Microteaching

The Properties and Function of

Buffer Solution in the Living Body
Wardatul Hasanah
4301411098
SYLLABUS OF CHEMISTRY
(SCIENCE AND MATHEMATIC SPECIALISATION FIELD)

Education Level : Senior High School
Grade : XI
Core Competencies :
1. Appreciating and practicing their religion precept
2. Appreciating and practicing honest behavior, discipline, responsibility, caring (mutual assistance, cooperation,
tolerance, peace), polite, responsive and proactive, and show attitude as part of the solution to various problems in
interacting effectively with the social and natural environment as well as in position ourselves as a reflection of the
nation in the association world
3. Understanding, implementing, and analyzing factual knowledge, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive based on
his curiosity about science, technology, arts, culture, and humanities with knowledge of humanity, national, state, and
civilization-related causes of phenomena and events, as well as apply the knowledge procedural in specific fields of
study according to their talents and interests to solve problems
4. Processing, reasoning, and presenting in the realm of the concrete and abstract domains associated with the
development of the independently learned in school, acting effectively and creatively, and be able to use the method
according to the rules of science
Basic Competence Subject Matter Learning Evaluation Time Allocation Learning Resources
2.1 Recognizing the
regularity of
hydrocarbon
properties,
thermochemical,
the rate of
reaction, chemical
equilibrium,
The properties and
function of the buffer
solution in the living
body
Observing
Find the information
from various sources
about the buffer
solution, the pH of the
buffer solution and the
properties and function
of the buffer solution in
Homework
Write in notebook
about the characteristic
and role of the buffer
solution in the living
body and insert the
discussion report in
class
3 weeks x 4
hours of lesson
- Book chemistry
class XI
- Worksheets
- Various other
sources
solutions and
colloids as a
manifestation of
the greatness of
Almighty God
and the
knowledge of the
existence of the
order as a result of
human creative
thinking that the
truth is tentative
2.1 Demonstrating
scientific behavior
(curious,
disciplined,
honest, objective,
open, able to
distinguish fact
and opinion,
tenacious,
conscientious,
responsible,
critical, creative,
innovative,
democratic,
communicative)
in designing and
conducting
experiments and
discussions are
embodied in daily
the living body
Find the information
about the blood
associated with its
ability to maintain the
pH of the acid or base
addition and dilution
Questioning
Asking the question of
how the formation of a
buffer solution
Why buffer solution pH
remained relatively
unchanged with the
addition of a little acid
or base
What are the benefits
of the buffer solution in
the living body
Experimenting
Analyze the nature of
the buffer solution
Associating
Process and analyze the
data to conclude that
the solution is a buffer
Determine the
relationship changes
pH graph on the acid-
base titration to explain
the properties of the
buffer solution
Observation
Scientific attitude in
discussions, active,
cooperative,
communicative, and
care for the
environment, etc.)
Presentation perform of
the discussion report
Portfolio
Discussion report
Test
Quiz test
life.
2.2 Showing the
behavior of
cooperative,
polite, tolerant,
peace-loving and
caring
environment and
saving in the use
of natural
resources.
2.3 Demonstrating
pro-active
behavior
responsive and
wise as a
manifestation of
the ability to solve
problems and
make decisions
3.13 Analyzing the
function of
buffers in living
bodies
4.13 Designing,
conducting, and
concluding and
presenting the
results of
experiments to
determine the
properties of the
Communicating
Communicate the
properties of the buffer
solution and the
function of buffer
solution in the living
body
buffer solution
LESSON PLAN

A. IDENTITY
School : Senior High School
Subject : Chemistry
Class/ Semester : XI
Subject Matter : The characteristic and function of the buffer solution in the living
body
Time Allocation :
B. BASIC COMPETENCE AND INDICATORS
Basic Competence in 2
nd
Core Competence
2.3 Demonstrating pro-active behavior responsive and wise as a manifestation of the
ability to solve problems and make decisions
Indicators:
Differentiate buffer solution and non-buffer solution
Basic Competence in 3
rd
Core Competence
3.13 Analyzing the function of buffers in living bodies
Indicators:
Describe the function of the buffer solution in the living body
Basic Competence in 4
th
Core Competence
4.13 Designing, conducting, and concluding and presenting the results of experiments to
determine the properties of the buffer solution
Analyze the properties of buffer solution based on graph changes in pH buffers and
tables of experimental results

C. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Students can explain individually as much as 3 properties of the buffer solution after
looking at the graph changes in pH between buffer solution and not a buffer solution
2. Students can explain individually at least an examples of the function of buffer
solution after discussions with the group

D. LEARNING MATERIALS
1. The properties of buffer solution
2. The function of buffer solution in living body

E. LEARNING APPROACH AND METHODS
1. Approach: Scientific
2. Model: Problem Based Learning
3. Strategy: Collaborative and cooperative
4. Methods: discussions, assignments, question and answer

F. MEDIA AND RESOURCES OF LEARNING
1. Tools and Materials:
a. Learning Media: LCD, Power Point Interactive
b. Student activity sheets
2. Learning Resources:
a. students resources
Harnanto, A and Ruminten. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI
Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education
.
b. Teachers resources
Premono, S. and friends. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI
Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education
Fajar Partanam, S and Wiyarsi, A. 2009. Lets Study Chemistry for Senior High
School/MA XI Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National
Education
Harnanto, A and Ruminten. 2009. Chemistry for Senior High School/MA XI
Grade. Jakarta: Center of Books, the Ministry of National Education
c. Website: www.youtube.com; www.translate.google.com

G. LEARNING STEPS
ACTIVITIES DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES TIMES
(MINUTES)
Introduction

Teacher opens the learning activity by greeting,
pray, and ask the student attendance
Teacher express the purpose of learning today
Teachers motivates students by asking questions
to guide students in learning about the topics to be
discussed at today's meeting
Teacher divides the class into groups with each
group consisting of 7 members
5
Main Students are asked to observe the graph of pH
changes in buffer and non-buffer solution that
exist on the worksheet along with some issues
regarding the function of buffer in the living body
to obtain the knowledge to use in a discussion
group
Students are asked to discuss with the group to
explain the characteristics of the buffer and its
function in the living body and each students fill
the attitude peer assesment
Teacher reads the quiz rule and give quiz to the
students
Students from each groups were given the
opportunity to answer the question
20
Closing Teacher gives rewards (eg, praise or other
relevant rewards) to groups that have high score
in quiz
Teachers does a review of the student's work and
reflection by asking students to conclude the
learning today
Teacher gives assignment to write the learning
material today and inserted the discussion result
with the conclusion in notebook of each students
5
and study the subject matters for the meeting later
Teacher ends the class by pray and closing
greeting

H. LEARNING ASSESSMENT
1. Assessment Techniques:
a. Aspects of Knowledge: The assignment
b. Aspects of Attitude: Attitude of students during the lesson
c. Aspects Skills: The score in question and answer method
2. Form of Instruments:
a. Discussion sheet
b. The Question and answer sheet
c. The Assignment sheet
d. Attitude peer assessment sheet
e. Observation skills assessment sheet

DISCUSSION SHEET (1/2)
Buffer system have 3 properties, students in Marmara Senior High School are asked to find
the properties based on experiment result by their teacher. In the experiment, they prepared 9
beaker glasses, buffer solution (contained 0.1 M CH3COOH and 0.1 M CH3COONa), non-
buffer solution (0.1 M NaCl), 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH, and distilled water. After that they
add 10 mL buffer solution in each 9 beaker glasses then in each glasses they give different
treatments then measure the pH by pH meter.
1
st
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
2
nd
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
3
rd
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
4
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
5
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
6
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
7
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
8
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
9
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 20 mL distilled water
After observe the buffer solution, they change 10 mL buffer solution by 10 mL non-buffer
solution and do the treatment like they did in buffer solution. Then, their experiment results:

Table 1. The result of the addition of a strong acid and a strong base
The Solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Buffer
Non-buffer
4.73
2.32
4.70
1.70
4.66
1.48
4,64
1.45
4.75
11.68
4.79
12.30
4.83
12.52
4.81
12.55
4.75
7


Picture 1. Graph of the change in pH buffer solutions (a) and the solution instead of buffer (non-buffer solution)
(b) by the addition of a strong acid and a strong base
After know their experiment result, can you write the reaction and can conclude by explain
the 3 properties of buffer solution? And what will happen if too much base or acid added?
Answer:

DISCUSSION SHEET (2/2)
Is it my blood buffer system?
Have you ever seen blood? What is the
general condition when you see? Red?
Slightly thick? Then, have you measured
the pH of your blood?
Yes, we can see the blood in various
ways, for example when we are injured
arm or leg is usually bloody, or when
they want to donate blood, blood checks,
and so on.
In general, the blood is red and it is a bit
thick, but not too thick, it is the
observation by naked eye were observed
directly. However, unlike with blood pH, by special techniques are required to measure it. In
general, normal blood pH is around 7.35-7.45. Then how can maintain blood pH?
Blood is a buffer system in the body, in this case what the content of the blood that is called a
buffer system?
Blood contains bicarbonate and carbonic acid. Can you determine which one is the acid and
which is the base conjugation?
How can the presence of these two compounds in blood maintain the pH?
Carbonic acid in blood acts to bind the base and will be produced bicarbonate acid and water,
while the bicarbonate acid will bind the acid and will be produced carbonic acid, the cycle
continues in the blood, so the blood pH is maintained. In general, the ratio of the
concentration of bicarbonate acid and carbonic acid is 20:1.
So what happens if there is no bicarbonate and carbonic acid in the blood? Maybe if there are
uncontained its compounds the blood pH could be acidic (acidosis) or alkaline (alkalosis).
After reading the article that contains the problems, can you:
1. Write down the buffer reaction happened.
2. Determine which one the acid and its base conjugate.
3. Explain the buffer system in the blood and the relation with buffer properties.
4. Give another buffer application in the body.
Answer:

THE QUESTION AND ANSWER SHEET

Question 1 : What is the difference between buffer and non-buffer solution?
Answer : When added by a few drops of strong/weak acid/base, the pH will not change
significantly
Question 2 : Draw the graph of buffer solution and non-buffer solution when added by a
few drops of acid or base?
Answer :








Picture A is buffer solution
Picture B is non-buffer solution
Question 3 : Explain the graph with the characteristic of buffer solution!
Answer : on the buffer solution graph, its seem that the curve related to mole H
+
or
OH
-
and pH doesnt change significantly, so it can be known the solution of
buffer have the characteristics:
1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little
bit of a strong acid or a strong base or dilution.
2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong
acids or strong bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is
spending component of the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will
change drastically.
3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the
components, i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or
a weak base and the number of moles of conjugate acid.
Question 4 : Mention as much as you know about the function of buffer solution!
Answer : Carbonate buffer solution in the blood, Carbonate buffer solution in the
blood, Amino acid buffer solution
Question 5 : Explain the function one of the buffer solution in the living body with the
reaction?
Answer :
1. Carbonate buffer solution in the blood (H
2
CO
3
with HCO
3
-
)
The food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood has
a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable and
remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a
composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a pH of
blood? Here's an overview of the process.
If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH
-
will react with acidic carbonic
(H
2
CO
3
) according to the reaction:

In contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by
HCO
3
-
ions according to the reaction:

With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonate and bicarbonate are
always remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.
Or
2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H
2
PO
4
with HPO
4
2-
)
Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic
fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or base,
depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body. Metabolism is
accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work optimally within a
certain pH called the optimum pH.
How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the
optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer solution.
Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO
4
2-
) and its base
conjugate (H
2
PO
4
-
). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid, then the acid will
react with HPO
4
2-
ions according to the reaction:

Vice versa, if the metabolic processes produce more base, then the base will react with
H
2
PO
4
-
ions according to the reaction:

The existence of both reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO
4
2
- with
H
2
PO
4
-
remain, so that the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.
Or
3. Amino acid buffer solution
Amino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein
components, having -NH
2
groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If the
amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H
+
ions, while the
amine group will accept H
+
ions. The reaction is as follows:

Question 6 : What will happen if in the buffer solution is added by too much acid or base?
Answer : base or acid conjugation of the buffer solution will completely reacted with
acid or base added, so buffer solution cant hold the pH, then the pH will
increase or decrease significantly

LEARNING MATERIALS
Properties of Buffer Solution
To be more understand the properties of buffer solution, it will be studied the influence
of the addition of strong acids, strong bases, and the dilution of the pH of the buffer solution
and non-buffer solution. There are table and graphics of the experiment result of buffer
solution properties:
Table 1. The result of the addition of a strong acid and a strong base
The Solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Buffer
Non-buffer
4.73
2.32
4.70
1.70
4.66
1.48
4,64
1.45
4.75
11.68
4.79
12.30
4.83
12.52
4.81
12.55
4.75
7
Explanation:
1. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
2. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
3. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
4. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
5. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
6. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
7. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
8. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
9. 10 mL buffer/non-buffer added by 20 mL distilled water

Picture 1. Graph of the change in pH buffer solutions (a) and the solution instead of buffer (non-buffer
solution) (b) by the addition of a strong acid and a strong base
As the graph above, can be concluded that the properties of buffer solution are:
1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little bit of a
strong acid or a strong base or dilution.
2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong acids or strong
bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is spending component of
the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will change drastically.
3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the components,
i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and the
number of moles of conjugate acid.




The Function of Buffer Solution

Most biochemical reactions within the living body only can take place at a certain pH.
Therefore, body fluids should a pH buffer solution that is always constant when metabolism
underway. There are the buffer solution in living body:
1. Carbonate buffer solution in the blood (H
2
CO
3
with HCO
3
-
)
The food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood has
a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable and
remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a
composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a pH of
blood? Here's an overview of the process.
If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH
-
will react with acidic carbonic
(H
2
CO
3
) according to the reaction:

In contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by
HCO
3
-
ions according to the reaction:

With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonic and bicarbonate are always
remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.
2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H
2
PO
4
with HPO
4
2-
)
Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic
fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or base,
depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body. Metabolism is
accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work optimally within a
certain pH called the optimum pH.
How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the
optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer solution.
Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO
4
2-
) and its base
conjugate (H
2
PO
4
-
). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid, then the acid will
react with HPO
4
2-
ions according to the reaction:

Vice versa, if the metabolic processes produce more base, then the base will react with
H
2
PO
4
-
ions according to the reaction:

The existence of both reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO
4
2
- with
H
2
PO
4
-
remain, so that the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.
3. Amino acid buffer solution
Amino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein
components, having -NH
2
groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If the
amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H
+
ions, while the
amine group will accept H
+
ions. The reaction is as follows:

LEARNING MATERIAL FOR STUDENT
The Characteristic and Function of Buffer
Solution in Living Body

The Characteristic of Buffer solution







Have you ever titrate a solution with acid or base, but the pH of it solution remain constant or
slightly change??
If you never seen that phenomenon, lets do this experiment:


5 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH and 5 mL 0.1 M CH3COONa added into each glass, then do
different treatments bellow:
1
st
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
2
nd
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
3
rd
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
4
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M HCl solution
5
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 1 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
6
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 5 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
7
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 10 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
8
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 11 mL 0.1 M NaOH solution
Umm
?!??
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
9
th
glass: 10 mL buffer added by 20 mL distilled water
After observe the buffer solution, they change 10 mL buffer solution by 10 mL non-buffer
solution and do the treatment like they did in buffer solution.







Contain of weak acid or base
So, in buffer solution: Contain of weak acid or base conjugation
pH remain constant or slightly change when added by acid or
base
Then, how is the properties of buffer solution?






Based on the graphics of experiment results can be concluded that buffer solution are:
1. The pH of buffer solution practically unchanged on the addition of a little bit of a
strong acid or a strong base or dilution.
2. The pH of buffer solution change on relatively large addition of strong acids or strong
bases are, when the addition a strong acid or a strong base is spending component of
the buffer solution, the pH of the solution will change drastically.
3. The strength of a buffer solution depends on the number of moles of the components,
i.e the number of moles of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and the
number of moles of conjugate acid.
NOTE: The pH of buffer solution will not always remain constant or slightly change, it will
be increase or decrease if added by too much acid or base


The Function of Buffer Solution in living body







Yes, thats absolutely right, that our body is contain buffer solutions. What are the buffer
solutions in our body? Lets check!
Carbonate and bicarbonate
Buffer solutions in our body Phosphate
Amino acid
1. Carbonate and bicarbonate
The food we eat will be distributed throughout the body, one through the blood. Blood
has a pH that is relatively remain, ie ranged from 7.0 to 8.0. Blood pH relatively stable
and remain because the content of the carbonate buffer solution in the blood have a
composition that is always remain. So how do carbonate buffer solution maintain a
pH of blood? Here's an overview of the process.
If the metabolism is produced a base, then the ion OH
-
will react with acidic carbonic,
in contrast, if the metabolism is an acid, the H + ions from the acid will be bound by
HCO
3
-
. With the two reactions above, the concentration ratio carbonic and
bicarbonate are always remain, so that the blood pH is relatively remain.
2. Phosphate buffer solution in the intracellular fluid (H
2
PO
4
with HPO
4
2-
)
Intracellular fluids in living body acts as a medium involving the metabolism of acidic
fluids or bases. As a result, the pH of the intracellular fluid can turn into an acid or
base, depending on the acid or base is involved in the metabolism of the body.
Metabolism is accelerated by a substance called enzymes. The enzyme can only work
optimally within a certain pH called the optimum pH.
How to keep the pH of the intracellular fluid remain in a state of optimum? So that the
optimum pH of the intracellular fluid, in living body there is a phosphate buffer
solution. Phosphate buffer solution is derived from a weak acid diphosphate (HPO
4
2-
)
and its base conjugate (H
2
PO
4
-
). If in the process of metabolism produced more acid,
then the acid will react with HPO
4
2-
ions. Vice versa, if the metabolic processes
produce more base, then the base will react with H
2
PO
4
-
ions. The existence of both
reactions above caused the comparisons between HPO
4
2
- with H
2
PO
4
-
remain, so that
the intracellular pH in the liquid always remains.
3. Amino acid buffer solution
Amino acids are carboxylic acids having amino groups. Amino acids are protein
components, having -NH
2
groups on the atoms and the-COOH as group position. If
Teacher I know there are
buffer solutions in our
body
the amino acid soluble in water, then the carboxylic group will release H
+
ions, while
the amine group will accept H
+
ions.

Oky, now is your turn guys to
find the reaction of each
phenomenon above !?!
THE ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Complete your chemistry notebook by:
1. Insert the first discussion sheet and write the answer
2. Insert the second discussion sheet and write the answer
3. Write the interested thing of the learning today
4. Write which sub material that confusing you
5. Write what will you do to solve your problems

ATTITUDE PEER ASSESMENT SHEET
1. Mention who is your friend that is the most understand about the material in your
group
2. Mention who is your friend that is the most active talking about the material in your
group
3. Mention 3 of your friends that are work well in the group
4. Mention 3 of your friends that are not work well in the group
5. Mention who is your friend that doesnt give the contribution in your group
6. Mention who can answer the quiz so your group collect the point
7. Mention the job of each students in your group

OBSERVATION SKILLS ASSESSMENT SHEET
GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 STUDENT NAME