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CONFIDENTIAL 1
Solena Group, Inc.
Bio-Energy Platforms:
A vision for the future
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CONFIDENTIAL 2
Sol ena Gr oup
1. Technol ogy
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1. 1 Ener gy Cont ai ned i n Bi omass Fuel s
Biomass / Organic residues are composed of
hydrocarbons, and as such, contain energy.
Biomass fuels are characterized by their
proximate and ultimate analyses, as well as
their heating content (HHV & LHV):
Calorific Content = f (C, H, O)
1 kg of biomass = 4000 kcal = 16.8 MJ
1 tonne per hour = approx. 5 MW
Source: EEA 2005
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1. 1 Ther mal Conver si on Technol ogi es
Stoichiometric Ratio
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
External Flame Plasma
Ash/solid slag Molten slag
Temp
CO
2
+ H
2
O
Low Efficiency
High Emissions
High efficiency
Low emissions
Low Efficiency
Low Emissions
Externally-heated
pyrolysis
Thermal
Gasification
Plasma
Gasification
Incineration
Plasma
Pyrolysis
CO + H
2
BioSynGas
Thermal +
Chemical
energies
Flue gas
Thermal
energy
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1. 1 Ther mal Conver si on Technol ogi es
End-Product By Product Emissions
Incineration /
Boiler
Hot flue gas (500C)
Bottom Ashes
Fly Ashes
Particulates, NOx,
SOx, dioxins / furans
Pyrolysis
Oil ultimately upgraded into
diesel / gasoline
Char
Syngas contains
soot and tar
Particles
Low emissions
Solena Plasma
Gasification
BioSynGas Fuel
(1100 -1250C)
Substitute of Nat. Gas
w/ same applications
Inert Slag Low emissions
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1. 2 I nnovat i ve Pat ent ed Technol ogy
Plasma technology: 5,000 C
Feedstock molecular dissociation and recombination into BioSynGas
O2 deprived environment: No combustion
No dioxins / furans in BioSynGas
Mainly CO and H
2
(~ 90% by vol. of BioSynGas)
BioSynGas high temperature : 1100C 1250C
No tars No soots
BioSynGas residence time in plenum > 2 seconds
Chemical composition is stable.
Solenas process is fuel flexible
Wide range of biomass : agri-waste, forestry residue, RDF, MSW, etc.
I&C to control operations and reach steady state and independent
variables to control the Gasification process.
Even though feedstock composition might varies over time, BioSynGas composition
remains stable.
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1. 2 I nnovat i ve Pat ent ed Technol ogy
Solena has developed and patented a thermal gasification technology
Solenas plasma gasification vitrification
(SPGV) technology is designed to be a
cost effective and technically efficient
atmospheric thermal gasification process
Converts any biomass into a clean, high
calorific BioSynGas
Inorganic compounds are melted into an
inert, non-toxic vitrified slag
Average production of 2,000 kWh of
electricity produced per ton of biomass
processed
(1) (2)
Low specific energy requirement (SER):
150 kW / ton of biomass processed
Developed by Solena team members over
10+ year period
(1) Source: Solena; assumes mixed (RDF, wood waste and forestry)
feedstock containing 4,000 kcal/ kilo
(2) Compared to 500 kWh per ton of biomass by means of traditional incineration
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1. 3 Pl asma Gasi f i cat i on I sl and HMB
Cold Gas Efficiency :
85% (LHV)
Stoichiometric ratio :
0.45
Once conditioned,
BioSynGas is suitable
for industrial
applications e.g.
power and/or steam
production, or for
transportation via
pipeline
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CONFIDENTIAL 9
SOLENA Gr oup
2. Bi o- ener gy pl at f or ms
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2. Sol ena Bi oEner gy Pl at f or m
Solenas platform is a complete bioenergy and CO
2
harvesting platform which
can produce electricity or liquid transportation fuels
CHP
BioPower
BioJetFuel/SJ8
SolenaBioSynGas
Waste
Biomass
CO
2
Algae
SolenaComplete
SPGVandIPGCCSystem
ExclusiveAlgaetoGasificationJV
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Gasification Systems installed in rural environment might
be difficult to access. Solution:
Decentralized Green Power System (DGPS) 5 MWe
Modular and transportable system
DGPS with a Control Center in an Urban area
Control Center remotely monitors multiple DGPS
plants located in rural areas and using Wimax technology.
Wimax will also be installed and available for people
living in rural areas near the DGPS plants.
Projects in India, Czech Rep., Italy, etc.
Single DGPS to process / gasify 2 to 5
tons of biomass per hour.
Production of a constant and stable flow
of BioSynGas to be used as fuel for
generating electricity.
Electricity production of 5 MWe.
Summary Particularity
2. 1 DGPS
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2. 2 I PGCC Bi oPower
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Single SPGR to process / gasify ~ 20 tons of biomass per
hour *
Standard IPGCC: 20 tons per hour to produce 40 MWh of
electricity
Production of a constant and stable flow of Solena
GreenGas to be used as fuel for generating electricity or
substitute of natural gas. Solena GreenGas is compatible with:
GEs Frame 5, Frame 6 and Frame 7s gas turbines.
Commercial Off-The-Shelf boilers.
(*) Assuming mixed (RDF, wood waste and forestry) feedstock
containing 4,000 kcal/ kilo at 20%-25% moisture content
Examples of IPGCC Project:
IPGCC BioPower Plant 40 MWe
UK, Czech Rep.
2. 2 I PGCC Bi oPower
CO
2
emissions avoided: 856,000 tons / year
196,000 metric tons of CO
2 eq.
per year from coal
(1)
660,000 metric tons of CO
2 eq.
per year from landfill
(2)
(1): eia.doe.gov: 0.6 ton of CO2 / MWh in the US in 2008 for
coal to electricity
(2): From LandGEM software provided by US EPA
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2. 3 Bi oJ et Fuel Pl ant s
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Single BTL Plant to process / gasify 60 tons of
biomass per hour * with 3 SPGRs
Production of a constant and stable flow of
Solena BioSynGas, processed as fuel in a
Fischer-Tropsch reactor.
Production of 1800 barrels / day of biofuel
(65% biojetfuel / 35% bionaphtha)
Electricity net production of 20 MWh per hour.
Crude Oil displaced
176,540 barrels / year for naphtha production
360,645 barrels / year for jet fuel production
(*) Assuming mixed (RDF, wood waste and forestry) feedstock
containing 4,000 kcal/ kilo at 20%-25% moisture content
Biomass To Liquid (BTL) Plant
Examples of BTL Project:
Heathrow (UK): LOI with British Airways
for biofuel off-take
2. 3 Bi oJ et Fuel Pl ant s
Oil dependency
Oil price fluctuation
US EPA Renewable Fuel Standards: 36 billion gallons by 2022.
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CONFIDENTIAL 16
Thankyou
Contact:abranch@solenagroup.com