Beam Manual

1
Developed by Scott Civjan

University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Beam AISC Manual 14th Ed
Beam Members:
Chapter F: Flexural Strength
Chapter G: Shear Strength
Chapter I: Composite Member Strength
Part 3: Design Charts and Tables
Chapter B: Local Buckling Classification
2
Chapter F:
Flexural Strength
3
u
b
= 0.90 (O
b
= 1.67)
4
Flexural Strength
Specification assumes that the following failure modes have
minimal interaction and can be checked independently from
each other:
Lateral Torsional Buckling(LTB)
Flange Local Buckling (FLB)
Shear
5
Flexural Strength
Local Buckling:
Criteria in Table B4.1
Strength in Chapter F: Flexure
Strength in Chapter G: Shear
6
Flexural Strength
Local Buckling Criteria
Slenderness of the flange and web, , are used as criteria to
determine whether buckling would control in the elastic or
inelastic range, otherwise the plastic moment can be obtained
before local buckling occurs.
Criteria
p
and
r
are based on plate buckling theory.
For W-Shapes
FLB, = b
f
/2t
f

pf
= ,
rf
=
WLB, = h/t
w

pw
= ,
rw
=
y
F
E
38 . 0
y
F
E
76 . 3
y
F
E
70 . 5
y
F
E
0 . 1
7
Flexural Strength
s
p
compact
M
p
is reached and maintained before local buckling.
|M
n
= |M
p
p
s s
r
non-compact
Local buckling occurs in the inelastic range.
|0.7M
y
|M
n
< |M
p
>
r
slender element
Local buckling occurs in the elastic range.
|M
n
< |0.7M
y
8
Flexural Strength
Local Buckling
M
r
= 0.7F
y
S
x
M
p
= F
y
Z
x
p
Equation F3-1 for FLB:
r

M
n
Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members
9
( )
0.7
pf
n p p y x
rf pf
M M M F S

(
| |
=
( |
|
(
\ .

0.9
c x
n
Ek S
M
2
=
Note: WLB not shown. See Spec. sections F4 and F5.
M
r
= 0.7F
y
S
x
M
p
= F
y
Z
x
p
r

M
n
Doubly Symmetric I-Shaped Members
10
( )
0.7
pf
n p p y x
rf pf
M M M F S

(
| |
=
( |
|
(
\ .

0.9
c x
n
Ek S
M
2
=
Note: WLB not shown. See Spec. sections F4 and F5.
Rolled W-shape sections are
dimensioned such that the webs are
compact and flanges are compact in most
cases. Therefore, the full plastic moment
usually can be obtained prior to local
buckling occurring.
10
The following slides assume:
Compact sections
Doubly symmetric members and channels
Major axis Bending
Section F2
11
Flexural Strength
Only consider LTB as a potential failure mode prior to reaching
the plastic moment.
LTB depends on unbraced length, L
b
, and can occur in the elastic
or inelastic range.
If the section is also fully braced against LTB,
M
n
= M
p
= F
y
Z
x
Equation F2-1
When members are compact:
12
Flexural Strength
M
p
= F
y
Z
x
Equation F2-1
M
r
= 0.7F
y
S
x
L
p
= Equation F2-5
L
r
= Equation F2-6
r
ts
2
= Equation F2-7
r
y
=
For W shapes
c = 1 (Equation F2-8a)
h
o
= distance between flange centroids
A
I
y
When LTB is a possible failure mode:
Values of |M
p
, |M
r
, L
p
and L
r
are tabulated in Table 3-2
13
1.76
y
y
E
r
F
2 2
0
.7
1.95 6.76
0.7
y
c c
ts
y x o x
F
J J E
r
F S h S h E
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
y w
x
I C
S
Equation F2-2
M
r
M
p
M
n
Equation F2-3 and F2-4
L
b
Plastic LTB
Inelastic
LTB
Elastic LTB
L
p
L
r
L
b
Lateral Brace
M = Constant (C
b
=1)
Lateral Torsional Buckling
Strength for Compact
W-Shape Sections
14
X
X
If L
b
> L
r
,
M
n
= F
cr
S
x
M
p
Equation F2-3
Where Equation F2-4
2
2
2
0
1 0 078
b c b
cr
x ts
b
ts
C E J L
F .
S h r
L
r
| |
= +
|
\ . | |
|
\ .
If L
p
< L
b
s L
r
,
Equation F2-2
Note that this is a straight line.
If L
b
s L
p
,
M
n
= M
p
Assume C
b
=1 for now
15
( )
.7
b p
n b p p y x p
r p
L L
M C M M F S M
L L
(
| |
= s
( |
|
(
\ .

Results are included only for:
W sections typical for beams
F
y
= 50 ksi
C
b
= 1
Plots of |M
n
versus L
b
for C
b
= 1.0 are tabulated,
Table 3-10
16
Flexural Strength
To compute M
n
for any moment diagram,
M
n
= C
b
(M
n(Cb1)
) s M
p
|M
n
= C
b
(|M
n(Cb1)
) s |M
p
(M
n(Cb1)
) = M
n
, assuming C
b
= 1
C
b
, Equation F1-1
max
max
12 5
2 5 3 4 3
b
A B C
. M
C
. M M M M
=
+ + +
17
Flexural Strength
M
max
= absolute value of maximum moment in unbraced section
M
A
= absolute value of moment at quarter point of unbraced section
M
B
= absolute value of moment at centerline of unbraced section
M
C
= absolute value of moment at three-quarter point of unbraced
section
X X
M
A
M
B
M
C
M
max
Shown is the section of
the moment diagram
between lateral braces.
18
4
b
L
4
b
L
4
b
L
4
b
L
Flexural Strength
X
X
X X X
( ) ( )
12 5 12.5
1 31
9.5
2 5 3 4 3
2 2
b
. M
C .
M M
. M M
= = =
+ + +
( ) ( ) ( )
12.5 12.5
1.67
3
7.5
2.5 3 4 3
4 2 4
b
M
C
M M M
M
= = =
+ + +
Example
Consider a simple beam with differing lateral brace locations.
Note that the moment diagram is
unchanged by lateral brace locations.
19
M
M
X lateral brace location
Flexural Strength
C
b
approximates an equivalent
beam of constant moment.
X X
M
max
X X
M
max
/C
b
M
M/2
M
M
M
C
b
=1.0
C
b
=1.25
C
b
=1.67
C
b
=2.3
M
20
Flexural Strength
Strength for Compact W-Shape Sections
Effect of C
b
M
r
M
p
M
n
L
b
L
p
L
r
C
b
=1
21
Flexural Strength
21
Effect of C
b
M
r
M
p
M
n
L
b
L
p
L
r
C
b
=1
22
Flexural Strength
C
b
>1
22
Effect of C
b
M
r
M
p
M
n
L
b
L
p
L
r
C
b
=1
23
Flexural Strength
C
b
>1
Limited by M
p
23
Chapter G:
Shear Strength
24
Nominal Shear Strength
V
n
= 0.6F
y
A
w
C
v
Equation G2-1
0.6F
y
= Shear yield strength per Von Mises Failure Criteria
A
w
= area of web = dt
w
C
v
= reduction factor for shear buckling
25
Shear Strength
a = clear distance between transverse stiffeners
h = clear distance between flanges minus fillet on a rolled shape
k
v
= 5 if no stiffeners are present, if , or
2
260
w
a
h
h
t
(
(
>
(
(

3.0
a
h
>
C
v
depends on slenderness of web and locations of shear stiffeners.
It is a function of k
v
.
Equation G2-6
( )
2
5
5
h
a
k
v
+ =
26
Shear Strength
For a rolled I-shaped member
If
Then |
v
= 1.00 (O = 1.50)
y w
F
E
.
t
h
24 2 s
V
n
= 0.6F
y
A
web
(shear yielding) (C
v
= 1.0)
27
Shear Strength
Otherwise, for other doubly symmetric shapes
If then Equation G2-5
|
v
= 0.9 (O =1.67)
y
v
w
F
E k
.
t
h
10 1 s
y
v
w y
v
F
E k
.
t
h
F
E k
. 37 1 10 1 s s
y
v
w
F
E k
.
t
h
37 1 >
1 =
v
C
w
y
v
v
t
h
F
E k
.
C
10 1
=
2
1 51
v
v
y
w
. k E
C
h
F
t
=
| |
|
\ .
28
Equation G2-4 C
v
reduction
0.6F
y
A
w
V
n
Equation G2-5 C
v
reduction
y
v
F
E k
.10 1
y
v
F
E k
.37 1
h/t
w
Shear Yielding
Inelastic
Shear
Buckling
Elastic Shear Buckling
29
0.48F
y
A
w
Shear Strength
Deflections :
There are no serviceability requirements in AISC
Specification.
L.1 states limits shall be chosen with due regard to
the intended function of the structure and shall be
evaluated using appropriate load combinations for
the serviceability limit states.
30

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Developed by Scott Civjan

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