DATABASE AND DATA WAREHOUSE

What do organizations do with information as an

important resource?
1. Process i nformati on i n the form of transacti ons
2. Use i nformati on to make deci si ons
3. Manage i nformati on whi l e usi ng i t

Processing Information in the form of transactions
Online transaction processing (OLTP) - i nvol ves
gatheri ng i nput i nformati on, processi ng that
i nformati on, and updati ng exi sti ng i nformati on to
refl ect the gathered and processed i nformati on.
Operational databases- databases that support
OLTP

Using information to make a decision
Online analytical processing (OLAP) - the
mani pul ati on of i nformati on to support deci si on
maki ng
Data warehouse- a speci al form of a database that
contai ns i nformati on speci fically for supporti ng
deci si on-maki ng tasks


Managing Information while it is used
Physical- deal s wi th the structure of i nformati on as it
resi des on vari ous storage medi a
Logical- deal s wi th how knowl edge workers vi ew
there i nformati on needs
- Character- the smal l est l ogi cal uni t of
i nformati on
- Fi el d- ( a persons name, a product
number, pri ce and so on..) l ogi cal
groupi ng of character
- Record- a l ogi cal groupi ng of fi el ds
- Fi l e- al l l ogi cally associated records
- Database- a combi nati on of l ogi cally
associ ated fi l es

The database and database management system
envi ronment
Databases and database management systems
provi de the foundati on for organi zi ng, managi ng,
and worki ng wi th the i nformati on.
Database- contai ns the i nformati on i n the database
management system
Database management system- the col l ecti on of
software tool s that supports management of a
database and performance of OLTP and OLAP
functi ons.
WHAT IS DATABASE?
- Col l ecti on of Data organi zed to serve
many appl i cations
- Col l ecti on of rel ated fi l es
- Integrated col l ecti on of computer data
- Col l ecti on of fi l es
- Superset of rel ated fi l es

To sum- up:
Database i s a col l ecti on of i nformati on that you
organi ze and access according to the l ogi cal
structure of that i nformati on
2 distinct parts of database
1. The i nformati on i tsel f
2. The l ogi cal structure of that i nformati on
Important characteristics of a database
- A col l ecti on of i nformati on
- A l ogi cal structure
- Logi cal ti es among the i nformati on
- Bui l t- i n i ntegri ty constrai nts
WHAT IS A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
Database management system (DBMS) - i s the
software used to speci fy the l ogi cal organization for
database and access i t.
5 important software components of a DBMS
1. DBMS engi ne
2. Data defi ni ti on subsystem
3. Data mani pul ati on subsystem
4. Appl i cati on generati on subsystem
5. Data admi ni stration subsystem

DBMS engine- accepts l ogi cal request from the
vari ous other DBMS subsystems, converts them to
thei r physi cal equi valent, and eventual l y accesses
the database and data di cti onary as they exi sts on a
storage devi ce
Data definition subsystem - hel ps create and
mai ntai n the data di cti onary and defi ne the
structure of the fi l es i n a database
- Is al so called data definition
language (DDL)
Data manipulation subsystem- hel ps add, change
and del ete i nformati on i n a database and mi ne i t for
val ubl e i nformati on
-Views- the si mpl est tool s to use when you want to
mi ne i nformati on from a database or change
i nformati on contai ned i n a database.
-Report generators- hel ps to qui ckl y defi ne formats
of reports and what i nformati on you want to see on
a report
-Query-by-example tools (QBE) - hel p to qui ckl y
graphi call y desi gn the answer to the questi on
-Structured query language (SQL)- a standardi zed
fourth generati on query l anguage found i n most
database envi ronments.

Application generation subsystem - contai ns
faci l iti es to hel p devel op transacti on- i ntensi ve
appl i cations
Data Administration subsystem- hel ps manage the
overal l database envi ronment by provi di ng faci liti es
for backup and recovery, securi ty management,
query opti mi zati on, reorgani zati on, concurrency
control , and change management
- Backup and recovery faci l ities - provi de
a way for you to:
1. Peri odi cal ly backup i nformation
contai ned i n a database
2. Restart or recover a database and i ts
i nformati on i n case of a fai l ure
- security management facilities- al l ow
to control who has access to wht i nformati on and
what type of access those peopl e have.
- Query optimization facilities- often
take queri es from users (i n the form of SQL
statements or QBEs) and restructure them to
mi ni mi ze response ti me.
- Reorganization facilities- conti nual l y
mai ntai n stati stics concerni ng how the DBMS engi ne
physi cally accesses i nformati on.
- Concurrency control facilities- assure
the val i di ty of database updates when mul ti pl e users
attempt to access and change the same i nformati on

The Relational database Model
Entity Class - a concept typi cal l y peopl e,
pl aces, thi ngs about what you wi sh to store
i nformati on i n that you can i denti fy wi th a uni que
key (cal l ed the pri mary key)
Instance an occurrence of an enti ty cl ass
that can be uni quel y descri bed
Composite Primary Key a pri mary key
that uses more than one fi el d to create a uni que
descri pti on
Atomic Primary Key - a pri mary key that
uses onl y one fi el d

The Object Oriented Database Model
Object a software modul e contai ni ng
i nformati on that descri bes an enti ty cl ass along wi th
l i st of procedures that can act on the i nformati on
descri bi ng the enti ty cl ass
Object Oriented Database (OODB) a
database model that bri ngs together, stores, and
al l ows you to work wi th both i nformati on and
procedures that act on the i nformati on
Objects Oriented Database Management
System (OODBMS) - i s DBMS software that al l ows
you to devel op and work wi th an object ori ented
database.

Data Warehousing and Mining
What is a DATA WAREHOUSE?
- A l ogi cal col lecti on of i nformati on
gathered from many di fferent
operati onal databases that supports
busi ness analysi s, acti vities and
deci si on maki ng tasks
Characteristics:
1. Data warehouses i s combi ned
i nformati on from di fferent databases
2. Data warehouses are mul ti -di mensi onal
3. Data warehouses supports deci si on
maki ng not transacti on processing
What are Data Mining Tools?
1. Query and Reporting Tools
2. Intelligent Agents uti l i ze vari ous
arti fi cial i ntel ligence tool s such as neural networks
and fuzzy l ogi c to form the bases for i nformati on
di scovery i n OLAP
3. Multi-dimensional Analysis Tools sl i ce-
and-di ce techni ques that al l ow revi ewi ng
mul ti di mensi onal i nformati on from di fferent
perspecti ve

Database Administration the functi on i n an
organi zati on for the more techni cal operati onal
aspects for managi ng the i nformati on
Erick Monte
Reporter