Surveying

- Identify parallel surfaces and maximum contours (teeth and ridges) -

-Graphite marker : The tip level with the gingival margin if not
False survey line
Path of insertion; = path of withdrawal, Single or multiple
- Path of displacement; Variable, 90 at the occlusal plane
at Initial survey :
-Horizontal occlusal plane, 0 tilt
-Identify undercuts position and amount in relation to the most likely
path of displacement
Sufficient undercuts or not -
-At zero tilt:
Path of insertion=path of displacement
-Other tilts:
Path of insertionpath of displacement
-Undercuts must be present on teeth relative to the horizontal
survey(retention)
Resistance along the path of displacement. -
Clasps and guide planes
-Resistance along the path of withdrawal.
Clasps only
-Blockout; Done on the master cast
+ Gingival crevices - : Arbitrary blockout - ; 1 Types of blockout -
Undercut areas not crossed by denture,,,2- Shaped blockout:- Clasp
arms,, 3- Relief: Over thin tissues + Attachment of resin


Denture base considerations
in RPD Design
Acrylic Resin Bases; Most common type -
-Indications; 1-For extension bases.
2-When denture base resin is needed to restore anatomic contour and
esthetics.
3- When there is a need for relining.
4-For long span tooth supported saddle

- The framework is embedded in the base material of at least 1.5 mm
acrylic
- Tissue stop should be made for combination of acrylic and metal base
- open lattice framework better than mesh patterns
- by tissue stop: 1mm space is provided between the mucosa and the denture
base connectors.
-The outer longitudinal struts are wider than the inner transverse
struts in lattice work denture base minor connecter, only the
transverse struts should cross the crest of the residual ridge
- Internal & external finish lines should not coincide

-Metal Bases; indecations: 1-For short span tooth borne denture.
2-When there is insufficient vertical space for use of resin.
3-When there is a deep vertical overlap of anterior teeth.

Contraindecation; -difficult to reline
Contra-indicated in distal extension RPD
Contra-indicated immediately after extractions



-What is the indication for using metal base?
Small bounded saddle area.
If it is large (the missing teeth more than 4) we will use acryl.

-allow some minor vertical movement, so whenever
the patients bite on the artificial teeth the forces will not
distribute to the abutment.
- like ball and socket , any movement on free end saddle is
broken by the movement of the joint around the ball
-flange extension: Dont go beyond 2-3 mm buccally and lingualy with metal
base but you can with acrylic, unless there is an undercut you can block it or
make the flange shorter
-Metal alloy may be cast much thinner than acrylic resin and still have adequate
strength and rigidity((Chrome=titanium, < gold))


-all parts of the partial denture framework are rigid except the retentive arm of
the direct retainer

-tooth- tissue supported partial dentures should be maximally extended for
support & retention
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RPD Design
- - it is the dentist who is responsible for the design primarily,
-C clasp "circumferential clasp" or Akers clasp "contains the rest, guide
plane, reciprocal and retentive arms , it will be used in the bounded
saddle area , on the saddle area we will use open lattice because it is
stronger than the mesh, On the free end saddle we will use RPI
system .
-IF we want to get support for our design , we can get support from the
rests, so we need to select the size of the rest, and the site of it and if the
rest have to be bilateral or not, because if we put one rest on one side we
have to put another rest on the opposing side even if there is no missing
teeth are there!, this is what we call it cross arch stabilization,
- The Akers clasps are the easiest one to construct, although the best
retention comes from the I-bar.
- any plate which is extended to the anterior teeth should have rests on the
canines to prevent causing a trauma of the gingiva.
- On the secondary cast , we do some blocking out then we duplicate it by
using a refractory material, & we make the metal component on the
refractory cast
- The rests must be positioned very well on their seats, we dont have
what we call metal flush, which is an edges of fine metal that is replaced
places where we had some wax. so metal flush should be removed.
- the idea of the altered cast; It's a secondary cast but we alter it in a way
that we take excellent impression of the free end saddle areas and over
that we continue our work.
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Definitions:
-Analyzing rod; study the undercuts without marking
survey line Identify and mark the :; Graphite marker -
to make sure that the block out is parallel to the path of insertion Used Trimming knife; -
Limit the path of , Parallel axial surfaces on abutment teeth Guide surfaces;
insertion
-Path of insertion; The path followed by the denture from its first contact with the
teeth until it is fully seated
-Path of displacement; It is the direction in which the denture tends to be displaced
in function
-denture base considerations in RPD Design: The denture base is
that part of the RPD, which contacts the oral mucosa and in which the artificial
teeth are attached.
-finish line: the junction between the acrylic denture base and the major
connector or any polished metal surface.
- Internal finish line (IFL): Space between the metal framework and
the tissues surface of the cast is provided by adding relief wax onto
the edentulous ridge on the master cast. The ledge created by the
margin of the relief wax in the metal framework should be sharp
and definite
- External finish line (EFL): It is the junction between the acrylic and the
exposed metal on the external or polished surface.

- Nailheads: like a pen but at the end, it has horizontal piece for
better retention




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