38

HEALTH EDUCATION
Edna Cabrera
Herminia Angeles
MOTIVATION
Think and write positive attitudes that will represent each of the letters
in the word GOOD HEALTH.
G ___________________________ H ________________________
O ___________________________ E ________________________
O ___________________________ A ________________________
D ___________________________ L ________________________
T ________________________
H ________________________
DISCUSSIONS
This chapter highlights the facets of health education: good health
triangle, personal hygiene and proper sanitation, diseases, immunization,
common communicable diseases and its preventive measures, proper
nutrition, food guide pyramid, family planning and drug abuse, and prevention
and penalties to drug abuse.
Lesson 1: Good Health Triangle
Health is a state of optimal, physical, mental, and social well-being,
where an individual (and all his body parts) is able to perform his vital
functions normally and properly.
OBJECTIVES
Follow the good health triangle.
Practice personal hygiene and proper sanitation.
Determine the common communicable diseases and apply
preventive measures.
Value the needs for proper nutrition.
Comply with food guide pyramid for a daily healthy diet.
Explain the different methods of family planning.
Discuss drug abuse and its prevention.
Cite penalties against drug abuse.
39
Physical health is very important because if you do not take good care
of your health, all other aspects of body as well as its functions become
affected. This starts with personal hygiene. Personal cleanliness is
fundamental to physical health. Hygiene is not confined to your own body. It
also includes a sanitary place where you live in as well as an environment that
allows you to keep yourself in proper health. To keep yourself in good health,
you must drink plenty of water everyday, exercise daily, get enough rest and
sleep, and most importantly, have a balanced diet. These are some of the
factors that contribute to good physical health.
The American Heritage Dictionary and Merriam-Webster defines
mental health as a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which
an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities,
function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life.
Environmental health as defined by the World Health Organization
refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the
environment that can potentially affect health.
Characteristics of health that result from the aggregate impact of both
natural and man-made surroundings include health effects of air pollution,
water pollution, noise pollution, solid waste disposal, and housing;
occupational diseases and injuries; and those diseases related to unsanitary
surroundings. This interrelationship between people and their environment
promote human health and well-being and foster a safe and healthful
environment.
PHYSICAL HEALTH
I can take care of my body
MENTAL HEALTH SOCIAL HEALTH
I think clearly I get along with others
Good
Health Triangle
40
Lesson 2: Personal Hygiene and Proper Sanitation
Personal Hygiene is defined as the practice of an individual to
safeguard his/her body and the health of others and observing precautionary
protection.
The consistent practice of basic hygiene contributes to the
maintenance of healthy living. It greatly contributes to good health in many
ways protections against germs that cause diseases which are present in
the surroundings and protection of the society by reducing the spread of
germs. It promotes physical and mental well-being, uplifts everyones morale,
and ensures the building of a healthy nation.
Personal hygiene alone may not protect ones body against the more
common diseases like malaria, colds, dysentery and diarrhea. Immunization is
needed to protect an individual from these diseases. The best prevention from
diseases, however, is by staying fit and keeping the immediate surrounding
free of germs.
Proper Sanitation is the effective use of measures that will create and
maintain healthful environmental conditions.
ACTIVITY 1
A. Divide the class into three (3) groups. Each group will show to the
class the different ways to make the individual healthy based on the
Good Health Triangle. Then write your final answer below based on
your assigned area.
1. Physical Health
2. Mental Health
3. Social Health
B. Discuss among the members of your group the importance of personal
hygiene.
41
Lesson 3: Diseases
A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes
discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected (Britain
Encyclopedia 1995). Diseases may be caused by a variety of organisms, such
as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and protozoans.
Bacteria are prokaryotes and are among the most abundant
organisms on earth. Although most of them are harmless and beneficial, yet
many are also able to cause diseases. Some of them may multiply inside the
human body and lead to diseases. Examples of diseases caused by bacteria
are: tetanus (clostridium tetani), impetigo (streptococcus pyogenes), whooping
cough (bordetella pertussis), tuberculosis (mycobacterium tuberculosis),
gonorrhea (neisseria gonorrheae), syphilis (treponema pallidum), typhoid
fever (salmonella typhi), and cholera (vibrio cholera).
Viruses are not organisms but are particles of nucleic acids enveloped
by a protein shell. They need a living host (i.e., animals, plants, bacteria) for
them to live and reproduce. When a virus comes into contact with a host cell,
it can insert its genetic materials into its host, and takes over the hosts
function. Viruses can cause several diseases in humans. Examples of
diseases caused by viruses are AIDS-HIV virus (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome), measles (rubeola), german measles (rubella), chickenpox
(varicella, zoster virus), mumps (mumps virus), hepatitis (hepa virus), warts
(papilloma virus) and rabies (rhabdovirus).
Fungi can also cause diseases among humans. The Webster
dictionary defines fungi as saprophytic and parasitic organisms that lack
chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms and
yeasts. Examples of diseases caused by fungi are: candidiasis (candida
albicans) and ringworm (trichophyton mentagrophytes).
Parasites are organisms that rely on living organisms for their nutrition
and subsistence. They live in living hosts. Examples of parasitic helminth
infections include ascariasis (ascaris lumbricoides), enterobiasis or pinworm
(enterobius vermicularis) and schistosomiasis (schistosoma japonicum).
Protozoans can cause diseases. These include amebiasis
(entamoeba histolyca), malaria (plasmodium falciparum), giardiasis (giardia
lamblia).
42
Top 10 killer Diseases in the Philippines
1. Pneumonia 6. Tuberculosis / Respiratory Infections
2. Diarrhea 7. Heart Disease
3. Bronchitis / Bronchiolitis 8. Malaria
4. Influenza 9. Chicken pox
5. Hypertension 10. Measles
COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND ITS PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
1. Sore Eyes (conjunctivitis, red eyes) The surface of the eyeball
under sides of the eyelid becomes inflamed from exposure to dust and
germs. The eyes are very itchy, mild pain can be felt, and yellow
discharge (pus) comes out from the eyes in the presence of bacterial
infection. It is advisable to consult the doctor.
2. Chronic Bronchitis (obstructive lung diseases, emphysema,
smokers cough) Enlarged adenoids and tonsils of children may
lead to repeated attack of bronchitis. It is often the result of common
cold. It is also caused by cigarette smoking and air pollution. There is
shortness of breath, swollen ankles and legs, persistent cough with
thick phlegm throughout the day and night. You have to quit smoking
and avoid living in a polluted environment.
3. Common Cold (blocked nose, runny nose, clogged nose) It is a
viral infection of the upper air passages which causes the inflammation
of the mucus membrane lining of the nose and throat. It is easily
spread via coughing or sneezing and by direct contact. Other ways of
catching cold are staying in very warm or cold rooms, lack of outdoor
exercise, poor diet, and overeating sugary and fatty foods. Bed rest is
the best treatment. A hot bath may help to relieve much of the
congestion in the chest and nasal membrane. Inhale steam to loosen
nasal congestion and blow your nose frequently.
4. Chickenpox (herpes zoster, shingles) It is a mild, highly
contagious disease, which is affecting children during their early years
but more severe in adults. Infection is easily spread via airborne
droplets that are exhaled or expelled causing outbreaks in places
where there are close person to person contacts. It begins with a low
grade fever, severe itch, mild headache, feeling weakness, runny
nose, and small teardrop shaped blisters appears on the skin. Take a
complete rest until all blisters have dried up. Do not burst the blisters,
scratch or peel off the scabs to avoid spreading the viral infection.
Bathe the skin daily with soap and warm water. Consult a doctor.
43
5. Cholera (El tor) It is an infection of the small intestines,
characterized by severe diarrhea that causes a person to loose up half
liter of water an hour. It is caused by germs taken in the body through
food and drinks. It is spread by improper ways of doing away with
human waste. Rats, cockroaches, fly, and ants are also carriers of
cholera. You may have pains in the back, legs, and arms. There is also
frequent bowel movement in which the stool appears thin and whitish
like rice water. There is vomiting and dehydration. Immediately go to
the Emergency Department of the nearest hospital.
6. Whooping Cough (pertussis) It is a serious contagious bacterial
infection of the bronchial tubes, larynx and lungs. It is transmitted by
breathing in air containing infected droplets. The attack may last up to
six weeks. It may result damage to the lungs and bronchial tube.
Person may have a fever, runny nose, and dry cough with sputum.
Stay away from the person who has whooping cough. Ensure that the
child takes the medication prescribed by the doctor. Immediately call
the doctor if there is blueness of the face and fever rises to 40 degree
Celsius.
7. Measles It is a highly contagious viral infection that usually occurs in
epidermis marked by fever and a rash similar to German measles. The
disease is common to childhood and if a person has been infected
he/she becomes immune for life. Chills and high fever which does not
subside when the rash appears, runny nose, cough, sore throat,
swollen eyes, abdominal pain, and vomiting are symptoms of having
measles. Keep the patient in bed in cold room till one week after the
rash has disappeared, to protect his eyes from bright light. Consult the
doctor if there is breathing difficulty, persistent fever or cough,
drowsiness, earache, or convulsions.
8. Pneumonia It is a respiratory disease caused by certain kind of
bacteria and inflammation of lungs. Chills and severe pain in the chest,
high fever, sweating, tiredness, cough and phlegm, dizziness and
vomiting, headache, and blue lips are symptoms of pneumonia.
Carefully treat colds, cough, and chilling. Avoid staying out in the cold
or damp places without enough protection. Immunization with
pneumococcal vaccine is needed.
9. Tuberculosis (TB) It is highly contagious bacterial infection affecting
the lungs. It is transmitted via airborne droplets when there is a
repeated exposure. Fever, sweating at night, tiredness, poor appetite,
chronic cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and
weight loss are symptoms of tuberculosis. Immunization at birth with
BCG vaccine and booster dose may be given at 12 years old.
44
Immunization of adult who live in close contact with one who is an
active case of TB should be administered.
10. Asthma This is preceded by warning signs such as increased
shortness of breath or wheezing, disturbed sleep caused by shortness
of breath or coughing, chest tightness or pain. The best way to prevent
asthma attacks is to identify and avoid indoor and outdoor allergens
and irritants. It often takes ongoing communication and teamwork with
a doctor. In addition, develop an action plan for taking maintenance
medications and managing an acute attack. Regularly measure your
peak airflow because your lung function may decrease anytime. Stop
any activity that may trigger an attack.
11. Dengue It begins two days to three weeks after youve been exposed
to the virus. Symptoms include fever, muscle aches, may cause
vomiting and diarrhea. All these create problems in a number of organ
systems, especially liver, lungs and sometimes kidneys. For
prevention, consider being vaccinated, avoid unnecessary activities at
dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active and use mosquito
nets when sleeping.
12. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) It begins with fever
(38
0
C or higher) that usually occurs two to seven days after youve
been infected. Chills, muscle soreness, headache, and a general
feeling of discomfort are signs of this disease. It may progress to
severe pneumonia leading to insufficient amount of oxygen in the
blood. In spite of a concerted global effort, scientists have yet to find
an effective treatment.
13. AH1N1 Spreads through infected droplets from breathing passages.
Droplets are expelled by talking, spiting, coughing, and sneezing. The
droplets spread about 1 meter (3 feet) from infected person, either
directly to other people or indirectly through hands and other surfaces.
If you touch infected hands, doorknobs, keyboards, telephones etc.,
you can also be infected. An infected person is most likely to spread
the virus when he has fever and coughs. If possible hand shaking,
kissing, and other unnecessary social rituals must be avoided for
health reason.
45
ACTIVITY 2
Supply the blank columns with necessary information to complete the given
data below.
DISEASE SYMPTOMS CAUSE EFFECT PREVENTION
1. Asthma
2. Dengue
3. SARS
4. Sore Eyes
5. Chickenpox
6. Measles
7. Cholera
8. Pneumonia
9. Tuberculosis
10.AH1N1
Lesson 4: Proper Nutrition
Nutrition is the science of food. It is a scientific study of the nutrients
and other substances, and the ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport,
utilization, and excretion of food substances and wastes. Nutrition is also
concerned with the action, interaction, and balance of nutrients. Imbalances,
deficiencies, and excesses lead to a condition termed malnutrition: under
nutrition if nutrient deficient, over nutrition if in excessive amount.
Basic Nutrients in Food
A nutritious diet has an adequate amount of essential nutrients and
fibers, enough energy from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and moderate
amount of salt, sodium and sugar and low amount of fat. Poor nutrition is a
factor that contributes to diseases, which could have been prevented. Choose
foods that can increase your life span and improve your quality of life.
46
Lesson 5: Food Guide Pyramid
Below is a diagram used in nutrition education that fits food groups into
a pyramid for a daily healthful diet.
Fats & Oils
Dairy, Meat, Eggs and Milk
(2-3 servings)
Vegetables (3-5 servings)
Fruits (2-4 servings)
Bread, Cereals, Rice, Pasta (6-11 servings)
The Food Guide Pyramid was adopted by the U.S. Agriculture
Department in 1992 as replacement for the four food groups scheme that
had been used to teach children about nutrition since the 1950s.
A carbohydrate is the bodys primary fuel source. The body
processes carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose travels through the
bloodstream and is stored in the liver and muscles until it is used as energy.
The muscles prefer carbohydrates and the brain requires them.
Proteins are the main structural building blocks of the body for growth,
maintenance and repair of body tissue. They are needed to make muscles,
skin, hair, nails, connective tissue, collagen, and cartilages. Proteins are used
to replace cell lining. As enzymes, they speed up the chemical reaction. As
hormones, they are the chemical messengers. As antibodies, they are the
main component of the immune system.
Lipids are fats and oils that are insoluble in water but are soluble in
other solvents such as ether and benzene. They are considered as energy
storage and function as structural components in the cell. It can also be used
as hormones in regulating the metabolism.
Water is a solvent, lubricant, and medium for the transport of nutrients
and wastes and for the regulation of temperature and chemical processes. It is
47
an essential nutrient that is involved in every function of the body. It is also
needed for the maintenance of proper body temperature.
Vitamins refer to the Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble vitamins
Minerals however, refer to the major and trace minerals.
Fat- Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin Function Deficiency Food Source
A
promotes night
and color vision
prevents drying
of skin and eyes
night blindness
dry skin
beta-carotene
liver, eggs, milk
D
promotes bone
growth
regulates blood
calcium
rickets
osteomalacia
milk, dairy
products
eggs, butter, liver
E
protects cell
membrane
antioxidant
hemolytic
anemia
nuts, margarine,
shrimp, green
leafy vegetable
K
stimulates
conversion of
protein to active
factors
hemorrhage
clotting
green leafy
vegetable, liver
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin Function Deficiency Food Source
B
1
aids in neuro-
transmitter
synthesis
beri-beri
meat, milk, fish,
dry beans
B
2
coenzymes in
energy
metabolism
inflammation of
tongue, nervous
system disorder
cheese, yogurt,
mushroom
48
B
3
fatty acid
synthesis
pellagra chicken, peanuts,
cereals
B
6
synthesis of
hemoglobin
irritability,
dermatitis
meat, fish, poultry
products
B
12
metabolism &
nerve function
anemia, poor
nerve function
seafood, eggs,
milk
C
maintenance of
cartilage & bone
scurvy
citrus fruits,
potatoes,
tomatoes
Major Vitamins
Vitamin Function Deficiency Food Source
CALCIUM
formation and
strength of bones
and teeth
osteoporosis
milk, cheese,
yogurt
PHOSPORUS
part of genetic
materials and cell
membrane
weakness
dairy and bakery
products
POTASSIUM
needed in
muscular
contraction
muscular cramps
fruits and
vegetables
SODIUM
needed in nerve
impulse
loss of appetite
table salt, soy
sauce
MAGNESIUM
maintenance of
teeth & aids in
heart function
muscle pain
cereals, beans,
seafood
Trace Vitamins
49
Vitamin Function Deficiency Food Source
IRON
component of
hemoglobin
anemia, low
blood,
red meat, fish,
cereals
ZINC
component of
insulin &
enzymes
growth failure,
poor wound
healing
meat, fish, eggs
SELENIUM
works with
vitamin E
pancreas
damage, heart
disease
seafood, meat,
and vegetable
IODINE
regulates growth
and development
goiter
iodized salt,
seafood
ACTIVITY 3
A. Matching Type. Match column A with Column B.
A B
_____1. Vitamin A a. promotes bone growth and regulates
blood
_____2. Vitamin D b. protects cell membrane antioxidant
_____3. Vitamin E c. maintains the function of cartilage and
bones
_____4. Vitamin K d. prevents the drying of skin and eyes
_____5. Vitamin C e. stimulates conversion of proteins to
active clotting factors
B. Are you in favor of the arrangement of the food groups in the food
guide pyramid? If yes, explain why, and if no, draw your own
illustration below.
50
Lesson 6: Family Planning
The concept of family planning is to enhance the quality of life by
regulating or spacing the children to promote the health of the mother and the
child. It is anchored on the right of the individual to grow and be fit mentally
and physically, to attain wellness, and to have a sense of dignity as a person.
It focuses on the parents responsibility to provide their childrens needs and to
take active part in their community.
Family Planning Methods
METHOD ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1. Rhythm/Calendar
requires abstinence
during womans fertile
period
does not violate
religious
bars against artificial
control
restricts sexual
activity to
womans cycle; less
reliable
with women with
irregular
menstruation
2. Pills work by
preventing ovulation
and thickening of
cervical mucus
provides a constant
dosages of
estrogen and
progesterone; may
protect women from
rheumatoid
arthritis
may cause weight
gain, tender
and swollen breast,
light or
absent period,
nausea,
headaches and
depression
3. IUD (Intra-uterine
Device) works by
preventing implantation
of fertilized egg in
uterus
once inserted, requires
no further
actions, allows
spontaneous
lovemaking
increased risk of
tubal pregnancy,
infertility and pelvic
inflammatory
disease; increase
menstrual flow and
cramps
4. Diaphragm works
by preventing passage
of the sperm into female
reproductive tract
fully reversible with no
side effects;
may protect against
some sexually
transmitted diseases
spermicide must be
re-applied
for each episode of
intercourse; some
women find it difficult
to insert and
unaesthetic
51
5. Condom works by
preventing passage of
the sperm into female
reproductive tract
available without
prescription at low
cost, no side effects,
protects
against aids and other
STDs
lovemaking is
interrupted;
reduces sexual
pleasure to some
men
6. Vaginal Sponge
works by preventing
passage of the sperm
into female reproductive
tract
widely available without
prescription,
may be inserted up to
24 hours in
advance of lovemaking
may cause burning
sensation;
some women have
difficulty
removing the device
7. Spermicide
contains chemicals that
immobilize and kill
sperms
inexpensive, widely
available without
prescription, fully
reversible; may
protect against some
STDs
must be inserted 10-
30 minutes of
intercourse;
some women find
them
unaesthetic
Nursing Care of the Mother who is Breastfeeding
A. Assessment
1. Desire to breastfeed
2. Knowledge of breastfeeding and breast care
3. Level of anxiety regarding breastfeeding
B. Implementation
1. Feeding schedule The length of time is usually 20 minutes with
greatest quantity of milk consume in first 5-10 minutes.
2. Feeding techniques The mother and infant should be in comfortable
position. The entire body of infant should be turn towards mothers
breast. The baby should be allowed to burp or bubble baby after
feeding to allow for escape of air.
3. Breast milk intake This should be done based on one-sixth to one-
seventh of babys weight per day.
4. Care of breast The nursing pads should be placed inside bra cap to
absorb any milk leaking between feedings, the pad should be cleaned
with plain water once a day.
C. Outcomes
1. Infant sleeping between feeding
2. Infant receiving enough milk
3. Mother has no sign of breast infection
52
Lesson 7: Drug Abuse and Prevention
A drug is a chemical substance that affects the function of living cells
and alters, body, or mind processes when taken into the body or applied
through the skin. Drug abuse is the overuse or consumption of drugs other
than for medical reasons. It is characterized by taking more than the
recommended dose of prescription drugs using government regulated
substances or other illegal drugs. Drug dependence is characterized by a
compulsion to use a drug to experience psychological or physical effects
despite any deterioration in health, work, or social activities.
Signs and symptoms of drug abuse
1. Sudden shift in attitudes. A person who was once sober and polite
suddenly becomes rude and irrational.
2. Mood swings. Depressed first then becoming highly elated.
3. Highly excitable and displays fits of rage and aggression.
4. Unusual effort to conceal needle marks on arms; wears dark spectacles to
hide constricted or dilated pupils and blood-shot eyes from public view
even indoors and during nighttime
5. Sudden regression from the usual and normal capabilities such as from
school, work, and social habits
6. Neglect of personal grooming, hygiene, and appearance
7. Engaging in petty crimes and other forms of mischief to support the illegal
habits
8. Association with known drug abusers and people with shady characters
Classification of commonly abused drugs
1. Depressants known as downers, drugs which act on and depress
the central nervous system causing initial relaxation leading to
drowsiness and sleep
a) Alcohol specifically ethyl alcohol which is the main ingredient
of all alcoholic beverages. Certain brands of liquor such as gin,
whiskey, brandy, pilsen, and rhum are the most preferred by
alcoholics or problem drinkers to achieve its desired effect.
b) Sedative-Hypnotics include barbiturates and
benzodiazepines most commonly refer to as minor
tranquilizers. These drugs are used medically in the treatment
of epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety.
2. Narcotics known as opiates include drugs derived from opium and
its derivatives. These drugs are used medically to relieve pain,
53
suppress cough, reduce movement of the intestine and induce
psychological indifference.
a) Opium coagulated juice of opium poppy formerly used as a
pain reliever but has been replaced by morphine and codeine
b) Phenanthrene alkaloids used as an analgesic and cough
suppressants
c) Morphine principal alkaloid of opium exists in a white
crystalline base and sold as tablets and injectable solution
d) Codeine alkaloid extracted from morphine and used as mild
analgesic
e) Heroine white crystalline narcotic synthesized from morphine
and used as cough suppressant
3. Stimulants drugs used to induced alertness, elevate mood,
increased speech, mental and motor activity, relieve fatigue or
boredom, and decrease appetite
a) Amphetamine colorless liquid with acrid taste and faint odor
which is greatly stimulates the central nervous system
b) Methamphetamine hydrochloride known as shabu is a white
odorless crystalline powder with bitter taste, considered as the
most abused stimulant in the Philippines. Abusers administer it
through the body by ingestion, inhalation, sniffing, or by
injection
c) Ecstasy a synthetic amphetamine related substance, white,
yellow, or brown in color with a bitter taste and comes in form
of tablets, capsules, or powders in various designs and shapes
d) Cocaine known as coke, alkaloids obtain from the leaves of
the coca plant, generally used as local anesthetic in minor
surgery, one of the shortest and strongest stimulants
e) Caffeine active ingredient of coffee, tea, cola beverages,
used to constrict blood vessel and as remedy for headaches,
diuretic, and treatment of severe asthma
f) Nicotine poisonous alkaloid which is an active ingredients in
cigarette and tobacco, colorless when extracted from tobacco
leaves but quickly turns brown when exposed to air, has an
acrid burning taste
4. Hallucinogens known as psychedelics, a group of natural or
synthetic psycho active drugs that produces reactions such as
perceptual alterations and changes in the state of consciousness.
They produce hallucinations or visions in the form of shape and color
shifts in appearance of the outside world which progresses to the
replacement of external reality with imaginary beings and landscapes
in extreme cases.
a) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) a crystalline substance
derived from fungus which infects wheat or rye. Best known
54
and most potent hallucinogen taken orally in the form of tablets,
gelatin, or impregnated paper.
b) Mescaline known as STP, a drug derived from dried tops of
peyote cactus.
c) Psilocybin a hallucinogenic compound in mushroom ingested
to achieve its effect similar to LSD and STP.
d) Phencyclidine (PCP) considered as menace and highly
dangerous drugs because it can easily be synthesized with no
medical purpose for human but used by veterinarians as
anesthetic and sedative for animals.
e) Marijuana known as cannabis which is a mild hallucinogenic
drug derived from crushed leaves, flowering tops and stems of
hemp plant cannabis sativa. Usually smoked or eaten for
pleasure in juicing and folk medicine in central Asia and China.
5. Inhalants class of substances that are not usually considered drugs
but have great potential for abuse. They are inhaled, or sniffed for their
psychoactive (mind/mood altering) effects and to produce a state of
intoxication. Effects can be achieved immediately and can last long as
45 minutes, depressing the central nervous system. This includes the
class of volatile hydrocarbons such as glue (rugby), gasoline, kerosene
(gaas), paint thinner, and solvent, nail polish and cuticle remover,
lighter fluid, and fluorocarbons such as aerosol sprays, nasal sprays,
and chemical isoamyl nitrite (poppers).
Common causes of drug abuse
1. Unhappy home, parent showing no interest to their children
2. Lack of parental values and guidance
3. Domestic violence whether verbal or physical
4. Parents who make free use of alcohol and illegal drugs
5. Peer pressure/encouragement
6. Curiosity or desire to experience
7. Escape from physical and mental pain; relief from boredom and
frustration
8. Desire to escape from harsh realities
9. Weak personality, low sense of self-esteem and self-worth
10. Feeling of insecurity
Drug abuse prevention measures
1. Exhaust all channels of communication; talk to persons you trust;
feel free to open up and share your emotions and concerns.
2. Learn to cope with negative feelings by using sport, music,
meditation, and prayer as forms of relaxation.
3. Expand your horizons by finding new interests, meeting new
people, visiting new places, and putting yourself into new
experiences.
55
4. Give yourself the chance to be all you can be by discovering and
improving your special talents, acquiring new skills, and developing
your own personality.
5. Improve family relations; strive to create happy, healthy, and
content family life. Parents should lead good example; advise their
children, and instruct the basic knowledge of using drugs.
6. Devise a drug awareness program to educate students on the
dangers of drug abuse in the school.
7. Community officials should organize and conduct information
dissemination campaign against drug abuse. Organize a
recreational and social project which serves as positive alternative
to drug abuse.
8. Cooperate with authorities in the arrest of known drug pushers and
in the dismantling of drug base network existing in the community.
9. Help in the treatment and rehabilitation of drug users.
10. Implement a direct, sincere, quick action and hands-on approach
on the part of the government to address the growing menace of
drug abuse.
Lesson 8: Penalties against drug abuse
The Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines
passed Republic Act No. 9165, known as the Comprehensive Dangerous
Drug Acts of 2002, on May 29, 2002 and May 30, 2002, respectively. This Act
repeals R.A. 6425 and provides for the imposition of more severe penalties
and the creation of Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) to carry out
the provisions of this Act (Article IX, Section 82). Under Article II, the following
constitutes several Unlawful Acts and their corresponding penalties
summarized as follows:
Unlawful Activity Penalty
Importation of Dangerous
Drugs and/or Controlled
Precursor and essential
Chemicals
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
Sale, Trading,
Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery,
Distribution, and
Transportation of
Dangerous Drugs
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
56
Maintenance of Den, Dive
or Resort
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
Employees and Visitors of
Den, Dive or Resort
Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One Hundred thousand pesos
(100,000.00) to five hundred thousand
(500,000.00) pesos
Manufacture of
Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursor and
essential chemicals
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
Manufacture or Delivery of
Equipment, Instruments,
Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs
Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and
one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from One Hundred thousand pesos
(100,000.00) to five hundred thousand
(500,000.00) pesos
Possession of Dangerous
Drugs
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
Possession of Equipment,
Instruments, Apparatus,
and other Paraphernalia
for Dangerous Drugs
Imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and
one (1) day to four (4) years and fine of ten
thousand (10,000.00) to fifty thousand pesos
(50,000.00)
Possession of Dangerous
Drugs during parties,
social gatherings or
meetings
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus
and other paraphernalia
during parties, social
gatherings or meetings
Imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and
one (1) day to four (4) years and fine of ten
thousand (10,000.00) to fifty thousand pesos
(50,000.00)
Use of Dangerous Drugs
For first time, Six months (6) rehabilitation in
government center
Second time, Imprisonment from six (6) years
and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and fine
from fifty thousand (50,000.00) pesos to two
hundred (200,000.00) thousand pesos
Cultivation or culture of
plants classified as
dangerous drugs or are
sources thereof
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
57
Maintenance and keeping
of Original records of
transactions on
dangerous drugs
Imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and one
(1) day to six (6) years and fine ranging from ten
thousand (10,000.00) to fifty thousand
(50,000.00) pesos
Unnecessary prescription
of Dangerous Drugs
Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1)
day to twenty (20) years and fine ranging from
One hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) to
five hundred thousand (500,000.00) pesos
Unlawful Prescription of
Dangerous Drugs
Life imprisonment to death, Fine ranging from
Five Hundred thousand (500,000.00) to ten
million pesos (10,000,000.00)
(Article II, Sections 4-19, Republic Act No. 9165 Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)
ACTIVITY 4
A. Enumeration:
1. Classification of commonly used drugs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. Common causes of drug abuse
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. Preventive measures of drug abuse
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
B. Essay:
Are you in favor of using any form of family planning method when you
get married? Explain your answer and give the advantages of using it.
58
TEST Health Education
Name ________________________________ Major ___________________
Date ____________ Section _____________________ Score ___________
I. Fill in the blanks. Write the correct word or group of words in each of the
following:
1. Health is a state of physical, mental and social _____________________.
2. Personal ________________________ is fundamental to physical health.
3. Mental health makes an individual use his/her _____________capabilities.
4. ___________ health refers to the practice of controlling some factors in
the environment that can affect health.
5. _______________________ health starts with personal hygiene.
6. _______________________ is not confined to our own body.
7. _______________________ health means getting along with people.
8. A good _____________ triangle comprises mental, physical, and social
health.
9. A _______________ healthy person can perform his vital body parts
properly.
10. To keep yourself in good health, have a _______________________ diet.
II. Matching Type. Write the letters only.
______1. impetigo a. rubella
______2. whooping cough b. trichophyton mentagrophytes
______3. syphilis c. papillama
______4. german measles d. bordetella pertussis
______5. chickenpox e. streptococcus pyogenes
______6. warts f. enterobius vermicularis
______7. ringworm g. varicella zoster
______8. pinworm h. treponema pallidum
______9. malaria i. entamoeba histolyca
______10. amoebiasis j. plasmodium falciparus
III. Identification. Write the correct answer in the blanks.
_______________1. It is the scientific study of nutrients and chemical body
processes.
_______________2. It is the chemical messenger and speeds up chemical
reaction.
_______________3. This nutrient functions as the energy storage in the
bodys cell.
_______________4. It is needed for the maintenance of proper body
temperature.
59
_______________5. The fat-soluble vitamin which stimulates the conversion
of protein to clotting factor.
_______________6. This vitamin is responsible for the protection of cell
membrane antioxidant.
_______________7. Vitamin B which act as coenzymes in energy
metabolism.
_______________8. A vitamin B which helps in the synthesis of hemoglobin.
_______________9. Major mineral which is needed in muscular contraction.
_______________10.Minor mineral which is an important component of
hemoglobin.
IV. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer for each statement
in the blanks.
_____1. It is defined as the practice of an individual to safeguard his/her body
and observing precautionary protection.
a. sanitation b. nutrition
c. cleanliness d. hygiene
_____2. It is the effective use of measures that will create and maintain
healthful environmental conditions.
a. sanitation b. nutrition
c. cleanliness d. hygiene
_____3. It is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes
discomfort, dysfunction or distress to the person affected.
a. illness b. addiction
c. disease d. asthma
_____4. Warning signs of this disease are an increased shortness of breath
and chest tightness.
a. SARS b. dengue
c. asthma d. HIV
_____5. It begins with fever and muscle aches and may create problems in
different body organs especially liver, lungs, and kidneys.
a. SARS b. dengue
c. asthma d. HIV
_____6. Chills, muscle soreness, headache, and a general feeling of
discomfort are signs of this disease.
a. SARS b. dengue
c. asthma d. HIV
_____7. They teach the people in the community to be healthy.
a. nurse b. dentist
c. midwife d. health educator
_____8. A diagram used in nutrition education that fits food groups into a
pyramid.
a. food guide pyramid b. food pyramid
c. pyramid guide d. food guide
60
_____9. The number of servings for dairy products in the pyramid of food
groups.
a. 6-11 b. 3-5
c. 2-4 d. 2-3
_____10. A factor that contributes to diseases which could have been
prevented.
a. poor nutrition b. poor sleep
c. poor resistance d. overeating
A. Natural family planning methods
1.
2.
3.
B. Outcomes of nursing care for breastfeeding mother
4.
5.
6.
C. Signs and symptoms of drug abuse
7.
8.
9.
D. Classification of commonly abused drugs
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
E. Common causes of drug abuse
15.
16.
17.
F. Ways to prevent drug abuse
18.
19.
20.
61
VI. Essay. Explain the question below in a brief paragraph.
Why did the Philippine government create Republic Act No. 9165,
known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act?
62
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Allen, Robert D. Biology- A Critical Thinking Approach. W.C. Brown
Publishers, Chicago, USA, 1995.
Alexander, Gretchen M. Biology. Academe Publishing House, San Juan, MM.
1996.
American Heritage Dictionary
Bernstein, Ruth. Biology. W.C. Brown Publisher, Chicago, USA, 1992.
Compilation of Communicable Diseases in Nursing, 1992
Mayoclinic.com @ yahoo.ph
Modern Medical Guide, Revised Education, 1990
Republic Act No. 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
Santiago, et. al. MAPEH III A Worktext. St. Augustine Publishing Inc. Quezon
City, 2004
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6
th
. Ed. Columbia University Press.
Copyright 2007
Wikipedia Encyclopedia