Dr.

NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM

1

SUBJECT CODE: EE 2355
SUBJECT NAME: DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES

UNIT I INTRODUCTION
PART-A (1 MARK)

1. Which of the following gives materials in order of decreasing values of
permeability?
(A) Cobalt, Nickel, Aluminium, Iron
(B) Permalloy, Nickel, Air, Water
(C) Silver, Copper, Aluminium, Iron
(D) Pure iron, Silicon iron. Aluminium,
Bismuth.
2. In electrical machines the material preferred for pole shoes of electro-magnets is
(A) Pure iron
(B) Aluminium
(C) Copper
(D) Lead.
3. The percentage of silicon in transformer stampings is usually limited to
(A) 0.4%
(B) 1.4%
(C) 4%
(D) 14%.
4. Find the odd one out
(A) Absorptivity
(B) Emissivity
(C) Refractive index
(D) Dielectric strength.
5.Diamagnetic: Paramagnetic:
(A) Water: Air
(B) Iron: Steel
(C) Permalloy: Super-alloy
(D) Nickel: Cobalt.
6. If the permeability of a material is 0.999991. it can be classified as
(A) Diamagnetic material
(B) Paramagnetic material
(C) Ferro-magnetic material
(D) Ferrite.
7.Which of the following material has the highest permeability?
(A) Nickel
(B) Cobalt
(C) Pure iron
(D) Permalloy.
8.For a simplex lap winding, the commutator pitch is equal to
(A) +1
(B) 1
(C) -l
(D) 2.
9.If the resistivity of aluminum is 0.0283 x 10
-6
-m, the resistivity of copper could
be
(A) 0.017 x 10
-5
-m
(B) 0.0382 x 10
-5
-m
(C) 0.0832 x 10
-6
-m
(D) 0.0889 x 10
-6
-m
10.Which variety of copper is used for overhead conductors?
(A) Hard drawn copper
(B) Native copper
(C) Annealed copper
(D) Purest form of copper.
11.Annealed copper is used in
(A) Low voltage cables
(B) Flexible wires
(C) Machine windings
(D) all of the above.
12.A ACSR conductor has central core of steel surrounded by a bunch of
aluminium wires. In such conductors
(A) Current flows through aluminium
conductors only
(B) Current flows through steel wire
only
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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(C) Current flows through both steel as
well as aluminium conductors
(D) Majority of current flows through
aluminium and negligible amount flows
through steel.
13.Which property of copper enables it to be drawn into thin wires and sheets?
(A) Ductility
(B) Elasticity
(C) Toughness
(D) Tenacity.
14.Which is non-magnetic material?
(A) Nickel
(B) Cobalt
(C) Aluminium
(D) Gadolinium.
15.Which of the following is the least desired property in magnetic materials for
electrical engineering applications?
(A) High magnetic permeability
(B) High electrical resistivity
(C) Large hysteresis loop
(D) All of the above.
16.Above Curie point
(A) a ferromagnetic material becomes
paramagnetic
(B) a ferrite becomes an insulator
(C) a insulating material becomes a
ferrite
(D) a diamagnetic material, becomes a
paramagnetic material.
17. For a simplex lap winding, the winding pitch is equal to
(A) + 2
(B) - 2
(C) 1
(D) 2.
18.If y
b
is the back pitch and u is the no. of coil sides per slot, then split coils can be
avoided if the following quantity is an integer
(A) (yb + 1)/
(B) (yb + 1 )
(C) (yb - 1)/
(D) (yb - 1)
19.Which of the following is a paramagnetic material?
(A) Palladium
(C) Pure iron

(B) Lead
(D) All of the above.
20.Which of the following is a ferromagnetic material?
(A) Pure iron
(B) Lead
(C) Bismuth
(D) Water.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B A C D A A D B A A D D A C C A D C A A

PART-B (2 MARKS)

21. How the design problems of an electrical machine can be classified?
The design problems of an electrical machine are classified as follows
Electromagnetic design
Mechanical design
Thermal design
Dielectric design.


Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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22. What is magnetic circuit?
The magnetic circuit is the path of magnetic flux. The mmf of the circuit creates flux
in the path by overcoming the reluctance of the path. The equation which relates flux,
mmf and reluctance is given by,
Flux = MMF Reluctance
23. What are the constituents of magnetic circuit in rotating machines?
The magnetic circuit of rotating machine consists of air-gap, stator and rotor cores,
and stator and rotor teeth.
24. What is loss curve?
The loss curve is a graph showing the relation between iron loss and magnetic field
intensity, H. It is used to estimate the iron loss of the magnetic materials and it is
supplied by the manufacturers of stampings or laminations.
25. What is leakage flux?
The leakage flux is the flux passing through unwanted path. The leakage flux will
not help either for transfer or conversion of energy.
26. What is fringing flux?
The bulging of magnetic path at the air-gap is called fringing. The fluxes in the
bulged portion are called fringing flux.
27. What are the factors which modify the reluctance of air-gap?
The factor which modify the reluctance of air-gap are
Slots.
radial ventilating ducts
Non-uniform air-gaps.
28. Define total gap contraction factor, Kg. (AU-APRIL/MAY2007)
The total gap contraction factor, Kg is defined as the ratio of reluctance of slotted
armature with ducts and the reluctance of smooth armature without ducts.
29. Define field form factor. (NOV/DEC2009) (AU-APRIL/MAY2012)
The field form factor, Kf is defined as the ratio of average gap density over the
Pole pitch to maximum flux density in the air-gap.
30.What is real and apparent flux density? (AU-NOV/DEC2009)
The real flux density is due to the actual flux through a tooth. The apparent flux
density is due to total flux pass through the tooth. Since some of the flux passes
through slot the real flux density is always less than the apparent or total flux
density.
31. List the methods used for estimating the mmf for teeth. (AU-NOV/DEC2008)
The following are the three methods used for estimating the mmf for teeth are
Graphical method three ordinate method (simpsons rule) Bt1/3 method.
32. Define specific permeance
Specific permeance is defined as the permeance per unit length (or) depth of field.
33.What is unbalanced magnetic pull?
The unbalanced magnetic pull is the radial force acting on the rotor due to non
uniform air-gap around armature periphery.


34. List the various techniques employed to overcome unbalanced magnetic pull.
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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The various techniques employed to overcome the unbalanced magnetic
pull are
The length of the rotor is small and diameter is made higher.
Ball bearings are employed and rotor is dynamically balanced.
The combinations of rotor and stator slots which produce vibrations are
avoided.
35.What factor decides the number of turns in a winding? (AU-NOV/DEC2009,AU-
APRIL/MAY2007)
The factors deciding the number of turns in the winding are (i) the emf per turn
andflux density. (ii) The emf per turn depends on the type of insulation employed.
36. What is the effect of salient poles on the air-gap mmf? (AU-APR/MAY2007)
In salient pole machines the length of air-gap is not constant over the whole pole
pitch. Hence the effective air-gap length is given by Kglg where Kg is the gap contraction
factor. Also for calculating mmf, the maximum gap density Bg at the centre of the pole is
considered instead of average gap density. MMF for air-gap in salient pole machine =
800,000 BgKglg.
37. What are the problems encountered in estimating the mmf for teeth?
The problems encountered in estimating the mmf for teeth are
The flux density in different section of a tooth is not uniform.
The slot provides another parallel path for the flux, shunting the tooth.
38. What are the factors which modify the reluctance of air-gap?
The reluctance of air-gap is modified by slots, radial ventilating ducts and non
uniform air-gaps.
39.Define leakage coefficient. (AU-APRIL/MAY2012)
The leakage coefficient is defined as the ratio of total flux to useful flux.
Leakage coefficient Cl = Total flux Useful flux
40.Define gap contraction factor for ducts.(AU-NOV/DEC2008,AU-APR/MAY2007)
The gap contraction factor for ducts, Kgd is defined as the ratio of reluctance of
airgapwith ducts to reluctance of air gap without ducts.
Kgd = Reluctance of air-gap with ducts Reluctance of air-gap without ducts
41. Define gap contraction factor for slots.
The gap contraction factor for slots, Kgs is defined as the ratio of reluctance of
air-gap of slotted armature to reluctance of air-gap of smooth armature.
Kgs= Reluctance of air - gap of slotted armature
Reluctance of air-gap of smooth armature
42. State any two methods of cooling of turbo alternators. (AU-
MAY/JUNE2008,NOV/DEC2009)
The two methods of cooling of turbo alternators are
i. Air cooled ii. Direct cooled.
43. What is optimum design? (AU-APRIL/MAY2009)
The design is said to be optimum when the following are met.
(i) Min loss (or ) Max
efficiency,
(ii) Min cost,
(iii)Min Volume,
(iv) Min Weight.
44. Define stacking factor. (AU-APRIL/MAY07)
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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Stacking factor is defined as the ratio of actual length of iron in stacks of
assembled core plates to total axial length of stack.
45. What is rating?
Rating of a motor is the power output or the designated operating power limit
based upon certain definite conditions assigned to it by the manufacturer.
46. Mention the different types of duties of a machine.
The following are the types of duty as per IS: 4722 -1968
1. S1 = continuous duty
2. S 2 = short time duty
3. S3 = Intermittent periodic duty
4. S4 = Intermittent periodic duty with starting
5. S5 = Intermittent periodic duty with starting and barking
6. S6 = continuous duty with Intermittent periodic loading
7. S7 = continuous duty with starting and barking
8. S8 = continuous duty with periodic speed changes.
47. What is Carters gap co-efficient?
The Carters gap co-efficient (Kcs) is the ratio of slot width to gap length. The
formula which gives value of Kcs directly is Kcs = 11+ 5lg/Ws for parallel sided
-1 Y
48. Write down the expression for calculation of reluctance of air gap with slotted
armature.
The expression for calculation of reluctance of air gap with slotted armature is
Sg = lg/ ys L = lg / 0 L (ys - KcsWs ).
49. Define Specific electric loading? (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
ac = Total armature ampere conductors/armature periphery at airgap.
50. What are the major considerations in design? (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
Cost
Durability
Compliance with performance criteria as laid down in specifications

PART-C (16 MARKS)
51. What are the methods of determining the temperature rise of windings and
other parts of an electrical machine?(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
52. A laminated steel tooth of armature of a d.c machine is 30mm long and has a
taper such that the maximum width is 1.4 times the minimum. Estimate the
mmf required for a mean flux density of 1.9wb/m
2
in the tooth. B-H
characteristics of steel is given below:
B
wb/m2
1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
H
A/m
3700 10,000 17000 27000 41000 70000 1,09,000
(AU-NOV/DEC2007)
53. Determine the apparent flux density in teeth of a dc machine when the
real flux density is 2.15 web/m2. Slot pitch is 28mm, slot width is 10mm and
the gross core length 0.35 m.The number of ventilating ducts is 4. Each duct
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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is 10mm wide. The magnetizing force for a flux density of 2.15 wb/m2 is
55000H/m.The iron stacking factor is 0.9 NOV/DEC2007 (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
54. Derive formula for temperature difference between the centre and
overhang of a conductor placed in a slot. Find this temperature difference
if Electrical resistivity of conductor=0.021*10
-6
m Current density in the
conductor=4A/mm
2
Thermal resistivity of the conductor=0.0025m Length
of the conductor=50cm (NOV/DEC2007)
55. Explain the occrence of eddy current loss in conductors of electrical
apparatus. (AU-NOV/DEC2007)
56. State different types of magnetic material used in electrical engineering and
ention salient properities of each of theses materials. (AU-NOV/DEC2007)
57. Derive the expression for total MMF for airgap in a magnetic circuit. (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
58. Calculate the mmf required for the air gap of a machine having core
length=0.32m including 4 ducts of 10mm each, pole arc=0.19m;slot
pitch=65.4mm;slot opening=5mm; air gap length=5mm; flux per
pole=52mwb;given carters coefficient is 0.18 for opening=1,and for
opening=2 (AU-NOV/DEC2009)
59. What is leakage reactance? What are the components of leakage
flux?Explain in details.( AU-NOV/DEC2009)
60. Explain the direct cooling of turbo alternator with neat schematic.(AU-
NOV/DEC2009,APRIL/MAY2010)
61. Estimate the effective gap area per pole of a 10 pole, slip ring IM with the
following data:
Stator bore=0.65m;core length=.25m no of stator slot=90, stator slot
opening=3mm, rotor slots=120; rotor slot opening=3mm; air gap length
=.95mm; cartres coefficient for ducts=.68; cartres coefficient for
slots=.46, number of ventaliting ducts=3 each on rotor and stator, width
of each ventaliting duct=10mm (APR/MAY2010)
62. Explain the effect of saliency on the mmf required for air gap of salient pole
machine. APR/MAY2010
63. The field coil of dc m/c are excited with 2.5A at 230 V. The weight of copper
in the coils is 60 kg. Estimate the rate at which the temperature will begin
when the coils are excited from cold conditions. Specific heat of copper is 390
J/kg-C (AU-APRIL/MAY2010)
64. State and explain advantages of hydrogen cooling as applied to turbo
alternator. (AU-MAY/JUNE2009)
65. Draw the cross sectional view of rotor slot and explain the method involved
in direct hydrogen cooling of rotor of turbo alternator. (AU-
MAY/JUNE2009)
66. Compute apperant magnetic flux density in the teeth of a dc machine when
the real flux density is 2.15 w/m
2
. Slot pitch is 28mm. Slot width is 10mm and
the gross core length is 0.35 m.the number of ventilating ducts is 4,each
10mm wide. The magnetizing force for a flux density of 2.15web/m
2
is 55000
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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A/m.. The iron stacking factor is 0.9. (AU-
MAY/JUNE2009,NOV/DEC2009,NOV/DEC2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
67. Determine the air gap length of a dc m/c from the following particulars;
Gross length of the core:0.12m; no of ducts:1; width of each duct:10mm;
slot pitch:25mm; slot width:10mm; carter,s coefficient for slots and
ducts:0.32; gap density at pole
centre:0.7wb/sqm;fieldMMf/pole:3900AT; MMF required for iron parts
of the magnetic circuit:800AT(AU-NOV/DEC2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
68. Discuss the properties and specification of magnetic materials used in the
manufacture of electrical machines. (AU-NOV/DEC2009)(AU-APRIL/MAY
2013)
69. Mention the major factors that impose technical limitation on the design of
electrical m/c.Explain.(AU- NOV/DEC2009)
70. Describe the step by step procedure for the design of a dc rotating m/c, by
listing out the assumptions made.( AU- NOV/DEC2009)

UNIT-II DC MACHINES
PART-A (1 MARK)
71.For simplex wave and lap windings, the back pitch y
b
and front pitch y
f
are as
follows:
(A) yb is odd, yf is even
(B) yb is even, yfis odd
(C) bothyb and yf are odd
(D) bothyb and yf are even.
72.All of the following are ferromagnetic materials EXCEPT
(A) Nickel
(S) Bismuth
(C) Silicon
(D) Mild steel.
73. Diamagnetic: Copper:: Ferromagnetic:
(A) Iron
(B) Lead
(C) Air
(D) Water.
74. Diamagnetic: Ferromagnetic:
(A) Copper: Silver
(B) Air: Water
(C) Iron: Steel
(D) Lead: Cobalt.
75. Which of the following gives materials in order of increasing values of
permeability?
(A) Water, Iron. Copper, Silver
(B) Water, Air, Pure iron. Permalloy
(C) Cobalt, Aluminium, Copper, Silver
(D) Silicon iron. Palladium, Lead,
Silver.
76.By adding silicon to ferromagnetic, materials
(A) Electrical resistivity increases and
also magnetic permeability increases
(B) Electrical resistivity decreases and
also magnetic permeability increases
(C) Electrical resistivity decreases and
magnetic permeability increases
(D) Electrical resistivity increases and
magnetic permeability decreases.
77.Which of the following can be worked with higher flux densities?
(A) Mild steel
(B) Silicon iron
(C) Cold rolled silicon steel
(D) Hot rolled silicon steel.
78.Hysteresis loss varies with frequency (f) as
(A) f (B) f
1.6
(C) f
2

Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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(D) f
2.6

79.Hysteresis loss varies with maximum flux density (B) as
(A) B
(B) B
1.6

(C) B
2

(D) B
2.6
.
80.In large bulky materials, the uni-axial anisotropy can be induced by
(A) Cold rolling
(B) Magnetic annealing
(C) Magnetic quenching
(D) Any of the above.
81.Magnetostriction
(A) Grain oriented magnetic properties
(B) Represents the upper limit to which
magnetic properties can be induced
(C) Change in dimensions resulting from
magnetisation of ferromagnetic materials
(D) None of the above.
82.An ideal insulating material should have low
(A) Insulation resistance
(B) Dielectric strength
(C) Dielectric loss angle
(D) Mechanic strength.
83.The class of insulation used for large rating HV alternators
(A) Y
(B) A
(C) B
(D) C.
84.Asbestos has
(A) Fibrous structure
(B) Crystalline structure
(C) Grain oriented crystalline structure
(D) None of the above.
85.Asbestos can bear a temperature up to __________ without loosing its insulating
properties
(A) 100C
(B) 200C
(C) 300C
(D) 400C.
86.Fiber glass insulation can be used up to temperature of
(A) 60C
(B) 80C
(C) 130C
(D) 180C
87.Raw form of natural rubber is known as
(A) malamine
(B) Milk of lime
(C) Epoxy
(d) Latex.
88.Which of the following is the characteristic of ceramic insulators?
(A) These are hard, strong and dense
(B) These are stable at high temperatures
(C) These are unaffected by commercial
acids and alkalies
(D) All of the above.
89.The number of commutator segments in a dc machine is equal to the no. of
(A) coil-sides
(B) Turns
(C) Coils
(D) Slots.
90.Dielectric strength of PVC is around
(A) 5 kV/mm
(B) 10 kV/mm
(C) 15 kV/mm
(D) 30 kV/mm.

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
C B A D B C C A B D C C D A D C D D C D

PART-B (2 MARKS)
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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91. What is the range of specific magnetic loading in D.C. machine? (AU-
APR/MAY07)
The usual range of specific magnetic loading in D.C. machine is 0.4 to 0.8
Wb/m2.
92. What is the range of specific electric loading in D.C. machine?
The usual range of specific electric loading in D.C. machine is 15000 to 50,000
amp.cond./m.
93. What are the factors to be considered for the selection of number of poles in
D.C.machine?
The factors to be considered for the selection of number of poles in D.C.
Machines are frequency of flux reversals, current / brush arm and armature mmf per
pole.

94.What are the parameters that are affected by the number of poles?
The parameters that are affected by the number of poles are weight of iron and
copper, length of commutator and dimension of brushes are the parameters affected by
number of poles.
95.Why square pole is preferred?
Square pole is preferred because the length of the mean turn of field winding is
minimum. Hence to reduce the copper requirement a square cross-section is preferred
for the poles of D.C. machine.
96.What is square pole and square pole face?
In square pole, the width of the pole body is made equal to the length of the
armature. In square pole face, the pole arc is made equal to the length of the armature.
97.Define winding pitch. (AU-APRIL/MAY2012)
The winding pitch is defined as the distance between the starts of two
consecutive coils measured in terms of coil sides.
98. What is back pitch? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The distance between top and bottom coil sides of a coil measured around the
back of the armature is called the back pitch. The back pitch is measured in terms of coil
sides.
99.What is front pitch?
The front pitch is the distance between two coil side connected to the same
commutator segment. It is measured in terms of coil sides.
100.Definecommutator pitch. (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The commutator pitch is defined as the distance between the two commutator
segments to which the two ends (start and finish) of a coil are connected. It is measured
in terms of commutator segment.
101.What is equalizer connection?
The equalizer connections are low resistance copper conductors employed in lap
winding to equalize the induced emf in parallel paths. The difference in induced emf in
parallel paths is due to slight unsymmetrical in flux per pole in dc machines.
102.What is the need for brushes in D.C. machine?
The brushes are used in D.C. machines to collect or draw current from the
rotating armature.
103.What are the effects of armature reaction? AU- (MAY/JUNE 2008)
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The various effects of armature reaction are reduction in induced emf, increase in
iron losses, delayed communication, sparking and ring firing.
104.How the polarities of interpole are decided?
The polarities of the interpole must be that of the main pole just ahead (in the
direction of rotation) for a generator and just behind (in the direction of rotation) for a
motor.
105.What are standard periods for short time rating of a machine?
The standard periods for short time ratings are 10, 30, 60 and 90mts.
106.State different losses in a D.C. generator. (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The different losses in a D.C. generator are
Copper losses
Armature copper loss
Field copper loss
Magnetic losses (iron or core losses)
Hystersis loss (ii) Eddy current loss (iii) Mechanical loss
107.State the relationship between number of armature coils and number of
commutator segments in a D.C. machine.
The relationship between number of armature coils and number of
commutator segments in a D.C. machine is c = D c
C Where c = Commutator segment pitch
C = Number of coils
Dc = Diameter of commutator
108.Write the expressions for output coefficients of D.C machine. (AU-APRIL/MAY
2013)
The expressions for output coefficients of D.C machine is
Co =
2
Bav ac x10
-3
kW/m3 rps
109.State any two guiding factors for the choice of number of poles.(AU-
APRIL/MAY 2013)
(I) The frequency of flux reversal in the armature core generally lies between
25 to 50 Hz. Lower values of frequency are used for large machines.
(II) The value of current per parallel path is limited to about 200A. Thus the
current per brush arm should not be morethan 400A.

PART-C (16 MARKS)
110. Calculate suitable dimension of armature core to give a square pole face for a
50kW,4pole,600rpm DC shunt generator with full load terminal voltage of 220v.The
maximum gap density is .83wb/sqm and armature ampere conductor/metre are
30000.assume full load armature voltage drop as 3% of the rated terminal voltage
and that the field current as 1% of rated full load current .The ratio of pole arc to
pole pitch is 0.67 (AU- NOV/DEC2009, MAY/JUNE2009)
111.Determine the main dimension of a 200kw,250v,6pole,1000rpm generator.the
maximum value of flux density in the airgap is 0.87wb/m2 and the ac=31000.the ratio
of pole arc to pole pitch is o.67 and the =91%.assume the ratio of length of core to
pole pitch=0.75 (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
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112.Discuss various methods to reduce the effects of armature reaction (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
113.A 4pole 50HP DC shunt motor operates with rated voltage of 480 volt at the
ratrd speed of 600 rpm it has wave wound armature with 770conductors .the leakage
factor of pole is 1.2.the pole are of circular cross section.the flux density in the pole is
1.5wb/m
2
compute diameter of each pole (AU- MAY/JUNE2009)
114.Derive the output equation of dc machine (AU- APRIL/MAY2010,
NOV/DEC2009,2007,APRIL/MAY2012)
115.Calculate the diameter and the length of armature for a
7.5kw,p=4,N=1000rpm,v=220v shunt motor,given:full load =0.83 maximum gap
flux density=0.9wb/m2 ,ac=30000amp.cond/m,field form factor= 0.7.assume that the
maximum efficiency occurs at full load and the field current is 2.5% of rated current
the pole face is square. (AU- APRIL/ MAY2010)(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
116.Explain the choice of specific electric loading, specific magnetic loading on DC
machine( APR/ MAY2010, NOV/DEC2009,2007)
117.Write short notes on design of field poles and field coils in dc machine. (AU-
APR/ MAY2010)
118.Determine the main dimension of a 5kw,250v,4pole,1500rpm generator.the
maximum value of flux density in the airgap is 0.42wb/m2 and the ac=15000.the ratio
of pole arc to pole pitch is o.66and the =87%. (AU-
NOV/DEC2007,APRIL/MAY2012)
119.Explain the various steps involved in the design of commutator and brushes of a
d.c. machine.(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)

UNIT-III TRANSFORMERS
PART-A (1MARK)
120.Gaseous insulating material
(A) Teflon
(B) Sulphur hexafluoride
(C) Stealite
(D) Phologopite mica.
121.Silver finds application generally as
(A) Contact material
(B) Fusing material
(C) Low temperature insulating material
(D) None of the above.
122.When I is the current in amperes, the temperature rise at which fuse wire will
melt is proportional to
(A) I (B) I
2
(C) 1/ I (D) 1/ I
2

123.The fusing current depends on
(A) diameter of fuse wire
(B) Number of strands of wire
(C) Length of the fuse wire
(D) all of the above.
124.Class H insulation is normally used in
(A) Traction motors
(B) Submersible pump motors
(C) Single phase motors
(D) Dc motors.
125.An ideal liquid insulating material should have low
(A) Heat conductivity
(B) Dielectric strength
(C) Mechanical strength
(D) Volatility.
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
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126.The electric breakdown strength of an instating material depends on
(A) Composition of the material
(B) Thickness of the material
(C) Time of application of voltage
(D) all of the above.
127. When V is the voltage applied across the insulation, the dielectric loss for an
insulating material will be proportional to
(A) V
(B) V
2

(C) 1/ V
(D) 1/ V
2

128.When is the dielectric loss angle, the value of tan increases with
(A) Decrease in temperature
(B) Presence of moisture
(C) Voltage
(D) all of the above.
129.Which has lowest dielectric strength?
(A) Cotton
(B) Empire cloth
(C) Porcelain
(D) Mica.
130.Silicon steel E
330
indicates that
(A) It has 33% silicon
(B) It has normal specific loss at 50 Hz
(C) It is cold rolled grain oriented
(D) all of the above.
131.Which of the following silicon steel will have least specific lose?
(A) E11
(B) E42
(C) E31
(D) E41
132. The diameter of a 10 SWG wire will be closer to
(A) 0.1 mm
(B) 1mm
(C) 3 mm
(D) 13 mm.
133. In silicon steel designation like E
320
the first figure 3 indicates
(A) The percentage of silicon
(B) The specific loss at 50 Hz
(C) The specific lose at 100 Hz
(D) The grain oriented cold rolled
variety.
134.In silicon steel designation like E
320
, the second figure 2 represent
(A) Specific loss
(B) Direction of grain orientation
(C) Magnetic variety
(D) Non-magnetic variety.
135.In high nickel alloys the percentage of nickel is
(A) 5 to 10 percent
(B) 10 to 20 percent
(C) 30 to 50 percent
(D) 70 to 80 percent.
136.Pumps, blowers and fans are usually called for
(A) Continuous duty
(B) Short time duty
(C) Intermittent periodic duty
(D) Intermittent periodic duty with
starting and braking.
137.Which of the following is normally called for continuous duty with starting and
braking?
(A) Machine tools
(B) Compressors
(C) Sirens
(D) Escalators.
138.In lap windings, the equalizer rings arc used to save
(A) armature winding from carrying
circulating currents
(B) commutator from carrying
circulating currents
(C) Brushes from carrying circulating
currents
(D) Armature core from eddy currents.
139.Which of the following calls for intermittent duty with starting and braking?
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
13

(A) Pumps
(B) Conveyors
(C) Wind lasses
(D) Cranes.
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
B A B D A D D B B A C A C A A D A A C D
PART-B (2MARKS)
140.What are the different losses in a transformer? (AU- APRIL/MAY07)
The different losses in a transformer are
1. Core or Iron loss
2. Copper loss.
141.State merits of 3 transformers over 1 transformers.
The merits of 3 transformers over 1 transformers.
(i) Less weight (ii) Less cost.
142. What is the range of efficiency of a transformer?
The range efficiency of a transformer will be in the range of 94% to 99%. Notes
on design of transformer core
143.What is transformer bank?
A transformer bank consists of three independent single phase transformers with
their primary and secondary windings connected either in star or in delta.
144.Define window space factor (AU-APRIL/MAY07,APRIL/MAY2012,
APRIL/MAY 2013)
The window space factor is defined as the ratio of copper area in window to total
area of window.
145.What are the factors to be considered for selecting the cooling method of a
transformer? (AU-APRIL/MAY2012)
The factors to be considered for selecting the cooling method of a transformer
(i)KVA rating of transformer,(ii) size, (iii)application and (iv) the site condition where it
has to be installed.
146.How the heat dissipates in a transformer?
The heat dissipation in a transformer occurs by
(i) Conduction,
(ii) Convection
(iii) Radiation.
147.Why cooling tubes are provided?
Cooling tubes are provided to increase heat dissipating area of the tank.
148.What are the various types of transformers?( AU- APRIL/MAY07)
The various types of transformers based on construction are
Core type Shell type.
149.Mention the main function of cooling medium used in transformers.( AU- MAY/JUNE
2008)
The main functions of cooling medium used in transformers are
Transfer the heat by convection from the heated surface to the tank surface. Create good level
of insulation between various conducting parts.
150.How much heat is dissipated by radiation and convection?
The heat dissipated by radiation and convection are i) 6 watt/m2/C by radiation.
(ii) 6.5 watt/m2/C by convection .
151.Why stepped core are generally used for transformer?
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
14

The stepped core are generally used for transformer because of the following reason
LV and HV coils are circular, for better utilization of space, for reducing the mean
length of LV
And HV turns and resulting in saving of copper material.
152.What are the important properties of transformer steel?
The important properties of transformer steel are (i) High permeability, (ii) high
resistivity, and (iii) low coercive force.
153.Why the area of yoke of a transformer is usually kept 15 20% more than that of
core? (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The area of yoke of a transformer usually kept 15 20% more than that of core so
that the flux density in the yoke is reduced, resulting into reduction in iron losses for
yoke.
154.What is the cause of noise in transformer? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The cause of noise in the transformer is mainly because of magnetostriction effect and
also loosening of stamping and mechanical forces produced during working.
155.What are the advantages of using higher flux density in the core? (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
The advantages of using higher flux density in the core are (i) reduction in the core and
yoke section for same output,(ii) reduction mean length of LV and HV turns, resulting in
saving of copper material,(iii) reduced overall size and weight of transformer.
156.List various disadvantages of using higher flux density in design of core.
The disadvantages of using higher flux density in design of core (i) Increased
magnetizing current and iron losses, saturation of magnetic material, lower efficiency, because
of higher no-load losses,(ii) higher temperature rise of transformer.
157.Why the cross-section of yoke is taken greater than core section?
The cross-section of yoke is taken greater than core section in order to reduce flux
density in the yoke, thereby reducing iron losses and no-load current in the yoke section.
158.What are the types of winding, commonly used for LV winding?
The types of winding, commonly used for LV winding are (i) Cylindrical winding with
rectangular conductors and (ii) helical winding.
159.What are the drawbacks of sandwich winding?( AU- APRIL/MAY2008)
The drawbacks of sandwich winding are (i) Requires more labour in its maintenance,(ii)
more difficult to insulate different coils from each other and from yoke.
160.Define Stacking factor
Stacking factor is defined as the ratio of net iron area to the gross iron area. It is denoted
by Ki.
161.Define iron space factor (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
Iron space factor is defined as the ratio of gross core area to the area of circumscribing
circle. It is denoted by Ki.
162.What is leg Spacing?
The leg spacing is the distance between the centers of two adjacent limbs. It is denoted
by D.
163.What are the cooling methods used for dry type transmformers?(AU-APRIL/MAY
2013)
Air natural cooling
Air blast cooling
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
15

PART-C (16MARKS)
164.Derive the output equation of a 1 phase transformer in terms of core and
window area.(AU- NOV/DEC 2009)
165.Calculate the core and window areas required for a 1000 kVA, 6600/400V, 50Hz, 1
phase core type T/F. Assume density=1.25Wb/m
2
and a current density of 2.5 A/mm
2

voltage per turn is 30. Window space factor is 0.32.( AU- NOV/DEC 2009)
166.The tank of a 1250 kVA natural oil cooled T/F has the dimensions, length, width and
height 1.55m*0.65m*1.85m respectively. The full load loss is 13.1 kW. Find the number of
tubes for this transformer. Assume W/m
2
_C due to raditation=6 and that due to
convection is 6.5.Improvement in convection due to provision of tubes is 40% maximum
temperature rise is 40C. Length of each tube is 1m.Dia of the tube is 50mm. Neglect the
top and bottom surfaces of the tank as regard to cooling. (AU- NOV/DEC
2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
167.Calculate the main dimensions of a core of 100KVA,2000/400 V,50Hz, 1 phase shell
type transformer. Voltage/turn=10 V.Peak flux density in the core is 1.1
wb/m
2.
Windowspace factor is 0.33. Ratio of core depth to width of central limb=2.5. Ratio
of window height to width=3.0 current density in the winding is 2A/mm
2
.Stacking
factor=0.9. (AU- MAY/JUNE2009)
168.A 250 KVA, 6600/400V,3phse core type T/F has a total loss of 4800 watts at full load.
The transformer tank is 1.25m in height and 1m*0.5m in plan. Design a suitable scheme
for tubes if the average temperature rise is to be limited to 35C.The diameter of tubes is
50mm and is spaced 75mm from each other. The average height of tubes is
1.05m.Specified heat dissipation due to radiation and convection is respectively 6 and 605
W/m
2
/C. Assume that convection is improved by 35 percent due to provision of tubes.
(AU- NOV/DEC 2009, NOV/DEC 2007, APR/MAY 2010)
169.Derive the output equation of transformer and hence discuss the rating of both
single phase and 3 phase transformer. (AU- APR/MAY 2010, NOV/DEC 2009)
170.Determine the dimensions of core and yoke for a 200 KVA, 50 Hz, single phase
core type transformer. A cruciform core is used with distance between adjacent
limbs to 1.6 times the width of core laminations. Assume voltage /turn 14V, Max.
Flux density=1.1wb/m
2
, window space factor=0.32, current density=3 A/mm
2
, and
stacking factor=0.9. The net iron area is 0.56 d
2
in a cruciform core .whered is the
diameter of circumscribing cirle. Also the width of largest stamping is 0.85 d(AU-
APR/MAY 2010, NOV/DEC 2007,APRIL/MAY2012)
171.Write short notes on design of cooling system for a transformer.(AU-
APRIL/MAY 2010)
172.Discuss about the design of width of window for optimum output in a transformer.
(AU- APRIL/MAY 2010)
173.Explain the design of transformer tank with cooling tubes in details.(AU-
NOV/DEC 2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
174.Describe the methods of cooling of transformers. (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
175.A single phase, 400V,50Hz transformers is built from stampings having a relative
permeability of 1000. The length of the flux path is 2.5m,the area of the cross section of the
core is 2.5 x 10
-3
m
2
and the primary winding has 800 turns. Estimate the maximum flux
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
16

and no load current of the transformer. The iron loss at the working flux density is
2.6W/Kg. Iron weighs 7.8 x 10
3
Kg/m
3.
Stacking factor is 0.9 (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)

UNIT-IV INDUCTION MOTORS
PART-A (1 MARK)
176.The percentage of overload on a continuous rating machine is
(A) zero
(B) 5%
(C) 10%
(D) 50%.
177.Open circuit test on a transformer is conducted to obtain
(A) The leakage impedances
(B) The ohmic loss
(C) Hysteresis loss only
(D) Core loss only
(E) Eddy current loss only.
178.Heat transfer capability of hydrogen is nearly __________ times that of air
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 7
(D) 17.
179.The density of hydrogen is __________ that of air
(A) 14
(B) 1/4
(C) 1/7
(D) 1/14
180.Turbo-alternators of rating __________ and above are normally hydrogen
cooled.
(A) 10 MW
(B) 20 MW
(C) 25 MW
(D) 50 MW.
181. Iron losses of a machine are
(A) Directly proportional to flux density
(B) Directly proportional to the square of
flux density
(C) Inversely proportional to flux
density
(D) Inversely proportional to the square
of flux density.
182.While considering hysteresis loss in a transformer, under which of the following
the loss will not increase?
(A) When flux density is increased by
10%
(B) When thickness of lamination is
caused by 10%
(C) When frequency is increased by 10%
(D) When both thickness and frequency
are increased by 10%.
183.The shaft of electric motors is generally made of
(A) Mild steel
(B) Cast iron
(C) Copper
(D) Aluminum alloy.
184.The critical speed of the shaft for an electric motor should be
(A) Away from the operating speed
(B) Exactly the same as operating speed
(C) Half the operating speed
(D) Double of the operating speed.
185.The shaft of electric motors is generally supported in
(A) Magnetic bearings
(B) Bush bearings
(C) Ball or roller bearings
(D) cast iron bearings.
186.Ball and roller bearings are generally lubricated by
(A) Graphite
(B) Grease
(C) water
(D) Air.
187.In case of ball bearings, the ball are made of
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
17

(A) Cast iron
(B) Mild steel
(C) Carbon chrome steel
(D) None of the above.
188.A ball bearing is secured to the shaft by means of
(A) Key
(B) Slot
(C) Pin
(D) Sleeve.
189.In case of 110 MW generators, the shaft is supported on
(A) Ball bearings
(B) Roller bearing
(C) Needle bearings
(D) Bush bearings.
190.Which of the following is classed as anti friction bearing?
(A) Ball bearing
(B) Roller bearing
(C) Needle bearing
(D) All of the above.
191.The force exerted by a lifting magnet varies with distance (D) as
(A) D
(B) D
2

(C) 1/D
(D) 1/D
2

192.The force-stroke curve for a lifting magnet will be of the shape shown in



(A) figure A
(B) Figure B
(C) Figure C
(D) Figure D.

193.When B is the flux density; A is the area of the working gap and is the
permeability, the force exerted by the attractive type magnets is given by
(A) A / 2B
(B B / A
2

(C) A
2
B
1
/ 2
(D) B A
2
/ 2
194.Transformer-core laminations are made of
(A) Cast iron
(B) Wrought iron
(C) Silicon steel
(D) Cast steel.
176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194
B A B D A D D B B A C A D A A D A A C
PART-B (2 MARKS)
195.What are the main dimensions of induction motor? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The main dimensions of induction motor are stator core internal
diameter and stator core length.
196.Why wound rotor construction is adopted? (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The wound rotor has the facility of increasing the rotor resistance
through slip rings. Higher values of rotor resistance are needed during starting to
get a high value of starting torque.
197.What is rotating transformer? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The principle of operation of induction motor is similar to that a
transformer. The stator winding is equivalent to primary of a transformer and the
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
18

rotor winding is equivalent to short circuited secondary of a transformer. In transformer
the secondary is fixed but in induction motor it is allowed to rotate.
198.What type of starter cannot be used for squirrel-cage motors?
The starter which cannot be used for squirrel cage motor is rotor
resistance starter.
199.What are the materials used for slip-rings and brushes in induction motor?
The slip-rings are made of brass on phosphor bronze. The brushes are
made of metal graphite which is an alloy of copper and carbon.
200.What are the factors to be considered for the choice of specific magnetic
loading? (AU- APR/MAY2007)
The choice of specific magnetic loading depends on power factor,
iron loss and over load capacity.
201.What are the factors to be considered for the choice of specific electric loading?(
AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The choice of specific electric loading depends on copper loss, temperature
rise, voltage rating and over load capacity.
202.How the induction motor can be designed for best power factor?
The induction motor can be designed for best power factor by choosing Pole pitch,
203.What are the different types of stator windings in induction motor?( AU-
APRIL/MAY07)
The different types of stator windings are mush winding, (ii) lap winding
and (iii) wave winding.
204.What is full pitch and short pitch or chorded?
is called full
pitched winding. When the coil span is less than
called short pitched or chorded.
205.Why short chorded windings are employed in induction motor? (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
For short chorded windings the length of mean turn will be lesser than the full
pitch coils. Hence it results in reduction of copper. Also the short chorded winding
eliminates certain harmonic magnetic fields.
206.What type of slots is preferred in induction motor?
Semi enclosed slots are preferred for induction motor. It results in less air gap
contraction factor giving a small value of magnetizing currents, low tooth pulsation
loss and much quieter operation (less noise).
207.What is slot space factor? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The slot space factor is the ratio of conductor (or copper) area per slot and
slot area. It gives an indication of the space occupied by the conductors and the space
available for insulation. The slot space factor for induction motor varies for 0.25
to0.4.
208.Write the expression for length of mean turn of stator winding.
The expression for length of mean turn of stator, Lmts = 2L +
209.Which part of induction motor has maximum flux density? What is the
maximum value of flux density in that part?
The teeth of the stator and rotor core will have maximum flux density.
The maximum value of flux density in the teeth is 1.7 Sb/m2.
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
19

210.What are the factors to be considered for estimating the length of air-gap in
induction motor? (AU- NOV/DEC2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
The following factors are to be considered for estimating the length of air-gap.
1. Power factor 2. Overload capacity 3. Pulsation loss
4. Unbalanced magnetic pull 5. Cooling 6. Noise
211.List the undesirable effects produced by certain combination of rotor and stator
slots.
The following problems may develop in induction motor with certain combination
of rotor and stator slots.
The motor may refuse to start, (cogging)
The motor may run at sub synchronous speed (crawling)
Severe vibration may develop and the noise will be excessive.
212.What is crawling and cogging?
Crawling is a phenomena in which the induction motor runs at a speed lesser
than sub synchronous speed. Cogging is a phenomena in which the induction motor
refuses to start.
213.Explain the phenomena of cogging.(AU- NOV/DEC2009,APRIL/MAY2012
When the number of stator and rotor slots are equal, the speeds of all the
harmonics produced by stator slotting coincide with the speed of corresponding,
rotor harmonics. This harmonics of every order would try to exert synchronous
torques at their corresponding synchronous speeds and the machine would refuse
to start this is known as cogging.
214.What are the methods adopted to reduce harmonic torques?
The methods used for reduction or elimination of harmonic torques are chording,
integral slot winding, skewing and increasing the length of air-gap.
215.What are the different types of windings used for rotor of induction motor?
(AU- APRIL/MAY07)
The different types of windings employed in induction motor rotor are mush
winding the double layer bar type winding.
216.Write down the equation for output co-efficient in an induction motor.(AU-
APRIL/MAY 2013)
Output co-efficient Co=1.1 KwBavac x 10
-3
217.What is meant by an Ideal short circuit current?(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
Ideal short circuit current is defined as the current drawn by the motor at standstill
if its resistance is neglected.

PART-C (16 MARKS)
218.Derive output equation of a three phase induction motor. (AU- NOV/DEC
2007,2009)
219.State and explain factors governing the choice of ampere conductors per
meter in the design of a 3 phase IM. (AU- NOV/DEC 2007)
220.Compute the main dimension of a 15 KW, 3 phase, 400 V, 50Hz, 2810 rpm
squirrel cage IM having efficiency of 88% and full load power factor of 0.9. Assume
specific magnetic loading equal to 0.5 wb/m
2
and specific electric loading equal
to 25000 A/mThe rotor peripheral speed maybeapproximately 20m/sec
atsynchronous speed.(AU- NOV/DEC 2007,APR/MAY 2010,MAY/JUNE2009)
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
20

221.Explain the following of 3 phase IM (AU- NOV/DEC 2009)
(a) Output equation
(b) Choice of average flux density in air gap
(c) Choice of ampere conductor/meter.
222.Explain the rotor design of squirrel cage IM. (AU- NOV/DEC 2009)
223.A 90 kw, 500v, 50Hz, 3 phase ,P=8 IM has a star connected stator
winding accommodated in 63 slots with 6 conductor per slot. If the slip ring
voltage on open circuit is to be about 400 v, find a suitable rotor winding. Given
efficiency=0.9, power factor=0.86(AU-NOV/DEC 2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
224.Derive the O/P equation of 3 phase IM and discuss the choice of specific
electric loading. (AU- APRIL/MAY 2010,APRIL/MAY2012)
225.Write short notes on design of wound rotor.( AU- APRIL/MAY 2010)
226.Explain various losses in a 3 phase IM and its efficiency. (AU- APRIL/MAY
2010)
227.A 11kw ,3 phase ,P=6,50Hz, 220V, star connected induction motor has 54 ststor
slots, each containing 9 conductor. Calculate the value of bar and end ring currents.
The numbers of rotor bars is 64. The machine has an efficiency of 86% and a
power factorof 0.85. the rotor MMF may be assumed to be 85 % of stator
MMf. Also find the bar and the end ring sections if the current density is
5A/mm
2
(AU- MAY/JUNE2009,AU-APRIL/MAY2012)
228.Determine the main dimensions of a 3.7kw,400v, 3 phase, P=4,50Hz, squirrel
cage IM. Assume :Average flux density inthe air gap=0.45wb/m
2
,ac=23000,=0.85
and power factor=0.84. takeL/=1.5(AU- NOV/DEC 2009)
229.Estimate the stator core dimensions, number of stator slots and number of
stator conductor per slots for a 100kw, 3300v, P=12, 50Hz, star connected slip
ring IM. Assume :Average flux density in the air gap=0.4wb/m
2
,ac=25000,=0.9
and power factor=0.9. Winding factor=0.96. chose main dimension to give best
power factor. The slot loading should not exceed 400 ,Amp.conductors.( AU-
NOV/DEC 2010,AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
230.Describe the effect of dispersion co-efficient due to the following factors in an
induction motor: (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
Over load capacity
Airgap length
Number of poles
Frequency

UNIT V SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
PART-A (1 MARK)
231.Skewing of rotor slots helps in
(A) Improving beat transfer
(B) Reducing noise
(C) Suppressing undesirable harmonics
(D) all of the above.
232.The harmonics in rotating machines are generated due to
(A) Non-sinusoidal field form
(B) Slotting of the stator core
(C) Both (A) and (B) above
(D) None of the above.
233.The effect of harmonics in rotating machines can be minimized by
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
21

(A) Use of longer air gap
(B) Skewing the poles
(C) Use of distributed winding
(D) all of the above.
234.Which of the following measure will not help in reducing the effect of
harmonics?
(A) Connecting 3 phase winding in star
or delta without neutral
(B) Use of short pitch coils or fractional
slot windings
(C) Chamfering the pole shoes of salient
pole machines
(D) Reducing the number of slots per
pole per phase.
235.In dc machines the number of poles is generally decided by
(A) Frequency of flux reversals
(B) Weight of iron parts
(C) Weight of copper
(D) all of the above.
236.In dc machines by increasing the number of poles, all of the following reduce
except:
(A) Weight of copper
(B) Weight of iron parts
(C) Frequency of flux reversals
(D) Overall size of the machine.
237.Transformer action requires a
(A) Constant magnetic flux
(B) Increasing magnetic flux
(C) Alternating magnetic flux
(D) Alternating electric flux.
238.Which component of the no load current of the transformer is opposite in phase
to the induced emf? s
(A) Magnetizing component
(B) Core loss component
(C) Both (A) and (B) above
(D) None of the above.
239.In transformers, the cylindrical winding with rectangular conductors is
generally used for
(A) Low voltage winding
(B) High voltage winding
(C) Tertiary voltage winding
(D) Any of the above.
240.Cylindrical winding on transformers is generally not used beyond
(A) 6 kV
(B) 30 kV
(C) 66 kV
(D) 132 kV.
241.The disadvantage of cylindrical winding is
(A) Increased eddy current loss
(B) High copper loss
(C) Low mechanical strength
(D) all of the above.
242.For transformer laminations
(A) Hot rolled silicon steel is preferred
(B) Cold rolled silicon steel is preferred
(C) grain oriented silicon steel is
preferred
(D) Any of the above steel can be used.
243.The percentage of silicon in the core steel is
(A) 1 to 2 percent
(B) 2 to 3 percent
(C) 4 to 6 percent
(D) 8 to 10 percent.
244.The stacking factor will be least for
(A) Square core
(B) Cruciform core
(C) Three stepped core
(D) Four stepped core.
245.In static transformers mechanical forces are produced due to
(A) Vibrations
(B) Gap between
laminations
(C) Interaction of
current flowing in the
conductor and leakage
flux around it.
(D) None of the above.
Dr. NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
22

246.The thickness of laminations of the core of a power transformer usually
(A) 0.003 to 0.05 mm
(B) 0.03 to 0.05 mm
(C) 0.03 to 0.5 mm
(D) 3 to 5 mm.
247.Transformer action requires a
(A) Short circuiting
(B) Increasing resistivity
(C) Reducing resistivity
(D) all of the above.
248.In an oil filled transformer, oil is provided for
(A) Cooling
(B) Insulation
(C) Lubricating
(D) Both cooling and insulation
(E) Preventing accumulation of dust.
249.The dimensions of a dc machine primarily depend on
(A) KW output
(B) Work done per revolution
(C) Exposed surface
(D) None of the above.

The various losses of a 60 HD, 220 V 850 rpm dc motor are as follows: - Copper losses
3.2 kW, core losses 0.8 kW, mechanical losses 0.1 kW. Now let us consider another dc
machine otherwise similar to this machine but having its linear dimensions 1.5 times.
250.The copper losses of new machine will be
(A) 1.5 x 3.2 kW
(B) (1.5)
2
x 3.2 kW
(C)(1.5)
3
x3.2Kw
(D) 1/(1.5)
2
x3.2 Kw
251.The iron losses of new machine
will be
(A) (1.5) x 0.8 kW
(B) (1.5)
2
x 0.8 kW
(C) (1.5)
4
x 0.8 kW
(D)(1.5)
5
x0.8kw
231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251
C C D D D C B B A A C D C A C C C D B C c
Dr.NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
23

252.What are the two types of poles used in salient pole machines?
The two types of poles used in salient pole machines are Round poles and
Rectangular poles.
253.List the factors to be considered for the choice of number of slots.
The factors to be considered for the choice of number of slots are
1. Balanced winding 2. Cost 3. Host spot temperature in winging 4. Leakage
reactance 5. Tooth losses 6. Tooth flux density.
254.What is the limiting factor for the diameter of synchronous
machine?
The limiting factor for the diameter of synchronous machine is the peripherals peed. The
limiting value of peripheral speed is 175 m/sec for cylindrical rotor machines and
80m/sec for salient pole machines.
255.Write the expression for air-gap length in cylindrical rotor machine.
The expression for air-gap length in cylindrical rotor machine is
Length of air- -6KgBav
256.What is skewing?( AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
Skewing is twisting either the stator or rotor core. The motor noise, vibrations, cogging
and synchronous cusps can be reduced or even entirely eliminated byskewing. In order
to eliminate the effect of any harmonic, the rotor bars should beskewed through an
angle so that the bars lie under alternate harmonic poles of the same polarity or in other
words the bars much be skewed through two pitches.

257.What are the advantages and disadvantages of large air-gap length in
inductionmotor?( AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The advantages and disadvantages of large air-gap length in induction Motor are
Advantage:
A large air-gap length results in higher overload capacity, better cooling
reduction in noise and reduction in unbalanced magnetic pull.
Disadvantage:
The disadvantage of large air-gap length is that it result in high value of
magnetizing current.
258.What are the different types of induction motor? How they differ from each other?
The two different types of induction motor are squirrel cage and slip ring type
The stator is identical for both types but they differ in the construction of rotor.The
squirrel cage rotor has copper or aluminum bars mounted on rotor slots and short
circuited at both ends by end rings.The slip ring rotor carries a three phase winding.
One end of each phase is connected to a slip ring and other ends are star connected.
259.How the slip ring motor is started?
The slip ring motor is started by using rotor resistance starter. The starter consists of
star connected variable resistances and protection circuits. The resistances are connected to
slip-rings. While starting the full resistance is included in the rotor circuit to get high
starting torque. Once the rotor starts rotating, the resistances are gradually reduced in
steps. At running condition the slip-rings are shorted and so it is equivalent to squirrel
cage rotor.
260.What are the ranges of specific magnetic loading and electric loading induction
motor? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
Dr.NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
24

The ranges of specific magnetic loading and electric loading in
Induction motor are Specific magnetic loading = 0.3 to 0.6 Wb/m2
Specific electric loading = 5000 to 4500 amp. Cond/m.

261.What is integral slot winding and fractional slot winding? (NOV/DEC2009)
In integral slot winding the total number of slots is chosen such that the slots
perpole is an integer. The integer should also be a multiple of number of phases. In
fractional slot winding the total number of slots is chosen such that the slots perpole is
not an integer.
262.What type of connection is preferred for stator of induction motor?
Under running condition the stator of induction motor is normally connected in
delta. (In delta connection the torque developed will be higher than the star connection).
But for reducing the starting current, the stator can be connected in star while starting
and then changed to delta.

263.Whatis Short Circuit Ratio (SCR)?( AU- MAY/JUNE 2008,
APRIL/MAY2012,APRIL/MAY 2013)
The Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) is defined as the ratio of field current
required to produce rated voltage on open circuit to field current required to circulate
rated current at short circuit. It is also given by the reciprocal of synchronous reactance,
Xd in p.u (per unit).For turbo alternators SCR is normally between 0.5 to 0.7.
for salient pole alternator SCR varies from 1.0 to 1.5.

264.What is magnetization curve? (AU- APRIL/MAY2007)
The magnetization curve is a graph showing the relation between the magnetic
field intensity, H and the flux density, B of a magnetic material. It is used to estimate
the mmf required for flux path in the magnetic material and it is supplied by the
manufacturer of stampings or laminations.

265.What is leakage flux? (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The leakage flux is the flux passing through unwanted path. The leakage
flux will not help either for transfer or conversion of energy.
266.What is leakage coefficient?
The leakage coefficient is defined as the ratio of total flux to useful flux.
Leakage coefficient, Cl= Total flux Useful flux

267.What are the differences between leakage flux and fringing flux?
The leakage flux is not useful for energy transfer or conversion. But the
fringing flux is useful flux. The leakage flux flows in the unwanted path. But the
fringing flux flows in the magnetic path. The effect of leakage flux on machine
performance is accounted by leakage reactance. The fringing flux increases the slot
reactance.

268.How the tertiary winding is connected? Why? (AU- NOV/DEC2009)
The tertiary winding is normally connected in delta. When the tertiary is
connected in delta, the unbalance in phase voltage during unsymmetrical faults in
Dr.NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
25

primary or secondary is compensated by the circulating currents flowing in the closed
delta.
269.How the heat dissipation is improved by the provision of cooling tubes.
The cooling tubes will improve the circulation of oil. The circulation of oil is M, due to
more effective pressure heads produced by columns of oil in tubes. The .improvement in
cooling is accounted by taking the specific heat dissipation due to convection as 30% more
than that without tubes.
270.Why wound rotor construction is adopted?
The wound rotor has the facility of increasing the rotor resistance through slip rings.
Higher values of rotor resistance are needed during starting to get a high value of
starting torque.
271.What type of connection is preferred for stator of induction motor? (AU-
NOV/DEC2009)
Under running condition the stator of induction motor is normally connected in delta.
(In delta connection the torque developed will be higher than the star connection). But for
reducing the starting current, the stator can be connected in star while starting and
then changed to delta.
272.What are the factors that influence the choice of specific magnetic loading in a
synchronous machines? (AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
Iron loss
Voltage
Transient short circuit current
stabillity
PART-C (16 MARKS)
273.Discuss the factors affecting the choice of specific magnetic loading in an alternator.
(AU- NOV/DEC 2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
274.Calculate the peripheral speed of a 1000kva,16 pole, 3 ,375 rpm alternator. The
average air gap flux density is 0.55 wb/mm
2
and ampere conductor/ meter are 28000.
takeL/=2 (AU-NOV/DEC 2009)
275.Compute the main dimension of a 100 MVA, 11kV, 50Hz, 150 rpm ,3 water wheel
generator. The average gap flux density 0.65 T and ac=40000. The peripheral speed
should not exceed 65m/s at normal running speed.(AU-NOV/DEC 2009,APRIL/MAY2012)
276.Give the advantages of computer aided design of electrical apparatus.(AU- NOV/DEC
2009,MAY/JUNE2009)
277.Derive the output equation of synchronous machine and discuss the choice of specific
magnetic loading. (AU-APR/MAY 2010,MAY/JUNE2009,NOV/DEC2009)
278.Explain the constructional features of cylindrical pole and salient pole synchronous
machine. (AU- APR/MAY 2010,NOV/DEC2009)
279.Explain the effect of SCR on synchronous machine performance. (AU- APR/MAY
2010,NOV/DEC2009)
280.Determinethe main dimension for a 1000KVA, 50Hz,3 phase, 375 rpm alternator.
The average air gap flux density is 0.55 wb/mm
2
and ampere conductor/ meter are
28000. Use rectangular poles and assume a suitable value for ratio of core length to pole
pitch in order that bolted on pole construction is used for which the maximum
Dr.NNCE III/06 Sem QB-DEM
26

permissible peripheral speed is 50m/s. The run away speed is 1.8 times the
synchronous speed. (AUAPR/MAY2010,NOV/DEC2007,APRIL/MAY2012)
281.Determine the main dimension for a 75000KVA, 50Hz,13.8KV, 62.5 rpm ,
3phase star connected alternator. The peripherial speed of rotor should be about
40m/sec. Assume average gap density equal to 0.65 web/m
2
, ac=40,000 and
current density=4A/mm
2
.Assume K
w
=0.955(AU- MAY/JUNE2009)
282. Find the main dimension of a 2500KVA,187.5 rpm,50Hz, 3phase,3kv, salient pole
synchronous generator. The generator is to be a vertical, water wheel type. The
specific magnetic loading is 0.6 wb/m
2
and the specific electric loading is
34000 A/m.Use circular poles with ratio of core length to pole pitch=0.65.
Specify the type of pole construction a used if the runaway speed is about 2 times
the normal speed.( AU- NOV/DEC2009)
283.The field coils of a salient pole alternator are wound with a single layer winding of bare
copper strip 30mm deep, with separating insulation 0.15mm thick. Compute thickness
of the conductor, number of turns and height of the winding to develop an mmf of 12000
ampere turns with a potential difference of 5 volts per coil and loss of 1200 watts/m
2
of
coil surface area. Mean length of turn is 1.2 m. Resistivity of copper is 0.021/m/mm
2(
AU-
NOV/DEC2007)
284. Explain the step by step procedure for the design of field winding of synchronous
machine.(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)
285. Determine a suitable number of slots and conductor per slot, for the stator winding of
a three phase 3300V, 50Hz, 300 rpm alternator. The diameter is 2.3m and the axial length
of core is 0.35m. The maximum flux density in the airgap should be approx.. 0.9 Wb/m
2
.
Assume sinusoidal flux distribution. Use single layer winding and star connection for
stator.(AU-APRIL/MAY 2013)