Professional Documents
Culture Documents
METHOD
Data Processing
Female Speaker Files Rhythm 1–5 Male Speaker Files Rhythm 1–5
f01: To be a good
manager 2 m01: Property & housing market 3
f02: Intercultural
communication 3 m02: Ceramic tiles 4
f03: Personal space 4 m03: Safety (demolition) 3
f04: Interview follow-up 5 m04: Site supervisor motivation 4
f05: Advertisements 3 m05: Interest risk 5
f06: Wording of
advertisements 4 m06: Pollution problems 5
f07 – nonverbal
behaviour 3 m07: Job satisfaction 4
f08: AIDS 3 m08: Bamboo scaffolding 3
f09: SCMP versus
People’s Daily 4 m09: Industrial accidents 5
f10: Goal setting 3 m10: Poling contractors 4
The British English data used for this study were drawn from the
SCRIBE corpus (see Spencer, 1990). SCRIBE is a corpus of British
English speakers from four main areas of the United Kingdom: the
Southeast (with received pronunciation or a southern standard British
Syllabification
In order to calculate the duration of the syllables in the data, it is
first necessary to syllabify the data. This was achieved using the maxi-
mal onsets approach adopted in Roach, Hartman, & Setter (2006) for
syllabifying the entries in the seventeenth edition of the English
TABLE 2
Descriptive Statistics for All Syllables: Hong Kong English
Figure 1 shows the difference between the two varieties. The Hong
Kong English data are represented by the upper solid line (L1 = 1 in
the key), and the British English data by the lower dashed line (L1 =
2). On the x (horizontal) axis, 1 = weakened syllables, 2 = unstressed
syllables, 3 = stressed syllables and 4 = tonic syllables. On the y (verti-
cal) axis, average duration in milliseconds is given.
From the fact that syllables in the Hong Kong English data were
considerably longer overall than those in the British English data, it
might be anticipated that syllables in all categories in the Hong Kong
English data would be significantly longer statistically than those in the
British English data, but in fact this is not the case. It is clearly shown
in Figure 1, in which a curvilinear relationship between stress and
duration emerges, that this group of Hong Kong English speakers
maintain differences in length across the four stress levels, but that
they do not maintain these differences to the same degree as the
British English speakers studied; the ratio is different. An independent
samples t-test of each category finds the data to be different at a sig-
nificance level of p ≤ 0.000 for weak, unstressed, and stressed syllables,
but it finds no significant difference between the duration of tonic
syllables across the two language groups, at p ⫽ 0.536 (equal variances
not assumed). This finding can be expected from looking at Figure 1.
The ratios of the syllables (Hong Kong English: British English) are
TABLE 4
Syllable Duration According to Stress Level: Hong Kong English Data
FIGURE 1
Line Plot of Syllable Duration According to Stress Level in Hong Kong English And British English
DISCUSSION
The line plot, Figure 1, is rather telling about the situation in Hong
Kong English rhythmic stress: Weak and unstressed syllables are not as
short as those in the British English speech data, but tonic syllables
are very similar in length. Thus, the degree to which these syllables
differ in Hong Kong English is in sharp contrast to that of British
English. For the pattern to reflect the British English speakers, and
taking into account the overall difference in syllable length, the lines
would have had to have been parallel, not convergent. The lines,
although similar in form, are certainly not parallel, and the only point
at which the two varieties show no statistically significant difference is
tonic syllables (4 on the x axis). At each of the other three points, the
amount of difference becomes progressively less, but is still significantly
FIGURE 2
Proportion of Syllables According to Stress Level for Hong Kong English and British English
PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
THE AUTHOR
Jane Setter is a lecturer in phonetics at the University of Reading, Reading, England.
She has also worked in Hong Kong and Japan. Jane is co-editor with Peter Roach
and James Hartman of the seventeenth edition of Daniel Jones’s English Pronouncing
Dictionary and joint coordinator of IATEFL’s Pronunciation Special Interest Group.
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