PEC140 Introduction to Chemistry

STUDY BLOCK 3 Tutorial Questions

1. What are three indications that a chemical reaction might have taken place?

2. Elemental boron is produced in a particular industrial process by heating diboron trioxide
with magnesium metal, also producing magnesium oxide as a by-product. Write the
unbalanced equation for this process.

3. Correctly balance each of the following:
a) C
5
H
12
(g) +O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) +H
2
O(g)
b) CO
2
(g) +NH
3
(g) CO(NH
2
)
2
(aq) +H
2
O(l)
c) FeS(s) +HCl(aq) FeCl
2
(aq) +H
2
S(g)
d) NaHCO
3
(s) Na
2
CO
3
(s) +CO
2
(g) +H
2
O(g)
e) As
2
O
3
(s) +KI(aq) +HCl(aq) AsI
3
(s) +KCl(aq) +H
2
O(l)
f) Na
2
CO
3
(aq) +S(s) +SO
2
(g) CO
2
(g) +Na
2
S
2
O
3
(aq)

4. a) What is the definition of a net ionic equation?
b) Why is net ionic often written with quote marks ( ) around it?

5. Write full (molecular) and net ionic equations for each of the following reactions.
a) Sodium hydroxide is added to nitric acid to give sodium nitrate and liquid water.
b) Solutions of potassium carbonate and barium nitrate are mixed, producing a white
precipitate.
c) A solution of iron(III) chloride is added to aqueous sodium hydroxide.
d) Solid iron(II) oxide is heated with oxygen gas to produce solid iron(III) oxide.
e) State for each of the above, what type of reaction it is.

6. Calculate the mass of each of the following (Avogadros number =6.02 10
23
mol
1
):
a) 1.00 mol of iodine atoms.
b) 1.00 mol of iodine molecules.
c) 2 iodine molecules.

7. Which one of the following pair contains the greatest number of atoms; 12 g of oxygen (O
2
)
or 12 g of sulfur dioxide (SO
2
)?

8. The arsenic-containing compound cacodyl (C
2
H
6
As) was first reported in 1842 by the
German chemist Robert Bunsen. (Never smile at cacodyl: it has an almost intolerable garlic-
like odour and is very toxic). Its molar mass is 105.0 g mol
1
. Calculate the percentage by
mass of carbon in cacodyl.

9. The action of bacteria on meat and fish produces a poisonous compound called cadaverine.
As its name and origin implies, it stinks!! In an effort to determine the structure of
cadaverine, an elemental analysis was performed and results indicated the compound
contained 58.77% carbon, 13.81% hydrogen and 27.40% nitrogen. What is the empirical
formula of cadaverine?

10. For some unknown reason, the USA still has pennies (1c pieces) in circulation. The penny is
made of a zinc disk that is covered in a thin layer of copper. If you scratch the copper layer,
revealing the zinc beneath, and then soak the coin in hydrochloric acid, the zinc dissolves
leaving a hollow shell of copper. Write a balanced equation to show the reaction of zinc
metal with hydrochloric acid which produces dissolved zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

11. Write the net ionic equations for any precipitation reactions that occur when aqueous
solutions of the following compounds are mixed. If no visible reaction occurs, write no
reaction.
a) Iron(III) nitrate and sodium carbonate.
b) Mercury(I) nitrate and sodium chloride.
c) Sodium nitrate and tin(II) nitrate.
d) Copper(II) sulfate and sodium sulfide.
e) Lithium phosphate and lead(II) nitrate.
f) Calcium nitrate and lithium carbonate

12. Which one of the following best describes what happens when magnesium chloride solution
is added to dilute nitric acid?
A. MgCl
2
+2HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+2HCl
B. Mg
2+
+2NO
3

Mg(NO
3
)
2

C. H
+
+Cl

2HCl
D. Cl

+HNO
3
HCl +NO
3

E. There is no visible reaction.

13. When solutions of the following are mixed, which combinations will result in the formation
of precipitates?
(i) Ba(NO
3
)
2
and HCl (ii) Ca(NO
3
)
2
and Na
2
SO
4

(iii) Cu(NO
3
)
2
and CsOH (iv) Pb(NO
3
)
2
and H
2
SO
4


A. (i), (ii), and (iii) only B. (ii) and (iii) only C. all
D. (ii), (iii) and (iv) only E. (i), (ii) and (iv) only