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Introduction
14/10/98
For The Beginning Topic See Describing Motion I
Components of Vectors:
The affect of the original vector in particular direction
Component vector is smaller then the original vector
Equation: x = v .cos
x = Component vector
v = Original vector
= Angle between them
14.4
45
x
x = 14.4 cos 45
10.1
Relative Velocity:
When two objects A and B are in motion, velocity of object A relative to that of B.
To find relative velocity add the negative of velocity of B to the velocity of A
(Subtracting Vectors)
Equation: v A rel B = v A v B
v A rel B = The velocity of A relative to B (m.s-1)
v A = Velocity of A (m.s-1)
v B = Velocity of B (m.s-1)
Projectile Motion
16/10/98
Motion:
The path of the object fits the mathematical function known as a parabola
The maximum range is achieved by firing an object at 45
Proof:
‘Y’ Component:
u . sin
Equation: ty =
g
ty = Vertical time = Time to top or time to bottom (s)
u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
= Initial fired angle
g = Gravity (m.s-2)
Proof:
u y = u .sin …(1)
vy = 0 …(2)
ay = g …(3)
v y = u y + a y .ty …(4)
Sub (1), (2) & (3) into (4):
0 = u .sin + ( g ).ty
u . sin
ty =
g
u 2 . sin 2
Equation: sy =
g
s y = Vertical displacement (m)
u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
= Initial fired angle
g = Gravity (m.s-2)
Proof:
u y = u .sin …(1)
vy = 0 …(2)
ay = g …(3)
2 2
v y = u y + 2. a y . s y …(4)
Sub (1), (2) & (3) into (4):
0 = u 2 .sin2 + 2.( g ). s y
u 2 . sin 2
s y=
g
‘X’ Component:
2.u . sin
Equation: tx =
g
tx = Horizontal time = To top then to bottom = Total time = t (s)
u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
= Initial fired angle
g = Gravity (m.s-2)
Proof:
Time to top or time to bottom:
u . sin
ty =
g
Total time up then down:
2.u . sin
ty = tx =
g
u 2 . sin 2
Equation: sx =
g
s x = Horizontal displacement = Range (m)
u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
= Initial fired angle
g = Gravity (m.s-2)
Proof:
u x = u .cos …(1)
v x = u .cos …(2)
ax = 0 …(3)
2.u . sin
tx = …(4)
g
s x = u x .tx + ½. a x .tx2 …(5)
Sub (1), (2), (3) & (4) into (5):
u 2 .2. sin . cos
sx =
g
u 2 . sin 2
sx =
g
v
Fc
r
Angular Velocity:
The rate at which angular displacement changes.
Equation: =
t
= Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
= Angle (rad)
t = Time (s)
Period of Rotation:
Time for one revolution
2.
Equation: T=
T = Period (s)
= Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
Proof:
Since = :
t
= 360 = 2. …(1)
One revolution is denoted as T …(2)
Sub (1) & (2) into equation:
2.
T=
Frequency:
Number of revolutions in a second
1
Equation: f =
T
f = Frequency (Hz)
T = Period (s)
Equation: f=
2.
f = Frequency (Hz)
= Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
Instantaneous Velocity:
Tangent to the circle
Equation: v = r.
v = Instantaneous velocity (m.s-1)
r = Radius (m)
= Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
v2
Equation: ac =
r
a c = Acceleration towards the centre (m.s-2)
v = Velocity (m.s-1)
r = Radius (m)
Equation: a c = r.2
a c = Acceleration towards the centre (m.s-2)
r = Radius (m)
= Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
Proof:
Since:
v2
ac = …(1)
r
And:
v = r. …(2)
Sub (2) into (1):
a c = r.2