;

20051101

10 1
2345
6789 10

Vlasov

III

P-

9
h / H N / N cr

Abstract
Based on thin-walled bar theory and finite element method, an energy functional
variation principle and a finite segment approach in structural analysis of the thin-walled
box girders are presented. The analysis theory and computation method for thin-walled box
girders in terms of bending, bending-torsion, compression-bending and shear lag effect are
established. The dissertation emphasizes particularly on theory and model test studies of
the shear lag in thin-walled box girders and consists of ten chapters. A summary on
theories and method for shear lag of thin-walled box girders is presented in chapter one.
From chapter two to chapter five the shear lag of straight box girder is studied. While the
shear lag of horizontal curved box girder is studied from chapter six to chapter nine. And in
chapter ten the shear lag of box girder subjected to simultaneous bending and axial forces
is studied. Lastly, in this dissertation the conclusion is made as well as prospects of
researches are presented. In this dissertation the main characteristic contribution is as
follows:
(1) A methodology for theory of elasticity under bending, bending-torsion,
compression- bending and shear lag effect in thin-walled box girder is systematically
established on the basis of the thin-walled bar theory and potential energy variation
functional principle, thus consummating thin-walled structural theories.
(2) The warping displacement functions with the shear lag effect for the thin-walled
box girder are constructed. Furthermore, displacement parameters and space displacement
fields of box girders are proposed. Then based on energy functional variation principle, the
governing differential equations considering shear lag for theory of elasticity in box girders
are established.
(3) The closed-form solutions of the governing differential equations are derived from
differential equation operation principle. Then, combining the boundary condition, the
calculation formulations of the shear lag are obtained. Moreover, an analytical theory for
shear lag effect upon the box girders, including the straight, the curve and compressionbending structures are established, thus enriching and developing theories of the shear lag.
(4) The homogeneous solutions derived from the shear lag governing differential
equations used as the displacement patterns of finite segment are put forward. The
displacement field functions are formed. Based on the finite element technology, the
stiffness matrix and load column matrixes of the segment element are derived by means of

VII

the displacement approach and energy functional variation principle. The semi-solution of
the finite segment method (one-dimension) is proposed. The computation methods of the
shear lag effect fitted for the complication structures such as box girder with varying
section, horizontal curved box girder and box girder under combined bending and axial
loading are established. The proposed approach can achieve higher calculation accuracy
with extremely few discretization nodal unknowns, and conveniently bring into the
program system for the conventional beam-bar elements as well as improve resolution
efficiency, thus laying a foundation for the study of the shear lag of thin walled box
girders.
(5) As to thin-walled straight box girder, three different shear lag warp displacement
functions considering the different displacements on top and bottom slabs as well as
cantilever flanges are proposed in order to reflect change range for the shear lag effect of
different flanges with different width. As for the established governing differential
equations with consideration of shear lag and shear deformation effects, if the width of top,
bottom slabs and that of cantilever flanges are equal, it is proved that the governing
differential equations will be degenerated into one shear lag warp displacement function.
The calculating formula obtained is completely the same with the precious theory.
Therefore, the proposed theory possesses generality.
(6) As to thin-walled curved box girders, the shear lag warp displacement functions in
fundamental deformation of the flanges complements the theory of thin-walled curved bar,
the energy functional variation principle considering shear lag in straight box girder is
popularized to the curved box girder. The governing differential equations with
consideration of bending, torsion and shear lag coupling are derived. It can be proved that
as the curvature central angle becomes zero (or the radius of curvature becomes infinitely
large), the differential equations of the straight box girder can be obtained. On the other
hand, if the shear lag effect is neglected, the Vlasovs theoretical solutions is obtained.
Therefore, this dissertation not only popularizes the theory of shear lag for straight girders
but also develops Vlasovs curved girder theory.
(7) To thin-walled straight box girder subjected to simultaneous bending and axial
forces, the longitudinal displacement differential and axial displacement functions of webs
are put up to reflect shear lag effect duo to axial force. According to the small deformation
theory, the governing differential equations for shear lag under only axial loading (axial
force action) as well as under combined bending axial load (beam-column action) are
established respectively by adopting the principle of minimum potential energy. It can be
proved from theory that as axial force equals to zero, the same results as the shear lag

IX

effect in general box girder under bending are obtained. The calculation formulas derived
for compression-bending box girder has not only taken shear lag effect of flanges and webs
but also taken beam-column action (P- effect) into consideration so as to reflect the
influences of axial force upon shear-lag under bending. The present methods have new
contents as compared with those of the previous theory, which studied only the shear lag of
box girder under bending load, therefore, making up to the previous limitation of the
simple linearity superimpose of compression-bending structures.
(8) The perspex models, a three-span continuous straight box girder bridge model
with varying depth, a two-span horizontal curved box girder model bridge and two simple
supported straight box girder model bridges are designed and made to meet the specific
requirements of this research work. Three kinds of experimental studies on the shear lag
effect on box girder model bridge are conducted to verify the accuracy and reliability of the
present theories and computation module.
(9) Based on theory research and model test, the dissertation has analyzed
systematically shear lag effect on box girder and brought to light the objective law
governing shear lag of box girder. The author is the first person to put forward
girder-height ratio ( h / H ) and axial compressive ratio ( N / N cr ) two important
parameters affecting shear lag effect on box girder. Combining the structure type and size
for box girder, the author has found that the factors such as width to span ratio,
girder-height ratio, the central angle of curvature, axial pressure ratio, supporting condition,
the section position, type of loading have a great effect on shear lag. Last but not least,
some important conclusions have been made for shear lag effect on box girder. Based on
those important parameters, calculation table for shear lag has been compiled for design
reference, which enjoys practical value.

Keywords: thin-walled box girder; shear lag; energy method; functional variation

principle; finite segment method; model test

1.1

[1~3]
1.1d
1.1e 1.1b
1.1f[4] 1.1g[5

6]

[7]

1.2a 1.2b
1.2c 1.2d

Q1 =

( P1 P2 )b
2a

1.1

Q2 =

P1 P2
4

1.2

1.1.1

1.3

1.3
[89]shear lag effect

[10]

1.3

1.1.2

[11]

1.1

1.1.3

[312]

1.4 max

1.4

be =

t ( x, y )dy
t max

1.2

be b t x
y
1.2

[1314][1516]

1.2

1
2

3
4
5

1.2.1
1.2.1.1

[17] 1924
Lee [18] T
Kristek[19]Song [2021]
T
Kristek [2223]

[24]
Tahan [2526]
[27]
Haji-Kazemi[28]

1.2.1.2

Reissner 1938 [29]

Hidbrand[30]

Abdel-Sayed[31] 1969

Malcolm [32]Adekola[3334]

Lopez-Anido [35]
Pavlovic [3637]
Coull [3839]

1.2.1.3

Goldbery [40] Defries-Skene [41]

Chu [42]
[43]Van-Dalen [44]
Yoshimurd [45]
Hasebe
[46] Kano[47]
[48]

Airy [49]
[50]
[51]
Kristek[52]
Fafitis[53]

1.2.2

Younger[54]

Hadiji-Argyris [55] Younger

1940 Kuhn

[56][57]
1970 Malcolm
Evans [5859]

[6061]
T [62]
[63]

[64]
Connor[65]
Gjelsik[66] T Evans[67]

1.2.3

Reisser[68]

Kuzmanovic [69] Reisser

[70] Kuzmanovic
[71]
[72]

[73~75]

[7677][78]
[79]
[78]
[80]
[81~82][83]
[84]

[85]
[86]
Fouthch[8]Sung[9] Shushkewich[10]
[87]Nakai[88] Chang[89]

[90][91]
[92]
Reisser
[9394]

[95]
Takayangi[96] Reisser
Sun[97][98]
Dezi[99]

[100]
[101]

[102][103] Singh[104]

[105~108]

1.2.4
1.2.4.1

20

Moffatt Dowling[109110]

Tenchev[111]
Lee[112113]

Lertsima[114][115]
[116] 14

[117][118]
[119][120]
[121]

[122]
[123]
[124]
[125]

[126]
Kwan[127]

1.2.4.2

[128]
[129]Cheung[130] Wang[131][132]
[133]
[134]
1.2.4.3

[135]
[136]
[137]
1.2.4.4

[138] Reisser
[139]
3 B
[140]
Wang[141142]
B3

1.2.4.5

Yang[143][144]

1991 [145]

[146147]
[148][149]

10

[150]

1.2.5

[70] 13 31

[71] 5
[135]
[23] 5

140 [151]

150 [152]
[153] 16

[154] 17 0

11

[155] 15
[156]
125
[157] 120
[158] 112

1.3

12

20 60 70

[159][160161]
[162][163]

T [164]
[165]
[166~168]

[169~172]
[173~175]

[176~178]

[179][180]

[181]
50378019
034066

13

1.4
1.4.1

10
1

5 4

b / L h / H

14

YJ-25
54

10

1.4.2

15

Vlasov

P-

h / H N / N cr

17

2.1
2.1.1
2.1

a)

b)

2.1

18

u ( x , y ) = h1 {[ w ( x ) ( x )] + (1

y3
)U 1 ( x )}
b13
y3
)U 2 ( x )}
b 23

u ( x , y ) = h 2 {[ w ( x ) ( x )] + (1

y
)U 3 ( x )}
b33

u ( x , y ) = h3 {[ w ( x ) ( x )] + (1
u ( x , z ) = [ w ( x ) ( x )] z

y = y (b2 + b3 ) ( x) =

sV z
GAw

( b1 y b1 )
( b2 y b2 )

(2.1)

( b3 y 0 )

( h 2 z h1 )

Aw

s V z ( x ) = w( x ) ( x ) w(x )
U i ( x )( i = 1 , 2 , 3 ) 2b1 ,2b2 , b3 t1 , t2 , t3

t4 , hi (i = 1,2,3)
u, v x, y

[182183]

z = y = xz = yz 0 x xy

2.1.2
[184]

V q = q ( x )w( x )dx
L

V M = [M ( x ) (x )]

V V = [V ( x )w( x )]

V = V q + V M + V V = qwdx + [M Vw]
L

(2.2)

U =

EI w
2

U =

1 L b1
2t1 E 12 + G 12 dxdy

0
0
2

L
0

2 dx +

GAw
2

L
0

2 dx

(2.3)

(2.4)

19

u (x, y )

1 =

1 =

u ( x, y )

(2.5)

y 3

1 = h1 ( x ) + 1 3 U 1 ( x )
b1

3h1 2

1 = 3 y U 1 (x )

b1

(2.6)

(2.6 ) (2.4 )

EI1
2

U =

L
0

2 3
9 2 9 G 1 2
U 1 dx
U 1 + U 1 +
2
14
5 E b12

(2.7 )

U =

(2.8)

1 L b2
2t 2 E 22 + G 22 dxdy

0
0
2

EI 2
2

U =

L
0

2 3
9 2 9 G 1 2
U 2 dx
U 2 + U 2 +
2
2
14
5
E
b
2

(2.9)

U =

1 L b3
2t 3 E 32 + G 32 dxdy

0
0
2

(2.10)

U =

EI 3
2

L
0

2 3
9 2 9 G 1 2
U 3 dx
U 3 + U 3 +
2
2
14
5
E
b
3

(2.11)

= U +V = U +U +U +U +V
=

L
0

EI

3
3
2 3
9
9G
iU i + iU i2 +
2 i =1
14 i =1
5E

b
i =1

2
i

GA w 2
U i2 +
qw dx
2

(2.12 )

[Vw M )] | 0L

E G I i = 2bi t i h (i = 1,2,3)
2
i

I w = 2t4 (h13 + h23 ) / 3 / cos I s = I i

i =1

20

I = I w + I s i = I i (i = 1,2,3) I
I

2.1.3

[185]

(2.13)

= U + V = 0
U V
(2.12 ) = 0
3
4

= [ EI EI iU i q]wdx
L

i =1

L 3

9
9
+ [ EI 1 EI 1U 1 + IG 21 U 1 ]U 1 dx
0 4
14
5
b1
L 3

9
9
+ [ EI 2 EI 2U 2 + IG 22 U 2 ]U 2 dx
0 4
14
5
b2
L 3

9
9
+ [ EI 3 EI 3U 3 + IG 23 U 3 ]U 3 d x
0 4
14
5
b3

+ [ EI

(2.14)

3
3
3
3
EI iU i + M ] | 0L [ EI EI iU i + V ]w | 0L
4 i =1
4 i =1

3
9
3
9
+ [ EI 1 + EI 1U 1 ]U 1 | 0L +[ EI 2 + EI 2U 2 ]U 2 | 0L
4
14
4
14
3
9
+ [ EI 3 + EI 3U 3 ]U 3 | 0L = 0
4
14

3 3
q
iU i
=0

4 i =1
EI

6
7

U i +
[

12G
Ui = 0
5Ebi2

2.15

(i = 1,2,3)

3 3
M
iU i + ] |0L = 0

4 i =1
EI

2.16

2.17

21

3 3
V
iU i + ]w |0L = 0

4 i =1
EI

2.18

(i = 1,2,3)

2.19

6
[ U i]U i |0L = 0
7

2.152.16
2.172.19

2.2

2.2.1
2.15

qx
3 3
iU i +
+ C7

EI
4 i =1

2.20

2.202.16

1
7
7

7
2
1

2
3
8 1
8
8
U 1

b1

7
7
7
14G
1 1 2 3 U 2 0

8
8
5E

7
7 U 3
7
1

0
2
3
8 1
8
8

0
1
b22
0

0
1
U 1
7 qx

0 U 2 = [ + C 7 ]1 2.21

6 EI
1
U 3

1
b32

U 1
U 1
1
U A U = 7 [ qx + C ]1
3 2
7
2
6n EI
U 3
U 3
1

2.22

1
2
b1
14G
A3 =
5En

1 8 ( 2 + 3 )
1 7
1
b12 8
1 7
1
b12 8

1 7
2
b22 8
1 7

1 ( 1 + 3 )
2
b2 8

1 7
2
b22 8
n = 1

7 3
i
8 i =1

1 7

3
b32 8

1 7

3
2
2.23
b3 8

1 7

1 ( 1 + 2 )
b32 8

22

[186]

2.22

U 1 = U 4 ,U 2 = U 5 ,U 3 = U 6
U 1
U
2
U 3 0

U 4 A3
U
5
U 6
0

A3

U 1
U
2
E3 U 3
=0
0 U 4
U
5
U 6

2.24

E3

6 + B4 + C2 + D = 0
m 7
m
m 7
, B = 2 1 ( 2 + 3 ) + 2 1 ( 1 + 3 ) + 2
b3
b2 8
b1 8
m2n
7
7
7
C = 2 2 2 [b32 (1 3 ) + b22 (1 2 ) + b12 (1 1 )]
8
8
8
b1 b2 b3

2.25

1 8 ( 1 + 2 )

m3n 2
14G
D= 2 2 2 ; m=
5En
b1 b2 b3
2.25 = 2
3

+ B + C + D = 0

2.26

2.26

1 = 3

q
q
p
q
q
p
1
+ ( ) 2 + ( )3 + 3 ( ) 2 + ( )3 B
2
2
3
2
2
3
3

2 = w 3

q
q
p
q
q
p
1
+ ( ) 2 + ( )3 + w 2 3 ( ) 2 + ( )3 B
2
2
3
2
2
3
3

3 = w 2 3

p = C

q
q
p
q
q
p
1
+ ( ) 2 + ( )3 + w 3 ( ) 2 + ( )3 B
2
2
3
2
2
3
3

B2
2 B 3 BC
1
1
, q=

+ D w = (1 + i 3 ), w 2 = (1 i 3 )
3
27
3
2
2

23

2.25 6

1 = 1 , 2 = 1 , 3 = 2 , 4 = 2 , 5 = 3 , 6 = 3
6

i = [ 1i , 2i , 3i , 4i , 5i , 6i ] T

(i = 1,2,3,4,5,6)

2.27

(i = 1,2,3)

2.28

2.22

Ui =

j =1, 3, 5

ij

(C j cosh j x + C j +1 sinh j x)

q 2.22

b12
5 E qx

Ut =
[ + C 7 ]b22
12G EI
b32

2.29

2.22
Ui = U i +U t =

j =1, 3, 5

5 E qx

[ + C 7 ]bi2
12G EI

ij

(C j cosh j x + C j +1 sinh j x)

2.30
(i = 1,2,3)

2.302.20

j =1, 3, 5

j j (C j cosh j x + C j +1 sinh j x)

5 E b qx
( + C7 )
16G EI

x2
qx 3
+ C7
+ C8 x + C 9 +
2
6 EI

w = + = +

sV z
GAw

2.31

5Eb qx 2
(
w = j (C j sinh j x + C j +1 cosh j x)
+ C7 x)
16G 2 EI
j =1, 3, 5

V
C7 3 C8 2
qx 4
+
x +
x + C9 x + C10 +
+ s z dx
6
2
24 EI
AwG

2.32

3i = 1(i = 1,3,5) C i (i = 1,2,...,10) b j j ij (i = 1,2; j = 1,3,5)

2.2.2

2.172.19

24

w = 0, =

M ( x)
7 M ( x)
, U i =
EIn
6 EIn

(i = 1,2,3)

2.33

w = 0, = 0, U i = 0 (i = 1,2,3)

2.34

7M
(i = 1,2,3)
6 EIn
M
=
EIn
V
3 3
iU i +
=0
4 i =1
EI

2.35

U i =

=0
U i = 0 (i = 1,2,3)

2.36

V
3 3
iU i +
=0

EI
4 i =1

2.302.32

xi = Ehi { ( x ) + 1

2.2.3

2.2.3.1

2.2

y 3
U (x )}
bi3 i

(i = 1,2,3)

2.37

25

2.2 q

q
( L x) x
2
q
V ( x) = ( L 2 x)
2
M ( x) =

2.38

w(0) = (0) = U i (0) = w( L) = ( L) = U i ( L) = 0

(i = 1,2,3)

2.39

2.39 2.30 2.32

C i (i = 1,2,...,10)

Ui =

J j ij 1 cosh j L
5q
L
(
cosh j x + sinh j x) ( x )bi2 (i = 1,2,3) 2.40

12 IG j =1,3,5 J j
sinh j L
2

J j j 1 cosh j L
3 b
5q
L
(
cosh j x + sinh j x)
( x )

12 IG j =1,3,5 J
sinh j L
4
2

q x 3 Lx 2 qL3
+
+

2 IE 3
2
12
w=

J j j 1 cosh j L
3 b 2
5q
(
sinh j x + cosh j x)
( x Lx )

12 IG j ==1,3,5 j J
sinh j L
8

j =1, 3, 5

J j j
q
qx x 3
L3
) +
( Lx 2 + ) + s ( Lx x 2 )
2
2GAw
j 12 IE 2

5q
1 cosh j L
Jj
y3

(
(
1
)
)(
sinh j x + cosh j x

ij
j j
3
12
sinh

IG
J
L
b
1
,
3
,
5
=
j

j
i

2.41

2.42

xi = Ehi

q
y

+(
(1 3 )bi2 ) +
Lx x 2
4
bi

2 EI
3 b

2.43

) (i = 1,2,3)

J J j ( j = 1,3,5) hi

2.2.3.2

2.3 P

26

2.3

M ( x) = Px

V ( x) = P

2.44

(0) = U i(0) = 0
(0)

(i = 1,2,3)

3 3
V (0)
iU i(0) +
=0

4 i =1
EI

w( L) = U i ( L) = ( L) = 0

(i = 1,2,3)

2.45

(i = 1,2,3)

Ui =

J j ij
5P
cosh j x bi2

12 IG j =1,3,5 J cosh j L

(i = 1,2,3)

J j j j
5P
3
P
cosh j x b +
( x 2 L2 )

12 IG j =1,3,5 J cosh j L
4 2 EI

w=
+

J j j
3
5P
(sinh j x sinh j L) b ( x L)

4
12 IG j =1,3,5 J cosh j L

P x
L x L sP

+
( x L)
EI 6
2
3 GAw
3

2.46

2.47

2.48

5P
J j j
sinh j x Px
y3
( ij (1 3 ) j j )

(i = 1,2,3) 2.49
cosh j L EI
bi
12 IG j =1,3,5 J

xi = Ehi

2.2.4

27

L =50m 2.4
E=3.1 10 4 MPa =0.17
1 2P=210 kN

2.4 6
2 q =2 kN/m

2.4

2.1

2.1

10-3MPa

-35.2741

-33.5070

5.27

-98.2631

-96.9460

1.36

-35.5597

-35.3340

0.64

-98.3671

-97.5930

0.79

-37.5691

-37.8805

0.82

-99.0953

-98.8750

0.22

-41.6771

-41.4560

0.53

-100.5951

-100.4100

0.18

-42.9861

-42.2655

1.70

-101.0718

-100.7200

0.35

-42.9861

-42.2655

1.70

-101.0718

-100.7200

0.35

-41.5777

-41.3265

0.61

-100.7636

-100.4100

0.35

-37.9941

-39.3205

3.37

-99.9795

-99.6300

0.35

-37.3705

-38.7220

3.49

-99.8430

-99.3680

0.48

10

-37.2813

-38.5260

3.23

-99.8235

-99.2680

0.56

11

76.1045

75.0870

1.36

197.8322

195.4100

1.24

12

76.8041

75.7755

1.36

197.9276

195.6900

1.14

13

81.7014

77.9325

4.84

198.5961

196.4200

1.11

14

84.6336

78.9605

7.18

198.9963

196.7700

1.13

28

2.3

2.3.1
(b1 = b2 ) 2.21

14G
(U 1 U 2 ) = 0
5 Eb12

2.50

U 1 U 2 = C1 cosh rx + C 2 sinh rx

2.51

(U 1 U 2 )
2.50

r =

14G
5 Eb12

(2.17)(2.19)
U 1 (i ) = U 2 (i ) = 0 (i = 0, L) U 1 (i ) = U 2 (i ) (i = 0, L)

C1 = C 2 = 0 U 1 = U 2 b1 = b2 U 1 = U 2
U 1 U 3

7
1 8 ( 1 + 2 ) 8 3 U 1 14G b1 2

7
7
( 1 + 2 ) 1 3 U 3 5 E 0
8
8

0 U 1 7 qx
1
=
+
C

1
b3 2 U 3 6 EI

M L
3
[( 1 + 2 )U 1 + 3U 3 ] + 0 = 0
EI
4

V
L
3
[( 1 + 2 )U 1 + 3U 3] + w 0 = 0
EI
4

6
7 U i U i

L
0

= 0 (i = 1,3)

bi = b3 , (i = 1,3) U i = U 3 , (i = 1,2)

2.52

2.53

29

2.3.2
b1 = b2 = b3, U 1 = U 2 = U 3

14G
7 qx
U 1 = ( + C7 )
2
6 EI
5Enb1
6
M
[ (1 n)U 1 + ] |0L = 0
7
EI
6
V
[ (1 n)U 1 + ]w | 0L = 0
7
EI
6
[ U 1 ]U 1 |0L = 0
7

nU 1

2.54

2.55

U1 =

7q
L 2x
cosh kL 1
1
(
cosh kx sinh kx
)
2
k sinh kl
k
2
6 EInk

Lx 2 x 3 L3
7I s

6 24 8 Ink 2
4

cosh kL 1
L 2x 1

cosh kx
sinh kx +

2
k
k sinh kL

q
EI

w=

7I s
q Lx 3 x 4 L3 x

EI 12 24 24 8Ink 2

hi q L x
7
x

I 2
6nk 2
(i = 1,2,3)

xi =

n = 1

2.56
2.57

x 2 Lx cosh kx 1 cosh kL 1

sinh kx 2.58

+ 2
2
2
k
k sinh kL

3I
1 y s 1 cosh kx + cosh kL 1 sinh kx
b 3 4 I
sinh kL

2.59

7 3
14G
i , k=

8 i =1
5 Enb12

[70]

2.4

30

31

3.1

[187]

3.1.1

2.1
3.1

w(x)
U i ( x), (i = 1,2,3) (2.15)(2.16)

3.1

Ui =

j =1, 3, 5

ij (C j cosh j x + C j +1 + sinh j x ) +

5C 7 bi2
12 IG

(i = 1,2,3)

(3.1)

32

j =1, 3, 5

j j C j cosh j x + C j +1 sinh j x +

5C 7 b
16 IG

C7 x 2
2 EI

C8 x
EI

+ C9

5C 7 b x C 7 x 3 C8 x 2
w = (C j sinh j x + C j +1 cosh j x ) +

+ C9 x
16 IG
6 EI
2 EI
j =1, 3, 5
+

s C7
GAw

(3.2)

(3.3)

+ C10

(3.4)

{ } e =[ i , U i1 , U i 2 , U i 3 , wi , j , U j1 ,U j 2 ,U j 3 , w j ] T

wi w j i j i j i j

U ik U jk (k = 1,2,3) ij

3.1.2

(3.5)

[k ]e { }e = {P}e
[k]e
k11
k
21
k 31

k 41
k
[k ]e = 51
k 61
k
71
k 81
k
91
k 51

k 22
k 32

k 33

k 42

k 43

k 44

k 52

k 53

k 54

k 55

k 62

k 63

k 64

k 51

k11

k 72

k 73

k 74

k 52

k 21

k 22

k 82

k 83

k 84

k 53

k 31

k 32

k 33

k 92

k 93

k 94

k 54

k 41

k 42

k 43

k 44

k 52

k 53

k 54

k 55

k 51

k 52

k 53

k 54

k 55

(3.6)

k ij 1
(3.1) (3.3)

33

k 11 =

EI l 2
l
EI l 2
+
+
k 51 =
k 61 =l 4a1
2a1
l
4a1

k i+ j ,1 =-

k j1
5g i l
3
EI i
+

4
24 IGJa1 EI

(i = 1,2,3; j = 1,6)

5T j g i
k j +1,1
3
k i +1, j +1 = EI i
+ i +1, j +1
4
12 IGJa1
EI
k 5i =-

k 6i =

Ti 1
a1

(i = 2,3,4) k 55 =

3EI i 1 lTi 1

4l
2a1

k i + 6, j +1 =

(i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)

1
a1

(i = 2,3,4)

5T j g i
k 6, j +1
3
EI i
- i + 6, j +1
4
12 IGJa1
EI

(i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)

a1 g i Ti , (i = 1,2,3) ij , (i = 2,3,4,7,8,9; j = 2,3,4)

3.1.3

3.5 {P}e
{P} e = [ M i , S i1 , S i 2 , S i 3 , Vi , M j , S j1 , S j 2 , S j 3 , V j ]T

3.7

M i M j i j Vi V j wi w j
S ik S jk (k = 1,2,3) U ik U jk (k = 1,2,3)

3.2 P i x p j = 1.0 w( x )
U i (i = 1,2,3)

34

Pw(x p ) + M j 1 = 0

(3.8)

M j = Pw(x p )

(3.9)

P M j

j = 1

3.2

3.1.3.1

3.3 i x P

3.3

M i = P{x p

x 2p
2l

s lx p
l
( x p )
}
4 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.10)

1 ( 23 )
S i1 = P 1 25
cosh(1l 1 x p )
J sinh 1l

3 ( 21 25 )
( 21 )
cosh( 3 l 3 x p ) + 5 23
cosh( 5 l 3 x p )
sinh 3 l
sinh 5 l

T
3 1 x p
T
+
x p + T 1 1 ( x p ) + s 1 x p

4 2l
2 Ia1
GAw a1

1 ( 15 )
S i 2 = P 1 13
cosh(1l 1 x p )
J sinh 1l

(3.11)

35

3 ( 15 11 )
( )
cosh(3l 3 x p ) + 5 11 13 cosh(5 l 5 x P )
sinh 3 l
sinh 5 l

x 2p

T
T

x p + T 2 2 ( x p ) + s 2 x p
2l

2 Ia1
GAw a1

1 ( 15 23 )
S i 3 = P 1 13 25
cosh(1l 1 x p )
sinh 1l
J
3
+ 2
4

(3.12)

3 ( 15 21 11 25 )
cosh(3 l 3 x p )
sinh 3l

T
3 3 x p
T
+
x p + T 3 3 ( x p ) + s 3 x P

4 2l
2 Ia1
GAw a1

s xp

1
Vi = P 1 +
( x p )

GAw a1
2 Ia1
x 2p
s lx p
l
( x p )
M j = P +

2GAw a1
2l 4 Ia1

(3.13)

(3.14)
(3.15)

( 25 )
1 ( 23 )
cosh 3 x p
S j1 = P 1 25
cosh 1 x p + 3 21
sinh 3 l
J sinh 1l

s T1

3
T
5 ( 23 21 )
xp
cosh 5 x p - 1 x 2p 1 1 ( x p ) +
2 Ia1
GAw a1
sinh 5 l
8l

(3.16)

( 11 )
1 ( 15 )
cosh 3 x p
S j 2 = P 1 13
cosh 1 x p + 3 15
sinh 3l
J sinh 1l

5 ( 11 13 )
T
T
cosh 5 x p - 2 x 2p 2 2 ( x p ) + s 2 x p
sinh 5 l
2 Ia1
GAw a1
8l

(3.17 )

( )
1 ( 15 23 )
S j 3 = P 1 13 25
cosh 1 x p + 3 15 21 11 25 cosh 3 x p
sinh 1l
sinh 3 l
J

T
5 ( 11 23 13 21 )
T
cosh 5 x p - s x 2p 3 3 ( x p ) + s 3 x p
sinh 5 l
2 Ia1
GAw a1
8l

V j = P{

s xp
1
( x p ) +
}
2 Ia1
GAw a1

(3.18)

(3.20)

Vi + V j = P
( x p ) =

5J i i
1 cosh i l
(sinh i x p +
cosh i x p )
sinh j l
i =1, 3, 5 6GJ

5 J 5 b
1

xp
(3lx 2p 2 x 3p )
6G
8G
6E

(3.21)

36

3.1.3.2

3.4

3.4

1 2 x 3p
s lx p 2
l
M i = q x p
+
1 ( x p )

6l 4 Ia1
4GAw a1
2

(3.22)

1 ( 23 )
S i1 = q 1 25
(sinh(1l 1 x p ) sinh 1l )
J 1 sinh 1l

3 ( 21 25 )
(sinh(3 l 3 x p ) sinh 3 l )
3 sinh 3 l

5 ( 23 21 )
(sinh(5 l 5 x p ) sinh 5 l )
5 sinh 5 l

s T1 2
T
3 1 x p
xp
+
x 2p + T 1 x p 1 1 ( x p ) +

Ia
GA
a
8 3l
2
2

w
1
1

(3.23)

1 ( 15 )
S i 2 = q 1 13
(sinh(1l 1 x p ) sinh 1l )
J 1 sinh 1l

3 (15 11 )
(sinh(3 l 3 x p ) sinh 3l )
3 sinh 3 l

5 ( 11 13 )
(sinh(5 l 5 x p ) sinh 5 l )
5 sinh 5 l

3
+ 2
8

x 3p

s T2 2
T

x 2p + T 2 x p 2 1 ( x p ) +
xp
3l

2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.24)

37

1 ( 15 23 )
S i 3 = q 1 13 25
(sinh(1l 1 x p ) sinh 1l )
1 sinh 1l
J

3 (15 21 11 25 )
(sinh(3l 3 x p ) sinh 3l )
3 sinh 3l

5 ( 11 23 13 21 )
(sinh(5 l 5 x p ) sinh 5 l )
5 sinh 5 l

s T3 2
T
3 3 x p
+
x 2p + T 3 x p 3 1 ( x p ) +
xp

8 3l
2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.25)

s x 2p
1
Vi = q x p +
1 ( x p )

2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.26)

x 3p
s lx 2p
l
M j = q +
1 ( x p )

4GAw a1
6l 4 Ia1

(3.27 )

( 25 )
( 21 )
1 ( 23 )
sinh 3 x p + 5 23
S j1 = q 1 25
sinh 1 x p + 3 21
sinh 5 x p
3 sinh 3 l
5 sinh 5 l
J 1 sinh 1l

1
8l

x 3p 1 x p

s T1 2
T1
xp
1 ( x p ) +
2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.28)

( 11 )
( )
1 ( 15 )
sinh 3 x p + 3 11 13 sinh 5 x p
S j 2 = q 1 13
sinh 1 x p + 3 15
3 sinh 3 l
5 sinh 5 l
J 1 sinh 1l

2
8l

x 3p 2 x p

s T2 2
T2
xp
1 ( x p ) +
2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.29)

( )
1 ( 15 23 )
S 3 j = q 1 13 25
sinh 1 x p + 3 15 21 11 25 sinh 3 x p
3 sinh 3l
1 sinh 1l
J

5 ( 11 23 13 21 )
sinh 5 x p
5 sinh 5 l

3
8l

s T3 2
T3
xp
1 ( x p ) +
2 Ia1
2GAw a1

(3.30)

1
s x 2p
V j = q
1 ( x p ) +

2GAw a1
2 Ia1

(3.31)

x 3p 3 x p

Vi + V j = qx p

38

1 ( x p ) =

i =1, 3, 5

5 J
5J i i
1 cosh i l
(cosh i x p +
sinh i x p 1) xP 6GJi
sinh i l
6G

5 b 2
1
1
3
xp
(lx p x 4p )
16G
6E
2

(3.32)

Ti i , (i = 1,2,3) J

3.2

Fortran-77

3.2.1

[145] 3.5
0.8m
P=0.2722 kN E=3000 MPa = 0.385

3.5

10 m

32 0.025m 33
3.1 3.6

2 4 8 16 32


3.1

39

MPa

1
2
3
4

-0.24245
-0.25728
-0.36103
-0.40740

-0.24245
-0.25728
-0.36103
-0.40740

-0.20740
-0.24201
-0.33870
-0.40095

-0.21224
-0.24850
-0.32900

5
6
7
8

-0.40740
-0.36103
-0.25728
-0.24245

-0.40740
-0.36103
-0.25728
-0.24245

-0.40095
-0.34326
-0.26274
-0.24684

-0.32004
-0.26040
-0.24500

11

0.66929

0.66929

0.62051

12

0.59313

0.59313

0.54346

0.57376

13

0.44267

0.44267

0.42580

0.39840

14

0.39832

0.39832

0.39835

0.38880

3.6

40

3.2.2

[135] 0.6m E=2923

MPa = 0.375 30 0.02 m 31

q=1 kN/m

c
3.7
3 6 12
24 48
3.2

3.7
3.2

MPa

12

24

48

1.7067

1.6169

1.5754

1.5563

1.5380

-2.6744

-2.5157

-2.4432

-2.4093

-2.3944

3.2.3

3.8 0.8m

E=2800MPa = 0.37 P=0.02kN

q=0.2kN/m
64
[71][161] 3.3

3.8

3.3

41

10-2m

max (10-1MPa)

[71]

-0.4906
0.6144

-0.4961
0.6099

-0.5082
0.5922

-0.5095
0.6009

-0.5966
0.7381

-1.2155
3.5529

-1.2383
3.5306

-1.2785
3.3325

-1.2073
3.4242

-1.2514
4.4809

3.3

43

4.1
1

4.2
4.1 1.788m, 0.46m+0.86m
+0.46m 0.06m
z =4+0.0025 x 2

4.1

10-2m

4.2 0.08m
0.04m 0.006m 0.006m 0.008m
0.36m
E = 2600 MPa = 0.4

44

4.2 10-2m

4.3 0.008m
4.3a 4.3b

a)

b)

4.3

10

4.3

3 9 4.4

54
15

2 (2mm 2mm )

45

120

2(1 + )

a)

b)

4.4

mm

4.5 0.008m 0.06m

4.5

0.6m 8

46

= 12hY0 / L Y0 L ( L = 0.48m)
2.08

4.4
4.4.1

4.6

a)

b)

4.6

4.7
8mm 8mm

47

a)

b)

4.7

4.4.2

18 20

10min 15s YJ-25

,

48

4.4.3

x = /[2(1 + )]

x x = E x
x

4.5

41 0.02

0.03m 42
19 0.030.05m 20

4.8

a)

b)

c)

4.8

10-2m

49

abaqus
4.9 732 8

1518

4.9

P=0.13733 kN 4.1 4.10

q=0.5 kN/m 4.2 4.11
q=1.0 kN/m 4.3 4.12
4.1

MPa

I-I

III-III

0.06964

0.07150

0.08009

0.07799

0.07538

0.07483

0.07760

0.08350

0.07892

0.08940

0.09986

0.09285

0.09610

0.10414

0.09564

-0.21727

0.08470

0.09883

0.08914

0.09140

0.10303

0.09749

-0.15215

-0.14913

0.07460

0.06443

0.06221

0.07580

0.07348

0.06871

-0.14550

-0.13948

-0.12071

0.06650

0.05828

0.05664

0.07270

0.06819

0.06546

-0.27020

-0.22295

-0.21773

0.08470

0.09883

0.09378

0.09140

0.10303

0.09378

-0.29580

-0.22377

-0.21634

0.08940

0.09986

0.09842

0.09610

0.10414

0.10307

-0.08660

-0.16247

-0.13906

0.05860

0.07134

0.06806

0.0714

0.08009

0.07428

-0.13540

0.05860

0.07134

-0.17116

-0.16620

0.07380

-0.29570

-0.22377

-0.22191

-0.27050

-0.22295

-0.16630

-0.08650

-0.16247

-0.17060

II-II

50
4.2

MPa

I-I

II-II

III-III

-0.16090

-0.18065

-0.14763

0.09500

0.13991

0.12590

0.11210

0.14673

0.12163

-0.19440

-0.18583

-0.16806

0.15930

0.15237

0.14856

0.16510

0.15871

0.14763

-0.23610

-0.21724

-0.21355

0.23610

0.22784

0.22470

0.24910

0.23130

0.21077

-0.22850

-0.21516

-0.21476

0.21570

0.22686

0.21727

0.22670

0.23031

0.22098

-0.19320

-0.16924

-0.16714

0.15750

0.12577

0.12163

0.15970

0.13294

0.12906

-0.17490

-0.16104

-0.14670

0.13000

0.10770

0.08914

0.13840

0.11553

0.10214

-0.22840

-0.21516

-0.21383

0.21560

0.22686

0.21263

0.22670

0.23031

0.21820

-0.23610

-0.21724

-0.21262

0.23620

0.22784

0.22191

0.24910

0.23130

0.22563

-0.16090

-0.18065

-0.17550

0.09490

0.13991

0.12888

0.11200

0.14673

0.11885

4.3

MPa

0.53191

0.51346

0.56066

0.55710

0.73481

0.65924

0.73132

0.68059

0.49521

0.48282

0.45299

0.42525

0.73132

0.71866

0.73481

0.70009

0.53191

0.52553

51

52

4.12

53

III-III

1 I

n = 0

54

4.6

55

5.1
1.1 e y=b
c (y=0) e 1 c
1 e 1 c 1
5.1

5.1.1

a)

b)

5.1

5.2 5.3 b/L=0.3

56

5.2

5.3

b/L=0.3
e

b/L=0.3
e

1
h / H

2 0.8 h / H 1.0
0.2 h / H 0.6

57

3 h / H = 1

4 0.40.6
3L/8
L/4

5.1.2

5.4 5.5

5.4

5.5

58

b/L h/H

5.6 5.7 L/16

c b/L h/H
h / H 0.4
0.6 h / H 0.8 0.2 < b / L < 0.4
h / H 0.2
0.4 h / H 0.6 0.2 < b / L < 0.4 h / H > 0.6

5.6

x=L/16

5.7

x=L/16

59

5.1.3
1 1.2

5.1
5.1

h/H

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.927

0.833

0.753

0.684

0.623

0.4

0.931

0.810

0.693

0.593

0.511

0.6

0.932

0.796

0.658

0.543

0.454

0.8

0.933

0.787

0.635

0.510

0.419

1.0

0.934

0.780

0.618

0.488

0.395

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.948
0.945
0.940
0.936
0.934

0.874
0.837
0.812
0.794
0.780

0.803
0.723
0.674
0.641
0.618

0.734
0.621
0.556
0.516
0.488

0.670
0.534
0.464
0.422
0.395

0.2

0.746

0.600

0.520

0.468

0.430

0.4

0.741

0.573

0.475

0.410

0.363

0.6

0.739

0.560

0.453

0.382

0.331

0.8

0.737

0.553

0.439

0.364

0.312

1.0

0.736

0.548

0.430

0.353

0.300

1
0.1

5.2

5.8

60

5.8

5.2.1
5.9 5.10 b/L=0.2

h/H=1
L/4h/H=0.2 3L/4

5.9

b/L=0.2

5.10

b/L=0.2

61

5.2.2
5.11 5.12

5.11

5.12

62

b / L 0.6
h/H=1 0.8 b / L 1.0 0.4 < h / H < 0.8

5.13 0.25L

x=0.25L
c 0.3 < b / L < 0.9

5.13

x=0.25L
c

5.2.3
5.8
5.2
1 0.1 b / L 0.2
0.5 b / L 1.0 0.1 b / L 0.2

2 0.3 b / L 1.0 h/H

b / L 0.1 h/H 0.1 b / L 0.2

63

3 0.1 b / L 0.3 h/H
0.6 b / L 1.0 h/H 0.4 b / L 0.5

5.2

h/H

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.2

0.837

0.649

0.503

0.403

0.334

0.287

0.228

0.195

0.4

0.805

0.619

0.488

0.399

0.338

0.295

0.239

0.207

0.6

0.788

0.607

0.484

0.402

0.345

0.304

0.251

0.218

0.8

0.779

0.601

0.483

0.407

0.353

0.316

0.261

0.228

1.0

0.772

0.599

0.487

0.412

0.361

0.323

0.271

0.238

0.2
0.4

0.792
0.779

0.591
0.586

0.451
0.458

0.361
0.375

0.301
0.318

0.261
0.279

0.212
0.229

0.185
0.199

0.6

0.774

0.589

0.468

0.388

0.334

0.295

0.244

0.213

0.8

0.773

0.594

0.478

0.401

0.348

0.309

0.258

0.226

1.0

0.772

0.599

0.487

0.412

0.361

0.323

0.271

0.238

0.2

0.939

0.815

0.674

0.551

0.455

0.383

0.290

0.237

0.4

0.903

0.770

0.644

0.539

0.451

0.394

0.307

0.254

0.6

0.885

0.751

0.634

0.540

0.464

0.406

0.323

0.270

0.8

0.875

0.742

0.631

0.542

0.473

0.418

0.338

0.285

1.0

0.868

0.737

0.630

0.548

0.482

0.430

0.353

0.300

5.3
5.14

5.14

64

5.3.1

5.15 b/L=0.1 e

5.15

(b / L = 0.1)

3 (h / H = 1)
(h / H = 0.4 )

5.3.2
5.16 5.17 5.18

1 h/H

65

5.16

5.17

()
e

66

5.18

()
e

5.3.3
5.14
5.3
5.3

h/H

b/L

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.876

0.703

0.571

0.468

0.431

0.813

0.607

0.455

0.354

0.288

0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.926
0.944
0.953
0.959

0.788
0.825
0.846
0.861

0.654
0.695
0.721
0.738

0.551
0.585
0.607
0.623

0.477
0.501
0.517
0.528

0.759
0.724
0.696
0.673

0.550
0.515
0.490
0.470

0.413
0.388
0.370
0.357

0.326
0.309
0.297
0.288

0.269
0.258
0.250
0.244

0.2

0.909

0.757

0.625

0.531

0.469

0.770

0.556

0.413

0.324

0.266

0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.938
0.949
0.955
0.959

0.813
0.837
0.851
0.861

0.682
0.710
0.727
0.738

0.576
0.599
0.613
0.623

0.498
0.513
0.522
0.528

0.735
0.710
0.690
0.673

0.522
0.500
0.484
0.470

0.391
0.377
0.366
0.357

0.310
0.301
0.294
0.288

0.257
0.252
0.248
0.244

0.2

0.589

0.392

0.298

0.247

0.217

0.837

0.627

0.468

0.364

0.297

0.4

0.682

0.483

0.373

0.308

0.267

0.784

0.570

0.425

0.334

0.275

0.6

0.727

0.534

0.417

0.345

0.298

0.749

0.535

0.399

0.315

0.262

0.8

0.754

0.566

0.447

0.371

0.319

0.722

0.509

0.381

0.302

0.252

1.0

0.772

0.589

0.469

0.389

0.334

0.700

0.489

0.366

0.292

0.244

1 h/H

67

h/H
2

5.4

2h/H

5 5.1 5.3 b/L h/H

69

6.1
6.1.1

z x y z
6.1
6.2

6.1

1
2

3( y = 0 )

( x = 0 ) ( zy = xy = 0 )

70

4
5

a)

b)

6.2

v(z ) (z )
1 ( z ) 2 ( z ) 3 ( z )

1 ( x, y, z ) = h1 1

2 ( x, y, z ) = h2 1

3 ( x, y, z ) = h3 1

x3
W1 ( z )
b13

6.1

x3
W2 ( z )
b23

6.2

x3
W3 ( z )
b33

6.3

i ( x, y, z ) (i = 1,2,3)
b1 2b2 2b3 hi (i = 1,2,3)

Wi ( z )(i = 1,2,3)
w, u, v z , x, y

71

z1

z 2

x3

i = z1 + z 2 = hi k x hi 1 3 Wi( z )
b

6.4

k x

6.1.2

= (U + V ) = 0

6.5

U V
6.1.2.1

1 S M x2
1
Uf =
dz = EI f
0
2 EI f
2

S
0

v dz
R

6.6

I f E
:

U s = U1 + U 2 + U 3

6.7

1 S b2
1 S b1
2
2
) dxdz
+ G 21
U = 2 t1 ( E 12 + G 12 ) dxdz + t 2 ( E 21
0
0
0
0
2
2
1 S b3

+ t 3 ( E 32 + G 32 ) dxdz
0
0
2

6.8

6.8

U1 =

1 S b1
2t1 ( E 12 + G 12 ) dxdz
2 0 0

6.9

72

1 = z1 + z 2 = h1 v

x3
+ 1 3 W1
R

b1

2
2
3

x 3
x

= h v + 1 3 W1 + 2 v 1 3 W1
R b1
R b1

2
1

2
1

1 =

1 ( x, y, z )
3x 2 h
= 3 1 W1
x
b1

12 =

6.10

6.11

6.12

9 x 4 h12 2
W1
b16

6.13

6.11 6.13 6.9

U1 =

2 2

9
1 S
3
3
9G
+ 2 2v + W1 2 + v W1
EI
W1 +
W12 dz
1 v
2

R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5 Eb1

6.14

2 2

9
1 S
3
3
9G
+ 2 2v + W2 2 + v W2
EI
W2 +
W22 dz 6.15
2 v
2

R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5 Eb2

U2 =

2 2

9
1 S
3
3
9G
U 3 = EI 3 v + 2 2v + W3 2 + v W3
W3 +
W32 dz 6.16
2
0
R 14
2
2
2R
R
5 Eb3

I 1 = 2h12 t1b1 I 2 = 2h22 t 2 b2 I 3 = 2h32 t 3 b3

t i (i = 1,2,3)
6.14 6.16 6.7

Us =

2 2

9
1 S
3
3
9G
+ 2 2v + W1 2 + v W1
EI
W1 +
W12 dz
1 v
2

0
R 14
2
2
2R
R
5 Eb1

2 2
9
1 S
3
3
9G
2
W2 +
+ EI 2 v + 2 2v + W2 2 + v W2
W
dz 6.17
2
R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5 Eb22

2 2

9
1 S
3
3
9G
+ 2 2v + W3 2 + v W3
EI
W3 +
W32 dz
3 v
2

R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5 Eb3

G S
G S
v
K T k2 dz = K T + dz

R
2 0
2 0

UT =

6.18

73

k K T G
:

E S
E S
v
2
I (k ) dz = I + dz

R
2 0
2 0
2

UB =

6.19

I
6.1.2.2

Vq = q y vdz

6.20

Vm = m z dz

6.21

VM = [M x v ]

6.22

VQ = Q y v

[ ]

VT = [Tz ]

S
0

6.23

0
S

6.24

V = Vq + Vm + VM + VQ + VT

= (q y v + m z )dz + M x v Q y v Tz
S

6.1.2.3

6.25

= U +V

0 v R dz

2
9
1 S
3
3
9G
W1 +
W12 dz
+ EI 1 v 2 + 2 2v + W1 2 + v W1
2
0
R 14
2
2
2R
R
5Eb1

9
1 S
3
3
9G
2
W2 +
W
+ EI 2 v 2 + 2 2v + W2 2 + v W2
dz
2
R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5Eb22

1
EI f
2

2 2
9
1 S
3
3
9G
+ 2 2v + W3 2 + v W3
EI
W3 +
W32 dz
3 v
2

R 14
2 0
2
2R
R
5Eb3

S
G S
v
E S
v
K T + dz + I + dz (q y v + m z )dz

0
2 0
R
2 0
R

+ M x v Q y v T2

6.26

S
0

I s = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 I s I x = I s + I f I x 1 =

I1

Is

74

2 =

I
I + I2 + I3
I2
3 = 3 1 + 2 + 3 = 1
= 1
Is
Is
Is

6.26
= U +V
S
S 3
1

EI x v 2 dz +
EI s iWi 2 dz
0
0
2
R
28

i =1

=
+

S 3

3
3

9

EI s iW1 v dz + GI s 2i Wi 2
0
4
R
10

i =1

i =1 bi

6.27

S
S
1
v
1
v
+ GK T + dz + EI + dz
0
0
2
R
2
R

- (q y v + m z )dz + M x v Q y v Tz
S

6.1.3

S
0

[185]

= F (v, v , v , , , ,W1 ,W1,W2 , W2, W3 ,W3, z )dz + {P } { } = 0

T

6.28

{P}= [M
{ } = [v
F=
+

Q y Tz
v ]

6.29
6.30

1
2
9
EI x v 2 + 2 2v +
EI s iWi 2
2
R 28
R
i =1

3
3
9

EI s iW1 v + GI s 2i Wi 2
i =1 b

4
R 10

i =1
i

1
v 2
v 1
v 2
v
+ GK T 2 + 2 + 2 + EI 2 + 2 + 2
2
R 2
R
R
R

- q y v m z

6.31

75

F d F d 2 F

+

=0
v dz v dz 2 v

6.32

F d F d 2
+

dz dz 2

6.33

= 0

F
d F
=0

W1 dz W1

6.34

F
d F
=0

W2 dz W2

6.35

F
d F
=0

W3 dz W3

6.36

F d F
S
v dz v Q y v 0 = 0

6.37

F
S
v + M x v 0 = 0

6.38

F d F
S
Tz 0 = 0
dz

6.39

F
S
0 = 0

6.40

W1
W1

=0

6.41

=0

6.42

=0

6.43

W2
W2
F

W3
W3

S
0

S
0

F
= q y
v

6.44

F
v
= GK T 2 +
v
R
R

6.45

d F
v
= GK T 2 +

dz v
R
R

6.46

F
3
3

v
= EI x v + EI s iWi + EI 2 +
v
R 4
R

R
i =1

6.47

76

d F
3

3
v
=

+
EI
v
EI
W + EI 2 +

x
s i i
dz v
R 4
R

R
i =1

d2
dz 2

F
3
v

+
+
EI
v
EI

x
s iWi + EI
2
R
R 4
v

R
i =1

6.48
6.49

F
v 3
3

= EI x 2
EI s iWi m z

R 4R
R
i =1

6.50

F
v

= GK T +

R

6.51

d F
v

= GK T +
dz
R

6.52

F
v

= EI +

R

6.53

d F
v

= EI +
dz
R

6.54

d2
dz 2

F
v

= GK T +

F
9
= GI s 2 W1
W1 5
b1

9
3

= EI sW1 + EI s 1 v
4
W1 14
R

6.55
6.56
6.57

d F 9
3

= EI s 1W1+ EI s 1 v
dz W1 14
R
4

6.58

1
9
F
= GI s 2 W2
W2 14

b2

6.59

9
3

= EI s 2W2 + EI s 2 v
4
W2 14
R

6.60

d F 9
3

= EI s 2W2 + EI s 2 v
dz W2 14
R
4

6.61

1
9
F
= GI s 2 W3
W3 5

b3

6.62

9
3

= EI s 3W3 + EI s 3 v
4
W3 14
R

6.63

3

d F 9

= EI s 3W3 + EI s 3 v
4
dz W3 14
R

6.64

77

6.44 6.64 6.32 6.36

EI
EI
EI + GK T
GK

EI x + 2 v 2T v + x
R
R
R
R

3
3

+ EI s iWi q y = 0
4
i =1

6.65

EI
EI + GK T
EI
v x
v + EI GK T + 2x
R
R
R
3
3EI s

iWi m z = 0
4 R i =1

6.66

3EI s
3EI s
9 EI s
9GI s
v
+
W1
W1 ) = 0
4
4R
14
5b12

6.67

2 (

3EI s
3EI s
9 EI s
9GI s
v
W2
+
W2 ) = 0
4
4R
14
5b22

(6.68)

3 (

3EI s
3EI s
9 EI s
9GI s
v
W2
+
W3 ) = 0
4
4R
14
5b32

(6.69)

1 (

6.44 6.64 6.37 6.43

EI
EI
EI + GK T
GK T

( EI x + 2 )v 2 v +
R
R
R
R

3
3

+ EI s iWi + Q y v 0S = 0
4
i =1

(6.70)

EI
EI
EI

x
( EI x + 2 )v +
R
R
R

3
3

+ EI s iWi + M x v 0S = 0
4
i =1

(6.71)

GK T

EI

v
v EI + GK T Tz 0S = 0

+
R
R

(6.72)

EI
(

) 0S = 0
+

(6.73)

3
9
3

EI s 1 ( 4 v + 14 W1 4 R ) W1

S
0

=0

(6.74)

78

3
9
3

EI

(
v
W
) W2
+

2
2
s

4
14
4R

S
0

=0

(6.75)

3
9
3

EI

(
v
W
) W3
+

s
3
3

4
14
4R

S
0

=0

(6.76)

1 W1 ( z ) = W2 ( z ) = W3 ( z ) = W ( z ) b1 = b2 = b3

EI
EI
EI + GK T
GK
)v 2T v + x

2
R
R
R
R
3
+ EI s ( 1 + 2 + 3 )W q y = 0
4

( EI x +

EI
EI + GK T
EI
v + EI GK T + 2x
v x
R
R
R
3EI s

( 1 + 2 + 3 )W m z = 0
4R
( 1 + 2 + 3 )(

3EI s
4

3EI s
4R

9 EI s
14

5b12

(6.78)

W) = 0

(6.79)

EI
EI
EI x + GK T
GK T

( EI x + R 2 )v R 2 v + R
R

+ EI s ( 1 + 2 + 3 )W + Q y v 0S = 0
4

(6.80)

EI
EI
EI x

( EI x + R 2 )v + R R

+ EI s ( 1 + 2 + 3 )W + M x v 0S = 0
4

(6.81)

GK T
EI

v
+
v EI + GK T Tz 0S = 0
R
R

(6.82)

+
) 0S = 0
EI

(6.83)

3
9
3

EI s ( 1 + 2 + 3 )( 4 v + 14 W 4 R ) W
1 =

9GI s

(6.77)

S
0

=0

(6.84)

I
I1
I
2 t
2 t
2 t
, 2 = 2 , 3 = 3 1 + 2 + 3 = 1 I s = 2h1 1 + 2h2 2 + 2h3 3
b1
b2
b3
Is
Is
Is

79

( EI x +
EI
R

EI
R

)v

GK T
R

EI x + GK T

v +

EI
R

EI x + GK T
R

v + EI GK T +

EI x
R

3
4

+ EI sW q y = 0

3EI s
4R

W mz = 0

(6.85)
(6.86)

3EI s
3EI s
9 EI s
9GI s
v
+
W
W =0
4
4R
14
5

(6.87)

EI
EI x + GK T
EI
GK T
3

+ EI sW + Q y v
( EI x + R 2 )v R 2 v + R
R
4

S
0

= 0 (6.88)

EI
EI
EI x
3

S
( EI x + R 2 )v + R R + 4 EI sW + M x v 0 = 0

(6.89)

GK T
EI

S
R v + R v EI + GK T Tz 0 = 0

(6.90)

S
EI ( + R ) 0 = 0

(6.91)

3
9
3

EI s ( 4 v + 14 W 4 R ) W

S
0

=0

(6.92)

2 [188]

( EI x +
EI
R

EI
R

)v

GK T
R

EI x + GK T
R

v +

EI
R

EI x + GK T
R

v + EI GK T +

EI x
R2

q y = 0

(6.93)

mz = 0

(6.94)

EI
EI x + GK T
EI
GK T

+ Q y v
( EI x + R 2 )v R 2 v + R
R

S
0

=0

(6.95)

EI
EI
EI x

S
( EI x + R 2 )v + R R + M x ] v 0 = 0

(6.96)

GK T
EI

S
R v + R v EI + GK T Tz 0 = 0

(6.97)

S
EI ( + R ) 0 = 0

(6.98)

3 1 R
[70]

80

3
EI W q y = 0
4 s

(6.99)

3EI s
9 EI s
9GI s
v +
W
W =0
4
14
5

(6.100)

[EI v + Q ] v

(6.101)

EI x v +

S
0

=0

[EI x v + M x ] v 0S

=0

3
9

EI
(
v
W )W
+
s

4
14

(6.102)
S
0

=0

(6.103)

6.2
6.2.1

(6.65) (6.69)

1 6.85 (6.87)

d2
D = 2 6.85 (6.87) q y
dz
2

m z

R 2qy
2 2 2
D2
2
2
2

D
a
D
R
D
(

1
)(

1
)(
+
1
)
=

GK T
k2

2 2 2
D
2
2
2

D (a D 1)( 2 1)( R D + 1) = 0
k

2 2 2
D2
2
2
2

D (a D 1)( 2 )( R D + 1) W = 0
k 1

6.104

a=

EI
14Gn
,k =
,n =
GK T
5E

I
1
, = s
7I
Is
(1 s )
8I x

(6.105)

81

30
10

z
z
+ A6 sinh
a
a
2
z
z
z
z R qy 2
+ A7 cos + A8 z cos + A9 sin + A10 z sin
z
R
R
R
R 2GK T

v( z ) = A1 + A2 z + A3 cosh kz + A4 sinh kz + A5 cosh

(6.106)

( z ) = A3 ( F3 cosh kz + E3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( E3 cosh kz + F3 sinh kz )

R
z
R
z
1
z
cosh + A6 2 sinh A7 cos
2
a
a
R
R
a
a
1
1
z
z
z
A8 ( z cos + S1 sin ) A9 sin
R
R
R
R
R
2
1
1
z 1
z
R
)q
+ A10 ( S1 cos z sin ) +
mz R 3 (
+
R R
R
EI x
EI x GK T y
+ A5

(6.107)

W ( z ) = A3 (T3 cosh kz + H 3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( H 3 cosh kz + T3 sinh kz )

+ A8 S 2 cos

z
z
+ A10 S 2 sin
R
R

(6.108)

A1 A2 A10 F3 E3 T3 H 3 S1 S 2

a11 =

EI
k 2 (1 R)
1
( EI k 2 GK T ) x (k 2 + )
R
R
R

(6.109)

a12 =

3EI s k 2 1
k2
(k + ) a13 =
( EI k 2 EI x GK T )
4
R
R

(6.110)

1
9 EI s k 2 ( 1)
3EI s k 3
3EI s k
n
a15 =
a16 = b22 =
a14 =
4R
14
4
b11 =

1
1
k2
(1 )( EI k 2 GK T ) EI x k 2 (k 2 + )
R
R
R

b33 =

k2
(GK T EI x R 2 k 2 EI k 2 )
2
R

Zx =

6
14G R 2
(1 +
)
7
5E

Zy =

3EI s R 2
4( EI + GK T R 2 + EI x R 2 )

(6.111)

(6.112)
(6.113)
6.114)

(6.115)

82

H3 =

b
a
a
x
y
T3 =
F3 = 11 12 H 3 E 3 = 12 T3
a11 a11
a11

x =

y =

a11

a12

a11

a12

a13
a14

a14
a13

a15
a16

a16
a15

a11
0

0 0 a12
a11 b11 0

a13

a14

b22

a16

a14

a13

b33

a15

0 b11
a11 0

a11
0

a12
0

b22

a14

a15

b33

a13

a16

I
GK T

2 I x ( Z x Z y ) Z y ( 2 +
E
R
S1 =
I
GK T
( Z x Z y )( 2 + I x +
)
E
R
I GK T
+
)
E
R2
S2 =
I
GK T
( Z x Z y )( 2 + I x +
)
E
R

(6.116)

(6.117)

(6.118)

(6.119)

(6.120)

2(

(6.121)

6.106 (6.108) 10

6.1 Bi M f

zib = Ey i v ( z )

x3
+ 1 3 W ( z )
R
bi

( z)

zi = E i ( z ) +

v ( z )
R

6.122
6.123

zib zi y i i

83

6.1

6.2.2

v
0

0
0

Qy

Mx

0
0

Tz

Bi

Mf

0
0

0
0

0
0

6.3
q y

6.3

v(0) = (0) = v( S ) = ( S ) = 0

6.124

z = 0 z = S v 0 0 w 0 6.88
(6.92)

EI x v + 4 EI sW + M x
S

3 9
4 v + 14 W
v

EI +
R

=0
0

=0
0

= 0

(6.125)

84

EI ( + R ) = 0
0

7 nM x

=
0
W

6 EI x 0

nM x
v +

EI x

=0

( 6.126 )

M x (0) = M x ( S ) = 0

v (0) = (0) = W (0) = v ( S ) = ( S ) = W ( S ) = 0

( 6.127 )

(6.124) (6.127) (6.106) (6.108)

A1 + A3 + A5 + A7 = 0
F3 A3 + E3 A4 +

1
R
1
1
+
A5 A7 + S1 A10 = R 3
2
R
a
EI x GK T

q y

R2qy
A5 A7 2

+
=
A
10
GK T
a2 R2 R
A
1
R
F3 k 2 A3 + E3 k 2 A4 + 4 A5 + 73 2 (2 + S1 )A10 = 0
a
R
R
S2
A10 = 0
H 3 kA3 + T3 kA4 +
R
S
S
A1 + SA2 + cosh kSA3 + sinh kSA4 + cosh A5 + sinh A6
a
a
2 2
R S qy
+ cos A7 + S cos A8 + sin A9 + S sin A10 =
2GK T

k 2 A3 +

(F3 cosh kS + E3 sinh kS )A3 + (E3 cosh kS + F3 sinh kS )A4

R
S
R
S
1
S

cosh A5 + 2 sinh A6 cos A7 cos + S1 sin A8

2
a
a
R
a
a
R

1
S
1
1

q y
sin A9 + S1 cos sin A10 = R 3
+
R
R

EI x GK T
+

k 2 cosh kSA3 + k 2 sinh kSA4 +

S
S
1
1
1
cosh A5 + 2 sinh A6 2 cos A7
2
a
a
a
a
R

R2qy
S
S
1
2

+ sin 2 cos A8 2 sin A9 + cos 2 sin A10 =

GK T
R
R
R
R

(F k
3

85

cosh kS + E3 k 2 sinh kS A3 + E3 k 2 cosh kS + F3 k 2 sinh kS A4

R
S
R
S
S
1
2 + S1

cosh A5 + 4 sinh A6 + 3 cos A7 +

sin + 3 cos A8
4
2
a
a
a
a
R
R
R

1
S
2 + S1

+ 3 sin A9 +
cos + 3 sin A10 = 0
2
R
R
R

(T3 k sinh kS + H 3 k cosh kS )A3 + (H 3 k sinh kS + T3 k cosh kS )A4

+

S2
S
sin A8 + 2 cos A10 = 0
R
R

A1 A2 A10
v(z ) (z ) W (z ) 6.122 6.123

0.8m
3.5 E=3000MPa

= 0.385 P=0.2722
kN 200m
3 3.1 3.6

6.3

Vlasov

87

7.1
7.1.1

7.1
5 v v
W Q
M
T B S W 7.2
7.3

7.1

7.2

88

7.3

6.856.86 q y = 0 m z = 0

V ( z ) = A1 + A2 z + A3 cosh kz + A4 sinh kz + A5 cosh

z
z
+ A6 sin
a
a

z
z
z
z
+ A7 cos + A8 z cos + A9 sin + A10 z sin
R
R
R
R

( z ) = A3 ( F3 cosh kz + E3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( E3 cosh kz + F3 sinh kz ) + A5

7.1

R
z
cosh
2
a
a

R
z
z
z
z
1
1
sinh A7 cos A8 ( z cos + S1 sin )
2
a
R
R
R
R
R
a
z
z 1
z
1
A9 sin + A10 ( S1 cos z sin )
R
R
R R
R
+ A6

(7.2)

W ( z ) = A3 (T3 cosh kz + H 3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( H 3 cosh kz + T3 sinh kz )

+ A8 S 2 cos

(7.3)

z
z
+ A10 S 2 sin
R
R

v( z ) = A1 + A2 z + A3 cosh kz + A4 sinh kz + A5 cosh

+ A7 cos

z
z
+ A6 sinh
a
a

z
z
z
z
+ A8 z cos + A9 sin + A10 z sin
R
R
R
R

A5
z A
z A
z
sinh + 6 cosh 7 sin
a
a a
a R
R
A
z z
z
z
z
z
z
+ A8 (cos sin ) + 9 cos + A10 ( cos + sin )
R R
R
R
R
R
R
R

v ( z ) = A2 + A3 k sinh kz + A4 k cosh kz +

89

( z ) = A3 ( F3 cosh kz + E3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( E3 cosh kz + F3 sinh kz )

A5 R
z A
z
cosh + 26 sinh
2
a a
a
a
A9
z
z

sin + A10 ( S1 cos

R
R
R
+

A7
z
z
z
z
cos A8 ( cos + S1 sin )
R
R
R
R
R
z
z
sin )
R
R

( z ) = A3 ( E3 k cosh kz + F3 k sinh kz ) + A4 ( F3 k cosh kz + E3 k sinh kz )

RA5
z
z RA
z A
sinh + 36 cosh + 72 sin
3
a R
R
a a
a
z
z
1
1
A8 cos (1 + S1 ) 2 z sin
R
R
R
R
A
z
z
z
1
1
92 cos A10 sin (1 + S1 ) + 2 z cos
R
R
R
R
R
R
+

W ( z ) = A3 (T3 cosh kz + H 3 sinh kz ) + A4 ( H 3 cosh kz + T3 sinh kz )

+ A8 S 2 cos

(7.4)

z
z
+ A10 S 2 sin
R
R

v W

{ }e

= vi

vi i

i Wi

v j

vj

j j W j

7.5

vi v j i j vi v j i j i
j i j i j i j Wi W j
i j

7.1.2

[k ] [ ]
e

[]

= {P}

7.6

90

k11

k12

k13

k14

k15

k16

k17

k18

k19

k 22

k 23

k 24

k 25

k 26

k 27

k 28

k 29

k 33

k 34

k 35

k 36

k 37

k 38

k 39

k 44

k 45

k 46

k 47

k 48

k 49

k 55

k 56

k 57

k 58

k 59

k 66

k 67

k 68

k 69

k 77

k 78

k 79

k 88

k 89

k 99

k110

k 210
k 310

k 410
k 510

k 610
k 710

k 810

k 910
k1010

7.7

7.4
i z = 0 j z = s
A1 + A3 + A 5 + A7 = vi
A6
A
+ A8 + 9 = vi
a
R
A
R
F3 A3 + E3 A4 + 2 A5 7 + S 1A10 = i
R
a
A
R
1 S
kE3 A3 + kF3 A4 + 3 A6 ( + 1 ) A8 92 = i
R R
a
R
T3 A3 + H 3 A4 + S 2 A8 = Wi
A2 + kA4 +

A1 + sA2 + cosh ksA3 + sinh ksA4 + cosh

s
s
s
A5 + sinh A6 + cos A7
a
a
R

s
s
s
A8 + sin A9 + s sin A10 = v j
R
R
R
s
s
s
1
1
1
A2 + k sinh ksA3 + k cosh ksA4 + sinh A5 + cosh A6 sin A7
a
a
a
a
R
R
s s
s
s
s
s
s
1
+ (cos sin ) A8 + cos A9 + ( cos + sin ) A10 = v j
R R
R
R
R
R
R
R
( E3 k cosh ks + F3 k sinh ks) A3 + ( F3 k cosh ks + E3 k sinh ks) A4
+ s cos

R
s
R
s
s
1
sinh A5 + 3 cosh A6 + 2 sin A7
3
a
a
R
a
a
R
s
s
s
1
1
1
cos (1 + S1 ) 2 s sin A8 2 cos A9
R
R
R
R
R
R
+

s
s
s
1
sin (1 + S1 ) + 2 cos A10 = j
R
R
R
R

91

( F3 cosh ks + E3 sinh ks) A3 + ( E3 cosh ks + F3 sinh ks) A4 +

R
s
cosh A5
2
a
a

1
1
s
s
s
s
s
sinh A6 cos A7 ( cos + s1 sin ) A8
2
a
R
R
R
R
R
a
1
s
s s
s
sin + ( s1 cos sin ) A10 = j
R
R
R R
R
(T3 cosh ks + H 3 sinh ks) A3 + ( H 3 cosh ks + T3 sinh ks) A4
+

+ S 2 cos

7.8

s
s
A8 + S 2 sin A10 = W j
R
R

vi vi i i Wi v j v j j j W j
10 1
A1 ~ A10 7.4

6.886.92 vv

Q y = ( EI x +

EI
2

R
EI

)v +

GK T
2

R
EI

EI
R
EI x

EI x + GK T
R

3
4

- EI sW

3
M x = ( EI x + 2 )v
+
EI sW
R
R
4
R
EI
GK T
Tz =
v +
v EI + GK T
R
R
v
B = EI ( + )
R
3
9
3
)
S = EI s ( v + W
4
14
4R

EI
EI
EI + GK T
GK

3
k1n = ( EI x + 2 )v 2T v + x
+ EI sW
R
R
4
R
R

EI
EI
EI

3
k 2 n = ( EI x + 2 )v + x EI sW
R
R
4
R

GK T
EI

k 3n = v
v + EI GK T
R
R

k 4 n = EI ( + )
R

z =0

z =0

z =0

z =0

7.9

92

3
9
3

k 5 n = EI s ( v + W
)
4
14
4 R

z =0

EI
EI
EI + GK T
GK

3
k 6 n = ( EI x + 2 )v + 2T v v + x
EI sW
4
R
R
R
R

EI
EI
EI

3
k 7 n = ( EI x + 2 )v + x EI sW
4
R
R
R

k8n

GK T
EI
= v +
v EI + GK T
R
R

k 9 n = EI ( + )
R

z =s

z =s

7.10

z =s

z=s

3
9
3

)
k10 n = EI s ( v + W
4
14
4 R

z =s

vi 7.87.4
7.10
vi i i Wi v j v j j j W j

7.1.3

7.6 {P}
e

{P}

= Qi

Mi

Ti

Bi

Si

Qj

Mj

Tj

Bj

Sj

7.11

P T q y m z
7.1.3.1

7.4 P i z p

7.4

93

vi = 1

Pv( z p ) + Qi 1 = 0

Qi = Pv( z p )

7.12

v( z p ) = A1 + z p A2 + cosh kz p A3 + sinh kz p A4

+ cosh

zp

A5 + sinh

zp

A6 + cos

zp

A7
a
a
R
zp
zp
zp
A8 + sin
A9 + z p sin
+ z p cos
A10
R
R
R

7.13

A1 , , A10 v( z p ) vi = 1

7.1.3.2

7.5 T i z t

7.5

vi = 1

T ( z t ) + Qi 1 = 0

Qi = T ( z t )

7.14

( z t ) = (F3 cosh kz t + E3 sinh kz t )A3

z
R
cosh t A5
2
a
a
z
z
z
z
z
R
1
1
z
+ 2 sinh t A6 cos t A7 + t cos t + S1 sin t A8 sin t A9
a
R
R
R
R
R
R
a
R
z
z
z

+ S1 cos t t sin t A10

R R
R

+ (E3 cosh kz t + F3 sinh kz t )A4 +

7.15

A3 , , A10 ( z t ) vi = 1

94

7.1.3.3

q y

7.6 z q

7.6

vi = 1
zq
q y v( z )dz + Qi 1 = 0
0

zq
Qi = q y v( z )dz
0

7.16

zq
0

z q2

zq
1
1
sinh kz q A3 + (cosh kz q 1)A4 + a sinh A5
2
R
k
k

zq
zq
zq
zq

+ a cosh 1 A6 + R sin
A7 + R z q sin + R cos 1 A8
R
R
R
a

v( z )dz = z p A1 +

A2 +

7.17

zq
zq
zq

- R cos 1 R z q cos R sin A10

R
R
R

A1 , , A10 vi = 1
7.1.3.4

m z

7.7 z m

7.7

vi = 1


zm
m z ( z )dz + Qi 1 = 0
0

zm
Qi = m z ( z )dz
0

95

7.18

zm

1
[F3 sinh kz m + E3 (cosh kz m 1)]A3
k
1
+ [E3 sinh kz m + F3 (cosh kz m 1)]A4
k
z
z
z
R
R

+ sinh m A5 + cosh m 1 A6 sin m A7

R
a
R
a
a

( z )dz =

7.19

z
z

z m sin m + R cos m 1(1 S1 ) A8

R
R

z
z
z

+ cos m 1 A9 + z m cos m + R sin m ( S1 1) A10

R
R
R

A3 , , A10 vi = 1

7.2

7.2.1

3.5 7.8
S = 0.8 m R =2m E = 3000MPa

= 0.385
P = 0.272 2kN 10 0.08m

7.1 7.8
7.1 7.8

R = 200m 3 3.1
3.6

96

7.1

MPa

-0.234

-0.234

-0.230

-0.337

-0.337

-0.315

-0.423

-0.423

0.417

-0.424

-0.424

-0.410

-0.303

-0.303

-0.300

-0.257

-0.257

-0.246

14

0.688

0.688

0.618

15

0.468

0.468

0.467

16

0.407

0.407

0.415

17

0.402

0.402

0.408

18

0.414

0.414

0.415

-0.268

19

0.453

0.453

0.466

-0.246

-0.256

20

0.661

0.661

0.564

-0.272

-0.272

-0.267

-0.319

-0.319

-0.316

10

-0.397

-0.397

-0.388

11

-0.398

-0.398

-0.399

12

-0.277

-0.277

-0.278

13

-0.246

-0.246

-0.176

7.8

7.2.2

0.4m+0.4m 30 R = 0.7639m E = 3000MPa

= 0.385
P = 0.2722 kN 10

0.04m
7.2 7.9


7.2

97

MPa

-0.056

-0.048

-0.122

-0.114

-0.239

-0.224

-0.240

-0.238

-0.150

-0.132

-0.087

14

0.339

0.309

15

0.167

0.163

16

0.120

0.125

17

0.108

0.116

18

0.126

0.138

-0.089

19

0.179

0.186

-0.065

-0.067

20

0.308

0.284

-0.094

-0.100

-0.141

-0.142

10

-0.219

-0.213

11

-0.219

-0.208

12

-0.098

-0.091

13

-0.073

-0.056

7.2 7.9
x = 0

0.4m+0.4m+0.4m
30 R = 0.7639m E = 3000MPa = 0.385
7.10a
P = 0.2722 kN 7.10b

7.9

98

a)

7.10

b)

(10-2m)

6 12 24
7.3
7.3

MPa

12

24

12

24

-0.040

-0.040

-0.040

12

-0.202

-0.202

-0.202

-0.052

-0.052

-0.052

13

-0.093

-0.093

-0.093

-0.100

-0.100

-0.100

14

-0.056

-0.056

-0.056

-0.220

-0.220

-0.220

15

-0.054

-0.054

-0.054

-0.221

-0.221

-0.221

16

0.356

0.356

0.356

-0.103

-0.103

-0.103

17

0.165

0.165

0.165

-0.057

-0.057

-0.057

18

0.092

0.092

0.092

-0.048

-0.048

-0.048

19

0.079

0.079

0.079

-0.051

-0.051

-0.051

20

0.086

0.086

0.086

10

-0.090

-0.090

-0.090

21

0.152

0.152

0.152

11

-0.201

-0.201

-0.201

22

0.337

0.337

0.337

7.3 6 12 24

99

7.3

101

0.45m+0.45m

8.1
1

8.2

0.45m0.45m R = 0.4297m
= 120

= 60

8.1

8.2 8.3 8.4 E = 2600 MPa = 0.32

8.1

102

8.2

:10-2m

8.3

:10-2m

a)

b)

8.4

10-2m

8.3

8.5 2
11 5 64
8.6

a)

b)

8.5

a)

103

104

b)

8.6

10-2m

8.4
8.4.1

8.7

a)

105

b)

8.7

8mm

0.020.040.32m 2kg 8.8

8.8

5 3
10

8.9

106

8.4.2

8.9

8.4.3

x = E x x x E

8.5

[189]

12

30708

107

8.10
0120
xy60 x
y z

8.10

P=0.172kN
8.1 8.2 8.11 8.14
8.6

MPa
0.070
0.060
0.050
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.000
1

8.11

10

11

108

8.1

-
I-IMPa10-1

0.10779

0.05230

0.08560

0.14821

0.16330

0.15036

0.44879

0.48011

0.47320

0.47293

0.51350

0.50249

0.18010

0.18570

0.19520

0.16002

0.16310

0.16163

0.25666

0.32150

0.28325

0.61649

0.63210

0.28215

0.60084

0.62280

0.62818

10

0.27526

0.26540

0.27114

11

0.21230

0.8220

0.09708

12

-0.67283

-0.76440

-0.71248

13

-0.25000

-0.30210

-0.27918

14

-0.24146

-0.22810

-0.23304

15

-0.40903

-0.41230

-0.37840

16

-0.97103

-1.02300

-0.98858

MPa
0.000
-0.020
-0.040
-0.060
-0.080
-0.100
-0.120
12

13

8.12

14

15

16


8.2

109

-
II-IIMPa10-1

-0.48430

-0.24180

-0.29619

-0.52312

-0.56160

-0.58298

-1.00907

-0.98080

-1.02440

-1.05569

-1.01920

-1.08510

-0.61227

-0.61640

-0.63361

-0.64855

-0.66560

-0.65889

-0.88631

-0.85660

-0.83915

-1.56951

-1.51040

-1.53290

-1.54746

-1.48940

-1.38090

10

-0.95253

-0.98210

-0.96051

11

-0.81290

-1.00020

-0.98124

12

1.46252

1.62500

1.69879

13

0.85430

0.90200

0.92751

14

0.97862

0.95570

0.93211

15

1.40695

1.38200

1.37891

16

2.49873

2.39900

2.33625

MPa
0.000
-0.020
-0.040
-0.060
-0.080
-0.100
-0.120
-0.140
-0.160
-0.180
1

8.13

10

11

110

(MPa)
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
12

13

14

8.14

15

16

q=0.5778kN/m
8.3 8.4 8.15 8.18
8.6

MPa
0.160
0.140
0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000
1

8.15

10

11


8.3

111

-
I-I MPa10-1

0.43861

0.15201

0.18201

0.48211

0.44231

0.49883

1.04842

1.04607

1.10810

1.08080

1.01660

1.07680

0.47203

0.40012

0.42001

0.40587

0.36820

0.37095

0.57330

0.56601

0.59282

1.27068

1.34073

1.29210

1.22343

1.23023

1.32460

10

0.53663

0.42300

0.47210

11

0.37325

0.09930

0.13982

12

-1.64661

-1.55200

-1.45620

13

-0.72066

-0.80321

-0.78633

14

-0.61243

-0.63216

-0.62284

15

-0.85666

-0.81204

-0.80236

16

-1.90161

-2.02330

-2.11149

MPa
0.000

-0.050

-0.100

-0.150

-0.200

-0.250
12

13

8.16

14

15

16

112

8.4

II-II MPa10-1

-0.24231

-0.27300

-0.25563

-0.25456

-0.36400

-0.30210

-0.44583

-0.46420

-0.47109

-0.46645

-0.48430

-0.49025

-0.30118

-0.33300

-0.33293

-0.33034

-0.33760

-0.34820

-0.44040

-0.40320

-0.38219

-0.72748

-0.70100

-0.68528

-0.72052

-0.69010

-0.67109

10

-0.47782

-0.48520

-0.45322

11

-0.41842

-0.39260

-0.41042

12

0.63443

-0.70230

-0.73514

13

0.41745

0.48250

0.46196

14

0.49846

0.52030

0.49626

15

0.70155

0.72980

0.67820

16

1.16712

1.09000

1.06840

(MPa)
0.000
-0.010
-0.020
-0.030
-0.040
-0.050
-0.060
-0.070
-0.080
1

8.17

10

11

113

(MPa)
0.140
0.120
0.100
0.080
0.060
0.040
0.020
0.000
12

13

8.18

14

15

16

1
-
8 4

( x = 0 )

8.6

115

9.1
1.1 b
x = b

7 7.10a
E = 3000MPa = 0.385

9.1.1

9.1a 9.1b
S / 4

a)

9.1

b) S/4

116

9.2a 9.2b
S / 4
2%

9.1.2

a)

b)

9.2

S/4

9.3 = 60 b / S = 0.2

9.3

= 60, b / S = 0.2

117

b f / hw b f hw

9.1.3

9.4 b f / t f b f t f

9.4

9.1.4

= 60, b / S = 0.2

9.5 t f / t w t f t w

9.3 9.5 1

9.1.5

b / S
9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

118

9.5

9.1

b / S
0~100
0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

= 60, b / S = 0.2

120

140

160

1.287

1.203

1.169

1.125

1.025
1.574

1.034
1.455

1.045
1.405

1.149
1.859

1.172
1.733

1.386
2.131
1.676

120

140

160

1.062

1.063

1.065

1.067

1.057
1.342

1.077
1.239

1.074
1.243

1.073
1.248

1.072
1.255

1.198
1.680

1.228
1.613

1.285
1.498

1.276
1.504

1.272
1.510

1.267
1.518

1.414
2.013

1.447
1.963

1.485
1.899

1.563
1.788

1.547
1.794

1.542
1.801

1.535
1.809

1.704

1.737

1.776

1.853

1.839

1.834

1.827

9.2

0~100

b f / hw

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0

0.171
0.195
0.208
0.217
0.227

1.389
1.501
1.561
1.599
1.645

1.194
1.224
1.236
1.243
1.251


9.3

119

b f / t f

2.5
7.5
12.5
17.5
10.0

0.236
0.229
0.214
0.203
0.145

1.682
1.654
1.590
1.538
1.253

1.256
1.252
1.242
1.232
1.143

9.4

t f / t w

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.158
0.181
0.196
0.205
0.212

1.325
1.439
1.505
1.549
1.580

1.172
1.208
1.225
1.234
1.240

k =

14Gn
k
5E

9.2
3 30m R = 150m
13m 2.0m 9.6
C45 E = 33500MPa = 0.2

q = 2 5kN/m P = 2 50kN
9.6 60
1.5m

9.6

10-2m

120

9.2.1

9.7

10-2m

9.7

1 9.8 9.9

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1

9.8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

121

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16

17

18

9.9

19

20

22

21

9.10 9.11 9.18

a)

b)

c)

d)

9.10

122

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1

9.11

10 11 12 13 14 15

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16

17

18

9.12

19

20

21

22

123

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1

9.13

10 11 12 13 14 15

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16

17

18

9.14

19

20

21

22

124

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1

9.15

10 11 12 13 14 15

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16

17

18

9.16

19

20

21

22

125

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1

9.17

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
16

17

18

9.18

9.2.2

19

20

21

22

126

b
9.19 9.20

9.19

9.20

9.2.3

127

1 9.6
b / S b S
9.5 9.6
b

9.5

0.1
0.2
0.3

0.1
0.2
0.3

30

45

60

30

45

60

30

45

60

1.0857
1.3260
1.6400

1.0853
1.3249
1.6383

1.0846
1.3227
1.6345

1.2857
2.0445
2.8713

1.3120
2.1378
3.0249

1.3649
2.3228
3.3231

1.6180
2.1126
2.4894

1.6085
2.1011
2.4795

1.5954
2.0843
2.4636

9.6

30

45

60

30

45

60

30

45

60

1.3605
1.7196
2.0481

1.3575
1.7150
2.0429

1.3529
1.7077
2.0341

1.6571
2.3022
2.8350

1.6824
2.3471
2.8907

1.7246
2.4213
2.9814

1.4707
1.9285
2.3263

1.4630
1.9189
2.3179

1.4522
1.9045
2.3037

2 9.21 9.23
b
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0

0.5

9.21

1.5

2.5

b f/ h w

128

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0

0.5

1.5

9.22

2.5 b f/h w

b
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0

0.5

9.23

1.5

2.5

b f/ h w

3 9.24 9.26

129

b
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
2.5

7.5

10

9.24

12.5

15

17.5 b f/t f

b
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
2.5

7.5

10

9.25

12.5

15

17.5

b f/t f

b
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
2.5

7.5

9.26

10

12.5

15

17.5

b f/t f

130

4 9.27 9.29

b
2.00
1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

9.27

1.2 t f / t w

b
2.00
1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

9.28

0.8

1.2 t f / t w

131

b
2.00
1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

9.29

0.8

1.0

1.2

t f/t w

9.301

9.30a2 9.30b3 9.30c4

9.30d

a)

b)

c)

d)

9.30

9.7

132

9.7

1.1130

1.0858

1.0955

1.0859

1.1481

1.2705

1.1746

1.2712

1.5638

1.6247

1.5991

1.6246

1.4126

1.3623

1.3774

1.3624

1.5046

1.6414

1.5447

1.6417

1.4444

1.4761

1.4603

1.4759

9.3

3
60
5%
4

10

133

10.1
10.1

a)

b)

10.1

134

y3
(
)
u ( x, y ) = hi w( x ) + 1
U
x

(b )

(10.1)

w( x ) U ( x ) b
hi z ( > 0)

[190]

z = y = xz = yz = 0
2 z=0 (
)

u w ( x, z ) = D ( x ) z 2 1 ( x )

( H 1 z 0)

H1
1 (x )
H2

u w ( x, z ) = D ( x ) z 2

(0 z H 2 )

y2
2
u u (x, y ) = D( x ) hu 1 ( x ) 1
(x )
2 2
(b )

u b ( x, y ) = D( x ) hb

y2

( x ) 1 2
H2 1
b
H1

2 ( x )

(10.2)
(10.3)

(10.4)
(10.5)

D( x ) z=0 1 ( x ) 2 ( x )
b hu hb
H 1 H 2

z y xz yz y z xy yz

10.2
10.2.1

135

:
V q = q ( x )w( x )dx
L

VN =

N
2

L
0

w 2 ( x )dx

V M = [M ( x )w( x )]

V V = [V ( x )w( x )]

L
0
L
0

V = V q + V N + V M + V V = q ( x )w( x )dx
L

+ [M ( x )w( x ) V ( x )w(x )]

N
2

L
0

w ( x )dx

(10.6)

L
0

:
2
1 L

EI
w
dx
w
2 0
E I w

(10.7 )

Uw =

fui

1
3
9
9G
I fui E w 2 + wU + U 2 + 2 U 2 dx
0
2
2
14

5b

(10.8)

G I fui = 2t u bhu2 t u
4 :
U

fuo

L
1
3
9
9G

2
I fuo E w 2 + wU + U 2 +
U
dx
2
0
2
2
14
b
5
(

(10.9)

I fuo = 2t u bhu2
:

fb

1 L 2 3
9
9G
I fb E w + wU + U 2 + 2 U 2 dx
0
2
2
14

5b

(10.10)

I fb = 2t b bhb2 t b
:
= U w +U

fui

+U

fuo

+U

fb

+V

L
1 L
1
3
9
2
2
2

+
EI
w
dx
EI
w + wU + U dx
w
s

0
0
2
2
2
14

2
L 9G
L
1
N L
+ I s
U 2 dx qwdx w dx + [Mw Vw]
2
0 5b
0
2
2 0

(10.11)

L
0

136

= 0

L
0

L
3
9
9GI s
3

U Udx
EIw + EI sU + Nw q wdx 0 EI s w + U
4
14
5b 2

EIw + EI sU + Nw + V w
4

3
9

+ EI s w + U U
14
4

L
0

L
0

+ EIw + EI sU + M w
4

L
0

(10.12)

=0

(10.12 ) w( x ) U ( x )

3I s
N
q
U +
w =
EI
EI
4I

6
12 G
w + U 2 U = 0

7
5b E

w +

3
L

EIw + 4 EI sU + Nw + V w 0 = 0

3
L

EIW + 4 EI sU + M w 0 = 0

L
3 9
w
U

U
+
=
0

0
4
14

I s = 2( + 1) t u bhu2 + 2t b bhb2 ; =

2b 1
2
2
+ 1 t u hu + t b hb

I s

(10.13)

(10.14)

(10.15)

I MNV q

N = 0

10.2.2

10.1 N 0 N L N ( x )

L
L
L
L
1
1
1
1
2
AE D 2 dx EB1 D 1dx EB2 D 2 dx + EB3 1 dx
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
L
L
L
L
L
1
1
1
1
2
+ EB4 2 dx + EB5 1 2 dx + GB6 22 dx + GB7 12 dx + ND dx
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2

(10.16)

137

3H
H2

4
2
2
3
3
hb H 1 Ab
H1 H1 + H 2
8
4

; B4 = (Au + Ab )
B3 =
Aw + hu Au +

5H
15
H 22

hb2 H 1 Ab
4 H 12 (H 1 + H 2 )
4 2
4
; B =
(A + Ab ); B7 =
B5 =
h A +
Aw
6
3 u u
3H
H 2
3b 2 u

A = Aw + Au + Ab ; Aw = 2t w H ; Ab = 2t b b; Au = Aui + Auo

Auo
Aui = 2t u b; Auo = 2t u b; Au = Aui + 2

B1 =

2 H 1 H 12 + H 22 Aw

+ 2h Au +
2
u

2hb2 Ab H 1

; B2 =

4
(A + Ab )
3 u

(10.17 )

10.1
D( x ) 1 ( x ) 2 ( x )

1
1

EB1 1 EB2 2 + N ( x ) = 0
2
2

1
1

EB3 1 EB1 D + EB5 2 GB7 1 = 0

2
2

1
1

EB4 2 EB2 D + EB5 1 GB6 2 = 0

2
2

(10.18)

=0

L
= 0
0

(10.19)

AED

1
1

EB3 1 2 EB1 D + 2 EB5 2 1

1
1

EB4 2 2 EB2 D + 2 EB5 1 2

L
0

10.3
10.3.1

D (10.13)

3I
q
4 N 2
D w + s D 3U =
D +
EI
EI
4I

6 2 12G
3

D w+ D
U =0
2

7
Eb
5

(10.20)

138

(D

nq k 2 q

EI
N

6
4
2
3 q

D k1 D k 2 D U = D

EI

(10.21)

5b 2 N 2

m
; k1 = 1

14 GI

14 Gn

m=

5 Eb 2

(10.22)

k1 D 4 k 2 D 2 w = D 2

7I
n = 1 / 1 s
8I

N 2
k2 =
m ;
EI

q(x) (10.21)

w( x ) = A1 + A2 x + A3 cosh 1 x + A4 sinh 1 x + A5 cos 2 x

+ A6 sin 2 x +

q 2
x
2N

U ( x ) = I 4 ( A4 cosh 1 x + A3 sinh 1 x ) + I 6 ( A6 cos 2 x A5 sin 2 x )

(10.23)
(10.24)

2
2
k1
k1
k1
k1
+ + k2 ; 2 = + + k2
1 =

2
2
2
2

4 EI 22 N
4 EI 12 + N
I4 =
; I6 =

3 I s 2 E
3 I s 1 E

(10.25)

(10.23) (10.24 ) A1 , A2 , , A6

w = 0, w =

nM ( x )
7nM ( x )
, U =
EI
6 EI

(10.26)

w = 0, w = 0, U = 0

(10.27 )

w =

nM ( x )
7nM (x )
3
, U =
, EIw + EI sU + Nw + V = 0
EI
6 EI
4

(10.28)

139

w = 0, U = 0, EIw +

(10.29)

3
EI sU + V = 0
4

=0
x1

x2

9
3
= 0; w + U = 0
14 x
4

w1 = w2 , w1 = w2 ,U 1 = U 2 ; EIw + EI sU + M ( x)
4

EI
w
EI sU + Nw + V ( x )
+

x2

x1

x2

(10.30)

1 2 x1 x 2
x

xi

10.3.2

y3

(
)
= Ehi w + 1
U
x

(b )

(10.31)

(10.18)
D ( x ) =

B1
B
N (x )
1( x ) + 2 1( x )
2A
2A
EA

(10.32)

D ( x ) =

B1
B
N ( x )
1( x ) + 2 2( x )
2A
2A
EA

(10.33)

(10.33) (10.18)

N (x )B1
2 A

N ( x )B2

Z 2 1 ( x ) + Z 4 2 ( x ) Z 5 2 ( x ) =
2 A

(10.34)

B2
B B
1
Z 1 = EB3 1 1 , Z 2 = EB5 1 1 2
2
2 AB5
4 AB3

B22
, Z 5 = GB6
Z 3 = GB7 , Z 4 = EB4 1

4 AB4

(10.35)

Z 1 1( x ) + Z 2 2( x ) Z 3 1 ( x ) =

N(x)(10.34)

140

1 ( x ) = F1 sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x + F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x

2 ( x ) = N 1 (F1 sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x ) + N 2 (F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x )

(10.36)
(10.37 )

2
R2
R3


1 =

R
R1
2 R1
2
1

2
R1 = Z 1 Z 4 Z 2 , R2 = Z 1 Z 5 + Z 3 Z 4 , R3 = Z 3 Z 5

Z 112 Z 3 Z 212
Z 1 22 Z 3 Z 2 22

N1 =
, N2 =
2
2
2
2

Z 4 1 Z 5 Z 2 1
Z 4 2 Z 5 Z 2 2

R
R
+ 2 3 ; 2 =
R1
2 R1
2 R1
R2

R2

(10.38)

(10.36 ) (10.37 ) F1 , F2 , F3 , F4
:

1 (x ) = 0, 2 (x ) = 0

(10.39)

N
(Z 2 B2 Z 4 B1 )
2 R1 A

N
(Z 2 B1 Z1 B2 )
2 ( x ) =

2 R1 A

(10.40)

1( x ) =

(x ) =

(x ) , (x ) =

1 (x ) 1 ( x ) =

N N
2 R1 A

2 (x ) 2 ( x ) =

N N
2 R1 A

(x )

(Z 2 B2 Z 4 B1 )

(Z 2 B1 Z1 B2 )

(10.41)

1 ( x ) 2 ( x ) F1 F4 (10.18)
D( x )

wu =

B
N B1

+
z 2 1 + 2 2 E
2A
A 2 A

( H 1 z 0)

(10.42)

wd =

141

B
N B1 H 1 2
z 1 + 2 2 E
+

2A
A 2 A H 2

(0 z H 2 )

(10.43)

ui =

B
y2
N B1

+
hu2 1 + ( 2 1 + 2 ) 2 E
A 2 A
2A
b

(10.44)

uo =

B
y2
N B1

) 2 E
+
hu2 1 + ( 2 1 +
2
A 2 A
2A
(b)

(10.45)

b =

H
B
N B1
y2
+
hb2 1 1 + ( 2 1 + 2 ) 2 E
H2
2A
A 2 A
b

(10.46)

10.4
10.4.1

(10.13) w( x ) U ( x )

w( x ) = A1 + A2 x + A3 cosh 1 x + A4 sinh 1 x + A5 cos 2 x + A6 sin 2 x

(10.47 )

U ( x ) = I 4 ( A4 cosh 1 x + A3 sinh 1 x) + I 6 ( A6 cos 2 x A5 sin 2 x)

(10.48)

e ( 10.2)

{ } 1

= wi

wi U i

10.2

wj

wj

Uj

(10.49)

142

x=0

w(0 ) = wi , w(0) = wi , U (0) = U i

(10.50)

x = l
w(l ) = w j , w(l ) = wj , U (l ) = U j

(10.51)

(10.47 ) (10.48)

A1 + A3 + A5 = wi ;

A2 + 1 A4 + 2 A6 = wi ; I 4 A4 + I 6 A6 = U i

A1 + lA2 + cosh 1lA3 + sinh 1lA4 + cos 2 lA5 + sin 2 lA6 = w j

A2 + 1 sinh 1lA3 + 1 cosh 1lA4 2 sin 2 lA5 + 2 cos 2 lA6 = wj

I 4 sinh 1lA3 + I 4 cosh 1lA4 I 6 sin 2 lA5 + I 6 cos 2 lA6 = U j

(10.52)

A1 , A2 , , A6 (10.47 ) (10.48)

w( x ) = [S ]{ } 1 ; U ( x ) = [n]{ } 1
e

(10.53)

{ } 1 [S ] [n] w( x ) U ( x )
e

[S ] = [ S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6 ] ,

[n] = [n1

n2

n3

n4

n5

n6 ]

(10.53)

10.4.2

(10.36 ) (10.37 ) (10.33)

D( x ) = N 3 (F sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x ) + N 4 (F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x )
+ F5 x + F6

(10.54)

N3 =

B1 + N 1 B2
B + N 2 B2
, N4 = 1
2A
2A

(10.55)

(10.18)

143

D( x ) = N 3 (F1 sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x ) + N 4 (F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x ) + F5 x + F6

1 ( x ) = F1 sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x + F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x

(10.56 )

2 ( x ) = N 1 ( F1 sinh 1 x + F2 cosh 1 x ) + N 2 ( F3 sinh 2 x + F4 cosh 2 x )

10.3

{ } 2 = [Di i1 i 2
e

10.3

j1 j 2 ]

Dj

(10.57 )

D( x ) = [d ]{ } 2 ; 1 ( x ) = [ f ]{ } 2 ; 2 ( x ) = [g ]{ } 2
e

(10.58)

{ } 2 [d ] [ f ] [g ] D( x ) 1 ( x ) 2 ( x )
e

[d ] = [d1

d2

d3

[ g ] = [ g1

g5

g6 ]

g2

g3

g4

d4

d5

d 6 ] , [ f ] = [ f1

f2

f3

f4

f5

f6 ] ,

(10.58)

10.5
10.5.1

l
3EI s l
9 EI s
1
EI w 2 dx +
wU dx +

0
2
4 0
28
l
N l 2
w dx q( x )wdx
0
2 0

1 =

U dx +
0

9 I s G l 2
U dx
10b 2 0

(10.59)

144

(10.53) (10.59 )
l
eT
e
eT
e
3EI s l
1
T

{
}
[
]
[
]
{
}
EI { } 1 [S ] T [S ]{ } 1 dx +

S
n

dx
1
1
0
4 0
2
eT
e
eT
e
9 EI s l
9 I s G l
T
T

{
}
{
}
{
}
{
}
+

n
n

dx
+

n
n

dx
[
]
[
]
[
]
[
]
2

1
1
1
1
0
28 0
10b
l
eT
e
eT
N l
{ } 1 [S ] T [S ]{ } 1 dx { } 1 [S ] T {q( x )}dx
0
2 0

1 =

(10.60)

[k ] 1 { } 1 = {P} 1
e

(10.61)

[k ] 1
e

[k ] 1 = EI 0 [S ] T [S ]dx + 3EI s 0 {[S ] T [n] + [n] T [S ]}dx

e

9 I s G l T
N
0 [n] [n]dx + 5b 2 0 [n] [n]dx 2

9 EI s
+
14

[S ] [S ]dx
l

(10.62)

[k ] 1

k11

k12
k 22

k13
k 23

k14
k 24

k15
k 25

k 33

k 34
k 44

k 35
k 45

k 55

k16
k 26
k 36

k 46
k 56

k 66

(10.63)

k ij = Fij + Rij + Qij + H ij Tij ; Fij = EI [S i] S j dx

0

3EI s l

{ [S i] n j + S j [ni ] }dx
Rij =
(i, j = 1,2,3,4,5,6)

0
4

9 EI s l
N l

Qij =
[ni ] nj dx ; Tij = 0 [S i ] S j dx

0
14
2

[ ]

[ ][ ]

[ ]

(10.64)

[ ]

{P} 1
e

{P} 1 = 0 [S ] T {q(x )}dx

e

(10.65)

10.5.2

145

l
l
l
1
1
1
EA D 2 dx EB1 D 1dx EB2 D 2 dx
0
0
0
2
2
2
l
l
l
1
1
1
+ EB3 1 2 dx + EB4 2 2 dx + EB5 1 2 dx
0
0
0
2
2
2
l
l
l
1
1
+ GB6 22 dx + GB7 12 dx + N ( X ) D dx
0
0
0
2
2

2 =

10.66

10.5810.66
l
l
eT
e
eT
e
1
1
EA { } 2 [d ] T [d ]{ } 2 dx EB1 { } 2 [d ] T [ f ]{ } 2 dx
0
0
2
2
l
l
e
e
eT
eT
1
1
EB2 { } 2 [d ] T [ g ]{ } 2 dx + EB3 { } 2 [ f ] T [ f ]{ } 2 dx
0
0
2
2
l
l
eT
e
eT
e
1
1
+ EB4 { } 2 [g ] T [ g ]{ } 2 dx + EB5 { } 2 [ f ] T [ g ]{ } 2 dx
0
0
2
2
l
l
eT
e
eT
e
1
1
+ GB6 { } 2 [g ] T [ g ]{ } 2 dx + GB7 { } 2 [ f ] T [ f ]{ } 2 dx
0
0
2
2

2 =

10.67

{ } 2 [d ]T {q( x)} dx
eT

[k ]

e
2

{ } 2 = {P} 2
e

10.68

[k ]e2
l

[k ]e2 = EA [d ] T [d ]dx 0

l
1
EB1 [d ] T [ f ] + [ f ] T [d ] dx
0
2

+ EB3 [ f ] T [ f ] dx + EB4 [ g ] T [ g ]
0

l
1
+ EB5 [ f ] T [ g ] + [ g ] T [ f ] dx + GB6 [ g ] T [ g ] dx
0
0
2
l

10.69

+ GB7 [ f ] T [ f ]dx
0

kij {P} 2
e

{P} 2 = 0 [d ] T {N ( x)} dx
e

10.70

146

10.5.3

10.6110.68

:
e
N
+ Ez[ S ]{ } 1
A
B

B
e

+ E 1 z 2 [ f ] + 2 [ g ]{ } 2
2A

2 A

wu =

10.71

( H 1 z 0)

e
N
+ Ez[ S ]{ } 1
A
B

H
B
e
+ E 1 1 z 2 [ f ] + 2 [ g ]{ } 2
2A
2 A H 2

wd =

10.72
(0 z H 2 )

N
y3
= + Ehu [ S ] + 1 3 [n ]{ } 1
A
b

i
u

e
B

y2
+ E 1 hu2 [ f ] + 2 1 + 2 [ g ] { } 2
b

2A
2 A

10.73

uo =

y3
N
[n ] { } 1
+ Ehu [ S ] + 1
3
A
(b)

B
y2
+ E 1 hu2 [ f ] + 2 1 +
(b) 2

2A
2 A

[ g ] { } 2

10.74

b =

N
y3
+ Ehb [ S ] + 1 3 [n] { } 1
A
b

B1 H 1 2

e
B2
y2

+ E

1 + 2 [ g ]{ } 2
hb [ f ] +
b
2 A H 2

2A

10.75

10.6

1
2

147

3
10.4 0.8m 10.5 L/83L/16 L/2

YJ-16
= 0.385
E=3000MPa

a) 10-2m

b) 10-2m

10.4

10.5

10-2m

148

10.7

Fortran-77
32 33
42
29
10.1 10.4
10.1 10.2 I II L/8
3L/16 10.3 I II
10.4 I II

10.1

I MPa

-0.1346

-0.0937

-0.1346

-0.1073

-0.1605

-0.1373

-0.1605

-0.1540

-0.1483

-0.1293

-0.1483

-0.1379

-0.1663

-0.1530

-0.1663

-0.1617

-0.1891

-0.1814

-0.1891

-0.1862

-0.1836

-0.1763

-0.1836

-0.1883

-0.2110

-0.2047

-0.2110

-0.1929

-0.1849

-0.1929

-0.2110

-0.2063

-0.2110

-0.1929

-0.1864

-0.1929

-0.1891

-0.1872

-0.1891

-0.1904

-0.1836

-0.1817

-0.1836

-0.1918

-0.1482

-0.1489

-0.1482

-0.1533

-0.1663

-0.1695

-0.1663

-0.1771

-0.1346

-0.1363

-0.1346

-0.1379

-0.1605

-0.1643

-0.1605

-0.1582

9
10

-0.2430

-0.0875

-0.2430

-0.2422

-0.2025

-0.1428

-0.2025

-0.2149

-0.2320

-0.2382

-0.2320

-0.2282

-0.1992

-0.2002

-0.1992

-0.2072

11

-0.1959

-0.1970

-0.1959

-0.1883

-0.1906

-0.1883

12

-0.1741

-0.1728

-0.1741

-0.1740

-0.1791

-0.1804

-0.1791

-0.1743

13

-0.1331

-0.1324

-0.1331

-0.1260

-0.1617

-0.1632

-0.1617

-0.1652

14

-0.1195

-0.1209

-0.1195

-0.1190

-0.1559

-0.1567

-0.1559

-0.1568

x = 0.1m

x = 0.15m


10.2

149

II MPa

-0.1254

-0.0717

-0.1254

-0.0910

-0.1589

-0.1231

-0.1589

-0.1316

-0.1518

-0.1323

-0.1518

-0.1512

-0.1724

-0.1588

-0.1724

-0.1792

-0.2312

-0.2275

-0.2312

-0.2562

-0.2124

-0.2076

-0.2124

-0.2184

-0.2572

-0.2557

-0.2572

-0.2256

-0.2185

-0.2256

-0.2572

-0.2570

-0.2572

-0.2256

-0.2200

-0.2256

-0.2312

-0.2315

-0.2312

-0.2520

-0.2124

-0.2125

-0.2124

-0.2212

-0.1518

-0.1532

-0.1518

-0.1610

-0.1724

-0.1810

-0.1724

-0.1918

-0.1254

-0.1297

-0.1254

-0.1302

-0.1589

-0.1677

-0.1589

-0.1652

9
10

-0.3015

-0.0948

-0.3015

-0.3038

-0.2395

-0.1661

-0.2395

-0.2380

-0.2847

-0.2831

-0.2847

-0.2884

-0.2343

-0.2352

-0.2343

-0.2282

11

-0.2337

-0.2334

-0.2337

-0.2183

-0.2141

-0.2183

12

-0.2077

-0.2031

-0.2077

-0.2030

-0.2050

-0.2034

-0.2050

-0.2030

13

-0.1283

-0.1280

-0.1283

-0.1246

-0.1649

-0.1642

-0.1649

-0.1624

14

-0.1019

-0.1093

-0.1019

-0.1050

-0.1516

-0.1502

-0.1516

-0.1512

x = 0.1m

x = 0.15m

10.3

MPa

II

-0.3821

-0.3540

-0.3821

-0.3640

-0.6644

-0.5788

-0.6644

-0.6510

-0.3909

-0.3844

-0.3909

-0.3924

-0.6941

-0.6667

-0.6941

-0.7449

-0.4520

-0.4431

-0.4520

-0.4634

-0.8984

-0.8605

-0.8984

-0.9072

-0.4978

-0.4943

-0.4978

-0.9895

-0.9829

-0.9895

-0.4978

-0.4953

-0.4978

-0.9895

-0.9855

-0.9895

-0.4520

-0.4476

-0.4520

-0.4666

-0.8984

-0.8705

-0.8984

-0.9138

-0.3909

-0.3999

-0.3909

-0.4163

-0.6941

-0.7118

-0.6941

-0.7770

-0.3821

-0.3889

-0.3821

-0.3985

-0.6644

-0.6802

-0.6644

-0.6909

11

0.4879

0.4590

0.4879

1.1546

1.0630

1.1546

12

0.4132

0.3855

0.4132

0.4043

1.0019

0.9972

1.0019

0.9770

13

0.3138

0.3190

0.3138

0.3002

0.6599

0.6511

0.6599

0.6532

14

0.2997

0.3000

0.2997

0.2865

0.6115

0.5963

0.6115

0.5724

N=0.4748kN P=0.2119kN

N=0.9153kN P=0.5349kN

150
10.4

N=0.687kN q=0.666kN/m

II

N=0.6693kN q=0.597kN/m

-0.5507

-0.5381

-0.5507

-0.5502

-0.3887

-0.3623

-0.3887

-0.3857

-0.5529

-0.5506

-0.5529

-0.5719

-0.3923

-0.3796

-0.3923

-0.3976

-0.5681

-0.5723

-0.5681

-0.6048

-0.4156

-0.4100

-0.4156

-0.4361

-0.5794

-0.5821

-0.5794

-0.4258

-0.4181

-0.4258

-0.5794

-0.5828

-0.5794

-0.4258

-0.4193

-0.4258

-0.5681

-0.5759

-0.5681

-0.6146

-0.4156

-0.4142

-0.4156

-0.4284

-0.5529

-0.5615

-0.5529

-0.5845

-0.3923

-0.3967

-0.3923

-0.3949

-0.5507

-0.5559

-0.5507

-0.5803

-0.3887

-0.3908

-0.3887

-0.3843

11

0.4752

0.4776

0.4752

0.3390

0.3268

0.3390

12

0.4573

0.4645

0.4573

0.4605

0.3228

0.3118

0.3228

0.3101

13

0.4335

0.4400

0.4335

0.4316

0.2871

0.2818

0.2871

0.2849

14

0.4302

0.4298

0.4302

0.4106

0.2822

0.2719

0.2822

0.2706

MPa

10.8

10.76

e y=b s z=0

N M

= N M
10.77
A W
10.76

N N NM M
N M

10.78

AW NM N M
N NM

151

N/NcrNcr b/L

10.8.1

10.6 10.7 L/4 eN

N/Ncrb/L eN
L/4

10.6

N L/4
e

10.7

N
e

10.8

a)

b)

10.8

e
N

152

2b DIN-1075
[162][162]
26.5 10.9

a)

b)

10.9

bn

10.5

10.5

b/L

0.1

0.2

0.3

L/16
L/8
3L/16
L/4
5L/16
3L/8
7L/16
L/2

1.55
1.26
1.11
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.00

2.20
1.40
1.15
1.06
1.02
1.01
1.00
1.00

10.8.2

e
N

s
N

1.69
1.55
1.39
1.27
1.18
1.13
1.10
1.09

3.26
2.20
1.68
1.41
1.26
1.17
1.13
1.12

e
N

s
N

0.4

1.72
1.67
1.57
1.48
1.39
1.34
1.30
1.29

3.85
2.84
2.24
1.87
1.64
1.50
1.43
1.41

e
N

s
N

0.5

1.76
1.73
1.69
1.63
1.58
1.54
1.51
1.50

4.22
3.32
2.72
2.32
2.06
1.90
1.81
1.78

e
N

s
N

sN

1.80
1.77
1.76
1.74
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.67

4.53
3.73
3.16
2.77
2.49
2.32
2.22
2.19

e
N

10.10 L/4
10.11 L/4

153

a) L/4

b)

10.10

NM
e

a) L/4

10.11

b)

NM
e

154

10.8.3

N/Ncr b/L 10.6

10.6

10.9

b/L

N/Ncr

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0

1.28

1.00

1.57

1.10

1.85

1.32

2.13

1.61

0.1

1.10

1.04

1.28

1.24

1.53

1.47

1.79

1.68

0.2

1.10

1.04

1.28

1.25

1.56

1.51

1.87

1.76

0.3

1.10

1.05

1.30

1.28

1.62

1.57

2.03

1.91

0.4

1.11

1.05

1.32

1.31

1.74

1.68

2.43

2.25

0.5

1.11

1.06

1.38

1.36

2.03

1.94

4.41

3.91

0.0

1.06

1.08

1.23

1.28

1.48

1.55

1.77

1.85

0.1

1.03

1.06

1.16

1.27

1.40

1.53

1.68

1.76

0.2

1.03

1.06

1.18

1.30

1.45

1.57

1.79

1.84

0.3

1.04

1.06

1.21

1.32

1.54

1.63

1.98

2.00

0.4

1.05

1.07

1.25

1.35

1.68

1.75

2.44

2.36

0.5

1.06

1.08

1.32

1.40

2.02

2.01

4.70

4.13

155

N/Ncrb/L

157

Vlasov

c
P-

158

60

159

8 2b
DIN-1075

161

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