Control Process

Control techniques and system are essentially same for controlling

cash, office procedure, morale, product quality, or any thing else
the control problems what ever it is found and what ever is being
controlled it involves 4 steps.
I) Establishment of standards
!he first step in the control process is establishing
standards. "tandards are the targets against which subsequent
performance will be compared. "tandards are the bases of #udging result.
!he control process aims at measuring the actual performance with the
standard set. !hey serve as the bench mar$s,
%ence setting standard for all the activities of an organi&ation is very
essential.
!he control standards are broadly divided in to two categories.
') (uantitative standards
)) (ualitative standard
') (uantitative "tandard
!hese are generally e*pressed in physical or monetary terms, li$e
production, finance, sales etc.
!hese (uantitative standards may be further divided into 4 types.
+) !ime standard
It states the length of time.
E* +n airline pilot has a standard time span which to ma$e a
certain trip.
,) Cost standard
It based on the Cost of Producing the goods or services, such as
cost per unit, material cost per unit, selling cost per unit.
C) Productivity standard
It based on the output of goods or services
during a set of time period.
-) .evenue standard
"uch as annual sales for department etc.
). (ualitative standard
It consists of certain intangible items, li$e
goodwill, employee morale, Industrial relation etc.
II) /easurement of Performance
+fter standard are set the ne*t step in the
control process is the measurement of performance. %ere actual
performance of employee is measured against the standard fi*ed for his
#ob. !his should be done in an ob#ective /anner. !he question that arise
in this stage
0hat to measure1
%ow to measure1
%ow to solve problem1
!he +nswer to these questions is clear2 it is the performance that has
to be measured. %ere performance of wor$er is easy to measure but
performance of personal manager is difficult to measure.
III) Compassion of +ctual performance with standard
It is one of the third step in the control
process. %ere actual performance is compared with the standards fi*ed. It
is necessary that standard are developed adequately and actual
performance is measured accurately, that performance can be found out
by a study of various summaries of figures, reports, and statements etc.
"o when control system is well organi&ed then a quic$ comparison of
actual performance with standard fi*ed is possible.
4. !a$ing Correction action
!he last and 3inal step in the control
Process is ta$ing corrective action when required, corrective steps are
initiated by managers, with a view to rectify the defects in actual
performance, !here is need for the manager to ta$e corrective actions
immediately there corrective action includes the change in strategy
structure, compensation practice, training programme etc.