ to understand and read&
using appropriate transition signals and in logical orders.
$0cercise: Define the topic and controlling idea in the following sentences:
5. Driving in To./o re1uires nerves of steel.
,. *iving in a domitor/ ma/ cause severe culture shoc. for some foreign
students
3. "ommunicating in $nglish is a ma-or problem for foreign students.
$0ercise ,: Write a paragraph including 6-57 sentences for the following topics
- Arranged marriged
- The benefits of foreign travel
- The effects of smo.ing on a person8s health
II. W(IT$ A% $##A4
Definition: is a piece of writing several paragraphs long instead of -ust one or
two paragraphs. 4ou have to write several paragraphs& one for each ma-or point&
then /ou must tie all of the separate paragraphs together b/ adding an
introduction and a conclusion.
An essa/ has 3 main parts:
5. An introductor/ paragraph
,. A bod/ 9 usuall/ , or more paragraphs:
3. A conclusing parapraph
The introductor/ paragraph: consists of , parts: a few general
statements about /our sub-ect to attact /our reader;s attention& and a
thesis stament& to state the specific subdivision of /our topic and<or the =
plan> of /our paper. A thesis statement for an essa/ is -us. li.e a topic
sentence for a paragraph: it names the specific topic and the controlling
ideas or ma-or subdivisions of the topic.
The bod/ consists of one or more paragraphs. $ach paragraph develops
a sub-division of /our topic& it is li.e the same of the main supporting
points of a paragraph. ?urthermore& -ust as /ou can organize the ideas in
a paragraph bb/ chronological order and b/ order of importance& /ou can
organize the paragraph in an essa/ in the same wa/.
The conclusion in an essa/& li.e the concluding sentence in a paragraph&
is a summar/ or review of the mains points discussed in the bod/.
T2$ I%T(D'"T(4 !A(A)(A!2
)eneral statements: @ introduce the topic of the essa/
@ )ive bac.ground information on the topic
Thesis statement: is the most important sentence in the introduction. It
states the main topic& lists the subdivisions of the topic& ma/ indicate the
method of organization of the entire paper& is usuall/ the last
sentence in the introductor/ paragraph.
$.0: Advantages and disavantages of living in the ,5
st
centur/.
A person born in the twent/ first centur/ has seen a lot of changes ta.e
place in almost areas of human life. #ome people are e0cited b/ the
challenges that these changes offerA others want to return to the simpler& less
automated life st/le of the past. *iving in the ,5
st
centur/ has certain
advantatages such as a higher standard of living& but is also has some
disadvantages such as a polluted envirnment& the depersonalization of
human relationships& and the wea.ening of spiritual values.
T2$ "%"*'DI%) !A(A)(A!2
B. a summar/ of the main points or
C. a restatement of /our thesis in different words
and
6. /our final comment on the sub-ect.
$.0: In conclusion& although the ,5
st
centur/ has indeed given us a lot of
advantages b/ ma.ing us richer& healthier and freer to en-o/ our lives& it has&
in m/ opinion& not ma.e us wiser. The ,5
st
centur/ has also made our $arth
dirtier& our benefits of technological advancements because the/ free us to
pursue our interests ans goals. 2owever& we must ma.e a concerted effort to
preserve our natural environment for future generations. 3oreover& we
should ta.e the time now to ma.e our lives more meaningful in an
increasingl/ impersonal& mechanized world.
$0ecise:
5. Advantages and disadvantages of going b/ public transportD for e0ample
b/ bus

I. Nhn din dng :

Loi 1 : Argumentative

Thng l dng cu hi sau cho 2 kin tri chiu v To what extend
do you agree or disagree hoc what are you opinion on this Dng
ny yu cu ngi vit phi dng v 1 quan dim v bo v quan dim
d C ni ln kin ca mnh Vd : c ngi ni rng nghin cu v
tru l khng cn thit nhng c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn c
dng hay ko => chon 1 trong 2 quan dim trn v bo v n, C ni
ln quan dim ca mnh. Loi ny ra thng xuyn nht v n yu cu
ngi vit phi c quan dim ring d dng no v yu cu kin thc
x hi nhiu

Loi 2 : Discussing *Lu : d nhm ln vi loi 1 trn Cng cho 2
kin tri chiu nhau nhng hi Discuss these two views Dng ny yu
cu ngi vit phi m rng, gii thch 2 kin tri chiu nhau- ngha l
ngi vit chi gii thch 2 m d da ra khng ni ln kin ca
mnh Vd : c ngi ni rng nghin cu v tru l khng cn thit nhng
c ngi li ni rng n hu ch, bn hy cho bit quan dim ca 2
kin trn l nh th no


Loi 3 : Advantages v Disadvantages dng d : cho bit u v
nhoc dim ca 1 xu hng no d Vd : hy cho bit u v nhoc
dim ca vic pht trin du ljch ngy nay.

Loi ! : "auses and #$$ects % &ro'(ems and )o(utions da ra 1
hin tong no d, yu cu tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy ra hin
tong d v nhng tc dng ca n / nguyn nhn v nhng gii php
cho hin tong d Vd : ngy cng c nhiu ngi ri b vng qu d
ln thnh ph,, hy tm nhng nguyn nhn dn ti xu hng ny v
nhng tc dng ca n / hy tm ra nhng gii php d hn ch hin
tong ny

II. )*+n chung

1 bi essay hon chinh phi gm dy d c 3 phn ( m bi, thn bi,
kt lun ) Nn nu trong lc vit bn dang vit d thn bi nhng sp
ht gi th hy dng d v vit ngay 1 ci kt cho bi vn, sau d mi
quay ln vit tip don cn d. Nh vy th tnh cht ch v lin mch
s vn doc dm bo ( cc yu t cn li l ng php cao, t vung
rng v idea ) 1 bi tt trong ELTS l bi c 4 don : 1 m bi, 1 kt
bi, 2 don body. Thn bi tt cn c 2 don. Mi don phi c 1 ch
do chnh v doc trnh by ngay cu du tin ca don, sau d l
phu d gii thch cho chnh d, tip theo l 1 v du cho ny, 1 cu d
kt thc don.

III. )*+n cho t,ng dng
3. Advantage and Disadvantage essa-

)-non-m

Advantage Disadvantage
Pros (Ci hay) Cons (Ci d)
Benefit Cost
The up/bright side (Mt tch cuc) The down/dark side (Mt tiu
cuc)
The plus (Bn cng) The minus (Bn tr)
The bonus The shortcoming
The benefit The drawback

.ut(ine

- ntroduction
- Body 1 : Ad 1 + Ad 2 + Example
- Body 2 : disad 1 + disad 2 + Example
- Conclusion

I. Introduction
Starting paragraph : Rephrase the topic and State what is required
- t cannot be denied that .
- t is an indisputable (khng bn ci) fact that .
- n recent times, the general tendency has been that .
- The prevalence (su ph bin/thjnh hnh) of ... has been a
growing cocern in the past few years.
- t's quite common today for .
- X has become more popular than ever before
- X has gained in popularity in recent years,
- X has become a growing trend in many countries
ntroducing Ad & Disad : Neutral, Sitting at a fence (trung lp)
- Like in everything else, there are undoubtedly two sides to this issue
.
- The pros and cons of this issue have been much debated upon .
- There are certainly some benefits as well as drawbacks to this
scenario .
- This situation has surely carried along with it both advantages and
disadvantages.
- n my opinion, while there have certainly have been positive
consequences to this development, the inconveniences it has brought
about should not be overlooked (forgetted, ignored) .
- Just as a coin has two sides, so does this trend have both advantages
and disadvantages...
- X has had both positive and negative effects on our lives
- As with all developments, X has brought both benefits and drawbacks
to our lives

Closing the paragraph/introducing body
- . and both will outline below.
- . and this essay will tackle (gii quyt) the most important ones.
- . and this essay aims to highlight both.

./
- whether or not Rephrase the topic is a controversial question.
Supporters of this main topic claim that State what is required. However,
many other people, believe that another, State what is required. Each of
these views has its own merit.

II. 0od-
Ad 1 : Topic sentence : Transitional device Topic !d "#plaination
(supporting sentences)
- There are strong/plausible reason for supporting the former view. First,
the opinion/idea of $ain topic stands to reason. To begin
with, Supporting idea sentence
- The most obvious benefit gained from this change is .
- A very common gain of these circumtances is .
- For starters, one positive outcome of this is .

Ad 2 : Topic sentence : Transitional device Topic !d "#plaination
(supporting sentences)
- Another valuable result of this is .
- This scenario could also be favorable in terms of (v mt) .
- shouldn't forget to point out how this change could bring about the
positive consequence (h qu) that .

Example
- This could be exemplified (minh hoa bng v du) by .
- As evidence of this, .
- Let me take . as an proof/example

Disad 1
- Of course, there are also strong arguments in favour of (c loi cho)
the latter view/opinion/idea. One is that .
- Nevertheless, the idea of disad is also well-grounded (dng tin cy, c
co s, doc dua trn thuc t, doc chng minh). For one reason, .
- Of course, the primary weakness of this suggestion is that .
- On the other hand, this change could be detrimental (bt loi) in terms
of .
- Regardless of these advantages, one negative outcome that needs to
be addresses (talk about) is .
- However, we should not turn a blind eye on the expected undesirable
outcomes, one of which is the .

Disad 2
- To make matters worse, this scenario could also .
- Another threat worth preparing for is .
- .... is another dangerous possibility.

Example
- A good case in point would be .
- This could be proven by the fact that .
- . would serve as an excellent example.
- For example, .
- The most obvious example to prove is that..
- To prove my point, .
- Let us take the case of .
- A good case in point would be
- ... would be an example worth mentioning.

III. "onc(usion
- n conclusion, it is clear that while this development has ensured
several necessary changes, it has also made society vulnerable (mong
manh d v) to some unplesant ones.
- would like to conclude by saying then that society needs to be aware
of both positive and negative consequences before an- action that
can a(ter the status 1i(( 'e ta2en.
- To sum up, it is imperative (bt buc) to thoroughly examine (xem xt
trit d) both strengths and weaknesses of this suggestion before it can
be applied.

. Cause and effect ( problems and solutions)
Outline
- ntroduction
- Body + Causes (problems)
+ Effects ( Solutions)
- Conclusion
3ro'(ems and so(utions
Details:
ntroduction: - general statement : - n large number around the
world, people are nowadays expressing a deeply growing concern
that......
- t is a well-known fact that +
clause
- Thesis:
* Problems and solutions:
( statating your opinion), there are
several effects/ problems caused by this adverse trend. However, i
believe, there are several measures
to address/tackle/ overcome this problem.
- There are several potential
solutions which i believe would be effective.
- There are a number of factors/
solutions that need to be considered such as.....
Body 1 : Problems - One of the most obvious prolems
is ......................
- Another worrying trend
is................
- The third deleterious effect is
Body 2: Solutions: - To tackle this problem, think the
most obvious solution for....is to......
- A further step/ Another
option/possibility/ good idea is to...
- Furthermore, X could be solved
by....... ( is the best way to....)
Conclusion : n a nutshell ( n short, n
conclusion,......)
"ause and e$$ect
4 ntroduction:
5 Discussion essa-: 67- ( (oi 2h8 nh9t trong 1riting
tas2 2 .
:h;ng th*+ng trong to3ic s< c8 2 (u=ng > 2i?n v m@c
Ach ( ng*+i vi?t 3hBi vi?t trCn Duan iEm cFa 2 (u=ng >
2i?n 8.
Eg:
Some people said the age of books is past. The information will be
presented by video, computers, televisions, films. Others think the books
and the written words will be necessary for spread information and
complete education. Discuss
Topic: Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms.
Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school.
Which of these two school policies do you think is better. Use specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Outline
- ntroduction
- Body 1 : first point (%etter side) + supporting sentences + example
- Body 2 : contrary side + attack + example for explanation
- Conclusion

Introduction : Raise topic &our view
Starting paragraph : Rephrase the topic and State what is required
- There is an increasingly growing popular idea that Rephrase the topic.
- There is a popular claim that Rephrase the topic.
- n large number around the world, people are nowadays expressing a
deeply growing concern about........
- There are some people who hold the view/ opinion that......While
others, by constrast, argue that...

- strongly support the idea that ...
- t is my firm belief that ...
- am of the opinion that ...
' (ersonall), * am %etter convinced of the latter+former view.
' *n m) opnion+view, this level of education should+shouldn,t %e free for
the following reasons.

- ... for reasons will outline below.
- ... and this essay will tackle the most important reasons why ...
- ... and will give the reasons to prove so in this essay.
- !s a consequence, there has %een an endless controversial issue
and the question is whether -----..
' Such idea, however, has raised different arguments among people
of concern
' .owever, there are man) arguments for and against the idea.....of /
./
- Asking a question (the very simplest)
"g 0 : Should universit) students %e o%ligated+required to cover the
whole cost of their studies 1 *n m) opnion+view, this level of education
should+shouldn,t %e free for the following reasons.

"g 2 : 3o all the technologies availa%le to individuals toda) have
greater advantages than disadvantages 1 * firml) %elieve if properl)
used+e#ploited (4hai th5c), all of them have much greater %enefits than
harms.

./
- Criving relevant or Striking or Sensational facts/statistics Cch m bi
gy n tong mnh m, git gn
"g : *n 6erman), 7inland, and some others "uropean countries, higher
recent )ears, three countries have seen drops in their academic
standards. *t is, therefore, suggested that student should %e o%ligated to
pa) for their own studiess. * agree+disagree this statement+opinion for
several reasons.

./
- whether or not .
"g 0 : 8hether or not good qualit) products could sell themselves
without advertising is a controversial question. Some people would sa)
9)es:, arguing that qualit) is of paramount importance. ;thers, however,
claim that qualit) alone is not enough to ensure in large quantities.
(ersonall), * am %etter convinced of the latter+former view.

"g 2 : 8hether or not the current direct contact mode of teaching seen
in all level of education toda) will have %ecome histor) %) 2<=< is a
question of much controvers). Supporter of this conventional (tp qu5n,
th>i quen) teaching method claim that it still will %e of value %) then.
.owever, man) people, m)self included, %elieve that another, more
techonog) %ased mode of teaching will replace it.

Lu rng vi cch m bi ny. Bn nn trnh by tun t nhm
kin ng h! trc" r#i $%u & ' nhm kin (h)n &*i. +hm n,%
' bn kh-ng nn $. /0ng cc i$1'%t2 31r/ 4t5 '67 nu m ch8
9r2:u2ncy;:u%ntiti2$. <= /0

> ?'3%y$ >>@ %'m1$t;virtu%''y;(r%ctic%''y;n2%r'y %'3%y$
> A2v2r >>@ r%r2'y;h%r/'y;$2'/1m n2v2r
> ?'' >>@ %'m1$t %''
> Bv2ry >>@ %'m1$t;n2%r'y 2v2ry1n2

0od- 1 : Transitional device Topic sentence "#planation reason
- To begin with, .
- n the first place, it is irrefutable that..
- Some people believe that .....
- There are quite plausible reasons for.......
- People in favour of..........argue that........
- Another point would like to make is that .
- We should also recognize the fact that
- t is also important to realize that

- For example, .
- The most obvious example to prove is that..
- To prove my point, .
- Let us take the case of .
- A good case in point would be
- ... would be an example worth mentioning.

0od- 2 : "ounter G Argumentation : ;ther side !ttac4 "#ample
' ;n the other hand, without dou%t, there is a wide range of evidences
for supporters to defend their idea that..........
' &et there is a point of view that-..
' ;thers of the opinion that
' .owever, there are also strong reasons wh)
- t is a well-documented fact that.......
- Of course, there is no deny the fact that .
- Admittedly (phi cng nhn rng), it could also be said that .
- would not go so far as to deny that .
- Some people continue to claim that
- On the other hand, some people argue that...
Opponents of the ideas say that.... find it hard to agree because...
Those who disagree (agree) point out that...There may be some truth in
their argument, however, it can not be denied that...
Although some people think that..., such....
Others may argue that....This is partly true, then again....
Others may think that....This point has some merits on its surface.
However....
"onc(usion : Summari?e Restate opinion+topic
- n a nutshell,
- n conclusion/To conclude, .
- Therefore, .
- To sum up, .
- n short, .
- After discussing all the points mentioned above, can finally conclude
that .
- t is therefore safe to say, considering all the factors given, that .
- All in all, regardless of the points to the contrary, it can be concluded
that .
- Generally speaking then, it is clear that .
- Considering all arguments put forward, have arrived at the conclusion
that .
- t can therefore be concluded that......
6ive opinion:
' !ccordingl), * hold firml) to the %elief that
' !ll things considered, i am convinced that
' personall), * %elieve that...............
- ;n %alance, * am %etter convinced that -
' @oth side e#amined, * am in favour of the view that -

- Still (hon na), would like to emphasize that ..
- However, still stand by what said that ..
- reiterate (nhc li rng) however that .
- Nonetheless, it is more important to remember that .
- What they must realize is that .
- The above arguments convince me that ....
#Ham3(e:
:he on(- 1a- to reduce the amount o$ tra$$ic in cities toda- is on
reducing the need $or 3eo3(e to trave( $rom home $or 1or2I
education and sho33ing. :o 1hat eHtent do -ou agreeJ
Cn '%rg2 numb2r %r1un/ th2 31r'/" (21('2 %r2 n13%/%y$
2D(r2$$ing % /22('y gr13ing c1nc2rn %b1ut the traffic status in
cities. +h2r2 %r2 $1m2 (21('2 3h1 h1'/ th2 vi23 th%t the reduction
of the need of traveling from and to work, school or shopping center is
the only method to improve this situation. ?$ % c1n$2:u2nc2" th2r2
h%$ b22n %n 2n/'2$$ c1ntr1v2r$i%' i$$u2 %n/ th2 :u2$ti1n i$
3h2th2r th2r2 i$ 1n'y 1n2 3%y t1 r2m2/y th2 tr%99ic 1r n1t.
Cn th2 9ir$t ('%c2" it i$ irr29ut%b'2 th%t decreasing in the need
of going to and from work, school or shopping center is a good way to
reduce the pressure of traffic. +h2 m1$t 1bvi1u$ 2D%m('2 t1 (r1v2
i$ th%t the rush hours always are exactly the time people going to or
from their office or school. E1r21v2r, in the holidays, the number of
people using their own transportation increase dramatically, specially
the road to shopping center and other enternmaint places are
overcrowded. ?((%r2nt'y, so by such solution, traffic in big cities could
be improved.
Fn th2 1th2r h%n/" 3ith1ut /1ubt" th2r2 i$ % 3i/2 r%ng2 19
2vi/2nc2$ 91r $u((1rt2r$ t1 /292n/ th2ir i/2% th%t reducing the
need of using transportation is not the only one way. Ct i$ % 32''>
/1cum2nt2/ 9%ct th%t the congestion often happen in the roads
having bottleneck. G2nc2, improving the infrastructre is considered
another way of dealing with this situation. Hurth2rm1r2" the lack of
public tranports and explosion of private ones are general accepted
reason leading to this problem. +h2r291r2, an increase of public
transports replacing individuals should be the best way to some certain
extent.
Cn % nut$h2''" although the reduction in need might be a good
way, there is no denying that it is not the only way. ?cc1r/ing'y" C h1'/
9irm'y t1 th2 b2'i29 th%t traffic problem is complicated issue and in
order to completely tackle, we need to take a variety of solutions.
Ii$cu$$ b1th vi23$ %n/ giv2 y1ur 1(ini1n

Cch 1
ntro : A > B
Para 1 : Your side
Para 2 : Other side Attack
Conclusion : A > B
- On balance, am better convinced that .
- Both side examined, am in favour of the view that .

V cch trnh by dng bi ny ging vi dng Ad & Disad. im khc
l kh 3 khi bn v Disad, doc trnh by di dng Counter
Argument tc l bn da ra kha cnh khc ca vn d. Sau d da ra
quan dim ca mnh d ph djnh n. Sau d da ra Example d thm
thuyt phuc. Phn kt lun ngoi cc cu v thng v pht, bn phi
da ra quan dim ca mnh cho vn d d.

Cch 2
ntro
Para 1 : Ad A + Disad B
Para 2 : Ad B + Disad A
Conclusion : Both side considered, it is hard to say whether one should
prioritise %oth side topic. Hoc s dung conclusion ca Ad v Disad.

0rainstorm
Bn k 2 ct (agree vs disagree/ad vs disad) v vit tt c cc idea bn
c th ngh ra d l n v dung nht. Sau d lng cc nhm idea c v
ging nhau li, paraphrase chng.

1. Loi 1 : Argument

?. E bi

V l dng d tranh lun nn cn phi ni ln quan dim ca mnh ngay trn
m bi, thng l cu nm st cu cui cng. Cu cui cng l cu ni
ln nhng kin support cho quan dim ca ng vit ( thng l 2 ),
cu cui ny rt quan trong v nguyn phn body, gm 2 pagagraph
phi gn b vi 2 kin ny 1 cch ln lot. Nu nh body m di lc
khi 2 ny l sai v mt dim. Nhng trong bi hng dn ny ti
hng dn cc bn cch vit cu cui an ton, nh th c th pht
trin body khng cn worries c bj lc khi chnh d xc djnh hay
khng.

6 1: internet d pht trin trn khp th gii v tr nn ph bin vi
moi ngi. vy liu the internet s lm moi ngi suy ngh v hnh
dng nh nhau, quan dim ca bn nh th noThe internet has
developed around the world and become popular with all people. So,
could it cause people to think and act the same What is your opinion

The past years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the availability
of the nternet. t is indisputable (tranh lun) that it has brought
significant benefits to our lives in many spheres such as economy and
science. Yet, this raises a certain problem as to whether the nternet will
cause its users throughout the world to think and act in the same way or
not. While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that
the nternet is not capable of inducing (thuyt phuc) people to think and
act the same. There are two reasons for my perspective on this

6 2: c ngi ni ht thuc khng tt v nn bj cm hon tan, bn c
dng khng. Some people argue that smoking should be banned
because of its adverse effects on health. Do you agree or disagree with
this proposition

The past years have witnessed an increase in number of people who
have died from smoking-related diseases. This raises a certain problem
as to whether tobacco should be banned or not. While there are valid
arguments to the contrary, it is my position that tobacco and its products
should indeed be made illegal. There are two reasons for my
perspective on this.


6 3 : c ngi ni khng nn cu nhng con dng vt dang trn b
vuc tuyt chng v chng khng c ch dn vi cuc sng con ngi,
bn c dng khng Some people argue that we should not rescue the
animals that are nearing extinction because they are not useful for
human life.

The past years have witnessed a significant increase in the number
of animals that have become extinct out. This raises a certain problem
as to whether humans should attempt to save endangered species or
not.While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my position that
they should in fact be preserved. There are two reasons for my
perspective about this.

B. +hJn bi K

Thn bi ca dng argument phi gm 2 support cho quan dim
( dng / khng dng ) nn ngi chm thng nhn vo 2 cu du
tiu ca 2 paragraph xem c dng sn hay khng. Sn hay v
chun thng nh sau. Ch mi paragraph phi c 1 cu du l
bao trm cho don. cc cu sau d gii thch cho ny, c 1 cu v du,
v 1 cu kt.

6 1 : Firstly, one point that is absolutely pivotal is the fact that
individuals in reality have different approaches to reaching their opinions
about certain problems. Although the nternet has connected many
isolated or less well developed communities to the modern world, each
culture has its own values, which strongly impact its residents. Further,
male and female naturally have distinct features, which mean they
frequently do not respond identically to maor issues. Especially in
contemporary societies these days, the approach to the right of freedom
in publicly expression of opinions have been legitimized by legislation in
some countries. The American legal system could be taken as a
particularly salient example of this.

Equally importantly, the nternet has gained currency word wide. n spite
of this fact, a vast amount of material on the internet is difficult to
obtain.. The nternet is still constrained in several nations due to rigid
government policies which restrict citizens from accessing sensitive
information, which is often considered illegal. Thus, it doesn't mean that
the development of the nternet could result in uniformity of ideas and
opinions. For instance, social networks such as Face book and Twitter
have been recently prohibited unofficially in both Vietnam and China in
an attempt to prevent changes in the political conditions in these
socialist countries.

L. Mt bi K

6 1: n conclusion, would agree that the nternet has placed the
entire the world at our fingertips and it is fairly straightforward to access
it. Nevertheless, uniformity of thought, speech or action is highly unlikely
to occur in the foreseeable future, given the differences in traits among
people and the restrictions on the free flow of information in certain
countries.

:o3ic:
Nowada)s the wa) man) people interact with each other has changed
%ecause of
technolog). *n what wa)s has technolog) affected the t)pes of
relationships people ma4e1
.as this %ecome a positive or negative development1
6ive reasons for )our answer and include an) relevant e#amples from
)our own
4nowledge and+or e#perience. 8rite at least 2=< words.
#Ham3(e 1 K'and LM
Advancement in technology has resulted in a significant change of
ways, the people
interact with each other as these days cheap and easily options are
available.
The current wide availability of cell phones and internet has resulted in a
resistance
among people to physically meet and interact because people think that
when they can
communicate with their relatives and friends without physically meeting
there, so why not
interacting with them virtually. This has a significant bearing on the
relationship people
make only because meeting personally actually give people a sense of
satisfaction and
care. know one of my neighbours, was complaining me about the
same sort of
incident. There lives an old man who is living alone as his only son is
doing a ob in
different city. Several years before, his son was used to visit his father
personally,
however, as he could communicate now more on internet, his physical
visits had
reduced. The old men misses him a lot these days.
deally, the technology benefits should be enriched in such a way that it
should not
negatively affects human's lives. Unfortunately this doesn't seems to be
the case.
People focusing on saving money, is not giving true importance to the
relationships. For
families/friends living in different countries, this is certainly a good deal
but when your
relatives and friends are living within the same city/country, one should
ensure that using
technology should not prevent tem from taking care of their families.
was attending a seminar in which the topic was focused on impact of
technology.
The panel was discussing their knowledge that people complain them
that now friends
and families only communicate when they think they have time because
when someone
knows that he has options to communicate whenever he wants, then
there is a tendency
to procrastinate.
The relationships and feelings are true assets of people, therefore, it is
indispensible to
ensure that although one should take benefits from advancements in
technology but
should not target their beloved ones from fulfilling their duty to care and
give proper
attention.
#Ham3(e 2 K'and NM
t is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication
between people. Technology has affected relationships in various ways,
and in my opinion there are both positive and negative effects.
Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education
and social life. Firstly, telephones and the nternet allow business
people in different countries to interact without ever meeting each other.
Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships
between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take
video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many
people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and
find people who share common interests, and they interact through their
computers rather than face to face.
On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive.
Cooperation between people in different countries was much more
difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams.
Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as
face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions,
either in work or social contexts. On the other hand, the availability of
new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating
people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young
people choose to make friends online rather than mix with their peers in
the real world, and these virtual' relationships are a poor substitute for
real friendships.
n conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication
between people, but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been
positive.
DEn bEi I$*T# Writing tas. ,
C 3 loi essay trong Writing Task 2 d l : Argumentative essay,
discussion essay v account essay.
+ Argumentative essay: Thng trong topic s c 1 statement v kt thc
bi nhng cu hi nh: Do you agree or disagree with the above
statement hoc To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement hoc To what extent would you support or reect the idea of
moving these subects from school curriculum
dng essay ny, cch trnh by doc th hin nh sau
- ntroduction: paraphrasing of the essay statement (khng rewrite
statement) + thesis statement ni l n opinion ca ngi vit l agree or
disagree with the statement.
Template:
Many people think that ....However feel...
According to some people....Personally believe....
Some people are of the opinion that...Nevertheless, think...
EG:
Topic: Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female
students in every subect. To what extent do you agree or disagree
My introduction:
Many people think that universities should accept equal numbers of male
and female students in every subect. n my opinion, universities are
places where we choose to continue to study and no matter if you are a
woman or a man, so there is no need to distinguish male from female
students there. (...for some following reasons (optional))
- Body paragraph: Thng c 2 don trong phn Body.
on 1 ni v l do ti sao ngi vit li agree or disagree with the
statement, trnh by theo nhng cch don gin nh:
The first reason is...., the second reason is....
My main reason is...., Another ustification is..., Last but not least....
on 2 ni v refuting the opposing idea. Tc l ngi vit s da ra
kin ca nhng ngi tri ngoc ti sao li c suy ngh tri ngoc vi
mnh nhng sau d s dng cch lp lun phn bc li kin d (nhng
ch khng doc da ra kin lp li vi nhng l do d nu trn, v vy
nn dnh 1 l do nu trn cho kin di ny).
Template nh sau:
Opponents of the ideas say that.... find it hard to agree because...
Those who disagree (agree) point out that...There may be some truth in
their argument, however, it can not be denied that...
Although some people think that..., such....
Others may argue that....This is partly true, then again....
Others may think that....This point has some merits on its surface.
However....
- Conclusion: Restate what you think and make any suggestions if you
want.
+ Account essay: Tham kho bn topic: Discuss Essays in Writing Task 2
in ELTS ti link: http://www.olympiavn.org/forum/index.phptopic=3312.
REFUTNG THE OPPOSNG DEA N AN ARGUMENTATVE ESSAY
. What is refuting
- Refuting an opposing view means that you have to prove that the
argument of those who disagree with you is wrong. This makes your
arguments stronger and more convincing.
- A good argument always takes the opposing point of view seriously.
Refuting is often used in an argumentative/persuasive essay.
Example
Topic: Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms.
Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school.
Which of these two school policies do you think is better. Use specific
reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Whether to make school uniforms compulsory or not has long been a
controvesial issue. Students are required to wear uniforms at some high
schools while are allowed to wear what they want at others. am
personally inclined to agree with the mandatory use of unifors at high
school for a number of obvious benefits this policy offers.
One of the most obvious benefits of such a policy is that it makes high
school more affordable for both students and their parents. Clothing,
especially trendy, fashionable clothing, is very expensive and teenagers
usually want to have several different outfits in their wardrobes and for
some, the more the better. When there is no possibility of dressing
fashionably at school, a students's clothing bill will go down drastically.
Furthermore wearing the same school uniform as everyone else eliminates
a significant source of discomfort and self-consciousness for many
teenagers: the uncertainty that what they are wearing is right. Such anxiety
interferes with a student's ability to act in ways that show his or her
personality to advantage.
Finally, a mandatory school-uniform policy will reduce the amount of
teasing and bullying among students. Currently, many students are teased
or put down simply because they dress differently from everyone else or
because they can't afford to dress like the maority. Once all students wear
the same uniform, there will be much less opportunity for these kinds of
intimidating behaviors.
Opponents of uniforms at school argue that the policy may create a boring
scholl environment since all students wear the same things and this can
discourage students from learning effectively. find it hard to agree with
this argument since whether a school environment is interesting or not
depends on a number of factors including teaching methods, extra-
curricular activities other than student's outfits. Another opposing view of
uniforms is that students should have freedom to show their diversity
through the way they dress. This is partly true, then again, the main
purpose of school is to provide an environment for students to learn and
obtain knowledge and skills, not a place to show their fashions. They have
a lot of chance to do this outside school. Futhermore, your outfit is not
necessarily the only way to demonstrate diversity at school. Diversity may
be the variations in thinking, ways of learning, personalities.
For all the above reasons, believe that students should be required to
wear uniforms at school. Perhaps, each school can ask students' opinions
on the way its uniform is designed so that at least the uniform can reflect
their needs and taste and thus can be more welcomed by its users.
. Structures for Refuting an opposing view
a. Concessional disagreement
Opponents of the idea say that...There may be some truth in their
argument, however, it can not be denied that.
Those who disagree point out that.. Perhaps this is true, but it can not be
denied that.
Those who disagree point out that..This is partly true, then again,...
Those who disagree point out that..This point has some merits on its
surface. However,.
b. Mild disagreement
Although some people think that., such.
Others may argue that., find it hard to agree because..
Others may argue that. Nevertheless, can not agree for the following
reasons.
ELTS Writing: connective words
These connective words are awesome, but they won't help you if you are
seeing them for the first time and don't know how to use them in a
sentence. So now, am repeating the whole list with examples, where
appropriate.
Addition
in addition
In additionI I 1ou(d (i2e to 3oint out that m- neigh'or is
distur'ing me (ate at night.
and simi(ar(-
Oour (i$e 1i(( change $orever and simi(ar(-I -our 1ho(e $ami(- 1i((
$ee( the change.
(i2e1ise
)ome 3eo3(e have (itt(e time $or a ho''-I and have (i2e1ise (itt(e
1i(( to get one.
as 1e(( as
0eaut-I as 1e(( as smartsI is a remar2a'(e Dua(it-
'esides
Pe arenQt $riends. 0esidesI I donQt $ee( itQs m- 3(ace to set him
straight.
$urthermore
"om3uters are getting $aster and $aster these da-sR $urthermoreI
their cost is getting (o1er and (o1er.
a(so
moreover
IQve 1anting a change $or a (ong timeI moreoverI I $ee( I deserve
one.
and then too
not on(- S 'ut a(so
Not on(- this 3roduct is good $or -our hairI 'ut a(so $or the
1ho(e 'od-.
)eDuence
$irstK(-M initia((-
Initia((-I -ou 1ou(d start 3utting a 3(an together.
secondK(-M
to 'egin 1ith
:o 'egin 1ithI -ou 1i(( need to commit a 3ortion o$ -our time to
stud-ing.
then
neHt
ear(ier%(ater
Later on there comes a stage 1hen -our s2i((s are 3ut to a test.
a$ter this%that
$o((o1ing this%that
"onseDuence
as a resu(t
I studied 1e(( and as a resu(tI I got a high score.
thus
so
there$ore
I 1as -ounger and there$oreI (ess eH3erienced.
conseDuent(-
it $o((o1s that
there'-
I u3set m- $riendI there'- causing her 3ain.
eventua((-
then in that case
admitted(-
Admitted(-I he is the smartest 3erson I 2no1.
"ontrast
ho1ever
:he 'oo2 is eH3ensiveI ho1ever itQs 1orth it.
on the other hand
)he sa-s she $ee(s $ineI on the other handI her $ace is 3a(e and she
doesnQt (oo2 hea(th-.
des3ite
in s3ite o$
In s3ite o$ the di$$icu(tiesI the tas2 1as com3(eted.
though
Te sti(( insistsI though he 2no1s that 1onQt do an- good.
a(though
'ut
on the contrar-
:he music didnQt (i$t her s3iritI on contrar-I it made her $ee( 1ea2
and vu(nera'(e again.
other1ise
-et instead o$
Te $e(t un1e(comeI -et instead o$ (eavingI he sta-ed.
rather
#ggs $or 'rea2$ast is not a good ideaI I 1ou(d rather have some
toast.
1hereas
Te 1as her true (oveI 1hereas $or him she 1as Uust another
gir($riend.
nonethe(ess
Phi(e the- didnQt trust each otherI nonethe(ess the- 1or2ed
together $or man- -ears.

/#)V/e(ia'(e #ng(ish )choo(

/#) K /e(ia'(e #ng(ish )choo( M l trung tm ngoi ng chuyn
v (u-n thi I#L:)I :.#I" vti?ng anh giao ti?3 ch9t (*Wng, hin
c co s ti H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh vi di ng gio vin bn
x (Anh, c, M, Canada) nhiu kinh nghim, chuyn mn cao. D chi
mi thnh lp t thng /2 nhng RES d nhanh chng dt doc
vj tr s 1 v luyn thi ELTS ti H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh nh
vo cht long gio vin nc ngoi sut sc quen thuc vi sinh vin
nhiu trng H Ngoi Thong, uc Gia, inh t, Ngn cng di ng
t vn, nhn vin tn tm v chuyn nghip. Thnh tch ni bt ca
RES l d c 3 hoc vin dt . ELTS, hon hoc vin dt . ELTS
v hng trm hoc vin dt ..
ng link bng dim hoc vin xut sc ti RES

Cho c nh,
Trong bi vit ln ny, San da ra thm hai v du v Writing Task 2
doc dim . v ./. v hi vong s gip moi ngi bit lm th no
d vit tt trong phn thi vit th hai ca ELTS.
Trong v du du tin, ngi vit mc mt s li ng php, t vung v
dnh vn--> Band .
Trong v du th hai, ngi vit kt hop dng ng php v t vung co
bn ln phc tp m khng mc li. Bi vit loogic v d hiu --> Band
./.

3A("2 ,& ,75,F:,7 A3
Cc l u cho Writing Task 2
By Minh Hoa
Rt nhiu trng i hc yu cu tng im IELTS phi trn
6.5 v khng c mn no di 6. Tuy nhin, iu ny li
gy ra tr ngi cho khng t th sinh bi cc ki nng khc
tm n ri nhng li dnh con writing 5.5. iu ny qu
tht rt ng tic bi k thuc ly im 6 writing th bn
cn lu mt vi im sau:
u tin l tng cho bi vit. tro gip ci
ny bn c th tham kho sch ca "Ideas topic for IELTS
ca thy Simon m mnh review li kh ki cng
trong note. Mt lu nh y l bt c khi no kt thc
mt idea v chuyn sang bn lun vn khc th bn nn
s dung cc linking words bo hiu cho c gi iu
ny. y chnh l b kp ca band 6 or 7 khi bit dng t
ni cc loi ng cch nhm lm tng tnh mch lc ton
on vn.
Vn th 2 quyt inh band im bi vit ca
bn chnh l tnh gn kt ca cc , cc cu vi nhau to
thnh mt th thng nht, hon chnh. Theo logic thng
thng th ngi vit phi trnh by cc ideas theo dng
zic-zac vi i tong bn lun ca cu trc s oc cp
li mt phn trong cu sau. Nh vy yu cu ca mt on
vn mch lc chnh l " cu sau lp li mt phn ch th
ca cu t!"c v #a !a mt vi th$ng tin m"i. Cn c
vo s c 2 tnh hung xy ra khi m 1/ cu vn ca
bn "mt lin lc khi bt thnh lnh a ra mt ni dung ko
lin quan g n nhng phn pha trc v v hnh chung
tr nn "lc lng gia ton on. Li ny hay gp nht
cc developing sentences bi ni dung m n cn h tro
nhiu khi khng n nhp vi ch . Do , cn cn trng
trong vic lua chn supporting ideas nu mun nng im
vit ca mnh. Tnh hung th 2 l mc d bn nhc li
ch th nhng li ch loanh quanh restate n m khng a
ra oc thng tin ng gi no. Li ny thm ch cn gp
c trong ting Vit vi li ph thng gp l "vn lng
cng.
Nh vy gip c nh tng im coh%!%nc%
an& coh%sion th mnh a ra 3 gii php:
Cch u tin on gin nht l nhc li keywords ca
cu trc khi vit cu tip theo. Phong php ny c th
dng khi b t v thi gian khng cho php nhng tuyt
i khng oc lm dung nu khng mun bi tr im.
Do cch th 2 cho php khc phuc nhoc im trn
khi s dung synonyms ca ch th, va avoid repetition
va show oc vn t ca mnh. Nh th li mt ln na
vn hc t ng cch cn oc lu tm.
Gii php cui cng l s dung pronouns hay
demonstratives nh this, these, that, those, such.nhm
nhc li ch th cu trc mt cch ngn gn (xin xem
li chong 8 cun Grammar for IELTS ca Diana Hopkin
v ni dung ny).
Tip theo l ng' php bi n chim tng
im writing ca bn. Cu th y mnh mun cp
chnh l vic #a &ng cc loi cu s dung trong ton bi.
Bn thn mnh tng c 1 vi bi vit thuc dng
"monotonous nghia l gn nh mi cu trong bi ch oc
vit theo 1 format : subject and verb nn mc d n
khng c li grammar no ng k nhng vn khng oc
nh gi cao. x l iu ny th cn a vo nhiu loi
cu khc nhau nh:
- Prepositional phrase( )*t%! lunch, she can have a
little bit of free time
- Verbal phrase: +%ing a hous%,i*% in Iran can
mean no job, career or social activity.
- Adverb: )&mitt%&l-, globalization has been
occurring throughout the world.
- Adverb clause: )*t%! %v%!-bo&- l%av%s hom%,
she starts cleaning the house and washing clothes.
- Combine sentences (and, but.)
- Complex sentences (which, that, while, whereas.)
Nhiu th sinh hi hng process v khng bit lm
th no gn kt my ci hnh v v mi tn ri rc nhau
li. Thuc ra gii quyt vn th ch on gin l avoid
"monotonous trong writing diagram bng cch s dung a
dng nhng kiu cu trn. Ngoi ra, n cng gip bn
trnh oc 1 li na cng hay gp l `dich word by word
khi vit bi nu ch s dung cu kiu "subject and verb th
bn mi ch vit ra idea dng th ch cha gt gia n theo
cch din t academic. Mt iu na cn lu l t l cu
on/ cu phc trong bi vit l 1/1 nn cn thit phi
review li cch vit cu on academic (trong note v noun
phrases c nh nh).
Cui cng l bi vit phi mang tnh
aca&%micv lm oc iu ny th bn cn phn bit
gia formal v informal trong cch din t (xin xem li
note 2 bi vit - 1 ni dung c oc v du v mng
ny). Nh th bn cn trnh cch din t informal nh
vit tt (dont, wont..) hay bt u cu bng "fanboys :
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. ng thi hn ch a cc
ngi " I, you, we vo bi vit m thay n bng cc cch
din t gin tip nh `it is advisable that.. Bn cnh
cng cn s dung hi ha cc modal verbs (might, could,
possibly, probability.) bi vit formal v khch quan
hon.
Nm oc tt c nhng iu trn ri th gi l
lc bt tay vo luyn tp thi. Theo kinh nghim ca mnh
th khng cn thit phi vit qu nhiu m thay vo nn
u t chun bi trc mi bi vit. Di nhin mun vit tt
th phi c nhiu nm oc cch din t cng nh cu
trc ng php hay m mnh c th p dung li. ng trc
mt bi mi th ng nn hm h vit ngay m phi
chun bi kh ki cng v ideas v t vung lin quan n ch
cc dng academic, collocations and phrases. Nu
cm thy cha tu tin bn c th post bi ln mi
ngi suggest cc ideas hay t vung lin quan. Khi vit
xong ri th ng qun c li loi bt nhng li chnh t
hay lp t m bn khng .
Kt lun: Nhiu bn c nghi writing l ki nng kh
ko th nng cao oc, tht ra b quyt ca n ch gi gn
trong 2 ch .ch/m ch01 v .kh$ng s2 sai13 Mnh tin chc
mi ln oc ngi khc ch ra li th chc chn bn s ghi
nh n tt hon ln sau trnh vp phi.
Tch cuc vit + cha bi cng nhau c nh nh!
PS: mnh cng nhn thy mt s bn c phn
thiu tu tin v khng c iu kin i hc trung tm ny n
bi cho rng mn writing hay speaking th cn c gio trnh
hay thy c. Tht ra iu ny khng c co s bi mi ngi
l mt kh nng khc nhau v bn hon ton c th lm
oc vi quyt tm, n luc cng nh phong php ng
n
"G thH lE :
I Idea development
J one main idea 9 vK dG tivi cL hMi cho communication trong gia NOnh :
J several supporting<reasoning points 9 NPa ra cQc lR do tMi sao& mSi lR do lE
mTt NoMn :
J specific e0amples 9 NPa ra cQc vK dG thUt cG thH& nhVt lE W chX mYt NYt tZnW
lu[n cho vK dG c\a mOnh :
I $ssa/ organization#au N]/ lE B .iHu N^ ha/ gYp nhVt trong cQc ._ thi c\a
$T#
5. Agreeing or Disagreeing:
J !ic. one of the two opposing views and defend /our choice 9 ch`n 5 trong
, 1uan NiHm trQi chi^u a N^ bEi vE bbo vc cho 1uan NiHm c\a mOnh:
J $.g.
I Do /ou agree or disagree with the following statementD Television
has destro/ed communication among friends and famil/.
J T/pe: argumentative and one-sided 9 N]/ lE loMi argumentative vE chX 5
phKa th[i& chdng ta chX bbo vc phKa c\a mOnh mE .o cen 1uan t]m v^ phKa
c\a Nfi phPgng :
I Introduction: Thesis statement and ta.e stand 9 nhhc lMi N^ bEi bing gi`ng
vjn c\a bMn vE ch`n 1uan NiHm mE bMn sk bbo vc :
I lod/
J Arguments @ evidence 9chosen perspective: 9 NPa ra ngu/Zn nh]n cho
1uan NiHm NL vE cQc vK dG NH minh h`a :
J "ounter-arguments @ evidence @ issues 9optional: 9 cQc bMn cmng cL thH
NPa ra nhnng luUn NiHm c\a Nfi phPgng NH roi ph]n tKch ra .hipm .hu/pt
c\a nLA nhP Nq nLi N]/ lE loMi 5 phKa nZn cQi nE/ lE optional& npu bMn crn
thsi gian thO cho vEo& .o cL thO th[i& .o sao :
I "onclusion
J (einforcement of thesis 9 nhhc lMi 1uan NiHm c\a mOnh th[i :
,. #tating a preference 9 ch`n cQi mE bMn thKch hgn trong , cQi :
J discuss<compare and contrast both sides of an issue. 4ou
must also state /our own personal preference. 9 bMn cen nLi v^ cb hai vE so
sQnh chdng vE sau NL lE NPa ra lta ch`n c\a mOnh :
J $.g.
I "ompare and contrast .nowledge gained from e0perience with
.nowledge gained from boo.s. In /our opinion& which source is more
importantD
J T/pe: argumentative and two sided
I Introduction
J Thesis statement and ta.e stand 9 gifng a trZn :
I lod/
J Arguments @ evidence 95st perspective: 9 NPa ra luUn NiHm nZu lZn lui thp
c\a 1uan NiHm 5 vE vK dG :
J Arguments @ evidence 9,nd perspective: 9 NPa ra luUn NiHm nZu lZn lui thp
c\a 1uan NiHm , vE vK dG :
J $valuation and position 9 so sQnh vE NQnh giQ , 1uan NiHm sau NL ch`n cQi
mE mOnh Pa hgn :
I "onclusion
J (einforcement of thesis 9 mTt NoMn nna NH nhhc lMi cQi mE mOnh thKch hgn
:
3. )iving an e0planation 9 gibi thKch 5 hicn tPung nEo NL :
J describe what something is& how it happened& wh/ it occurs&
or how it is different.
J $.g.
I !eople attend college or universit/ for man/ different reasons. Wh/
do /ou thin. people attend college or universit/D
9 loMi nE/ thO lE dv nhVt roi& vO chdng ta chX phbi tranh luUn cho Ndng 5 phKa
vE chX vicc npu lR do vE vK dG NH support :
J T/pe: argumentative and one-sided
I Introduction
J Thesis statement
I lod/
J Arguments @ evidence
I "onclusion
J (einforcement of thesis
B. ffering a solution
J determine what needs to be done in a h/pothetical situation
J $.g.
I When students move to a new school& the/ sometimes face
problems. 2ow can schools help these students with their problemsD
J T/pe: persuasive and one sided
I Introduction
J Thesis statement
J (ecommended action 9 npu lu[n N^ nghw c\a bMn NH gibi 1u/pt vVn N^ :
I lod/
J Arguments @ evidence
I "onclusion
J (einforcement of thesis 9 nhhc lMi vVn N^ :
J (ecommended action 9 nhhc lMi N^ nghw :
xfi vyi cQc loMi bEi thO .hQc nhau thO chdng ta cL nhnng mGc tiZu .hQc
nhau:
J T$?*<I$*T#: focus more on 2W 9writing mechanics& linear
development& and academic vocabular/:
J outline and paragraph structure 9 phbi tz ch{c bEi essa/ r| rEng& R nEo ra R
NL& hq/ vipt outline trPyc vE Ni^n cQc R chKnh vEo cQc NoMn roi myi vipt :
J flow of ideas 9 cQc R phbi li^n mMch& tr[i chb/& trong mTt NoMn chX nZn Ni
theo mTt R vyi phQt triHn tu/pn tKnh :
J lin.ing words 9cohesive devices or transitional phrases: 9 gina cQc c]u vE
trong mTt c]u phbi cL mTt mSi liZn .pt r| rEng vE chYt chk :
I }ocabular/
J vocabular/ range 9 s~ dGng t vtng hup lR& .o nZn cL 1uQ nhi^u W big W
words& mSi NoMn chX cen 5-, t lE NPuc& thH hicn range c\a mOnh rVt rTng :
J idiomatic e0pression 9 npu s~ dGng NPuc cQc idiom hup lR thO sk rVt tft
cho bEi vjn& gidp nL tt nhiZn hgn :
I )rammar
J sentence comple0it/ 9 cL ghng vipt 5 vEi c]u ph{c vyi ,-3 clauses tra lZn
thH hicn .hb njng ngn phQp c\a mOnh :
I #t/listic issues
J spelling& punctuation and la/out 9 get rid of tVt cb nhnng lSi sill/ nE/&
chdng lE .o NQng cL trong bVt ._ bEi essa/ nEo: