Family: Adenoviridae

Common Name: Adenovirus

Virus: Adenovirus
Belong to the genus Mastadenovirus
Characteristics:
70 nm non envelope icosahedral
symmetry viruses
double stranded DNA.
has 49 distinct serotypes (six sub genera: A
through F). Half are asymptomatic.
SUBGENERA
Subgenus A comprises of adenovirus
serotypes which are highly oncogenic ie.
causing tumors in every animal within 2
months
Subgenus B adenoviruses are weakly
oncogenic, meaning that few of the animals
developed tumors after an observation
period of one year.
Subgenus C & D are non oncogenic
adenoviruses which can transform rodent
cells in vitro. They are divided into subgenera C and D on the basis of
differences in the antigenicity of the early antigen
Subgenera E & F: Their classification was made by SDS- PAGE of virion
polypeptides and a further 2 subgenera were defined. (subgenus E - Ad4,
subgenus F - Ad40, 41)
Causes about 10% of all pneumonia and 5 to 15 % of all gastroenteritis in
children.
Adenovirus infections occur throughout the year and strike every age group.
Transmission:
thru aerosols,
thru fomites
the oral-fecal route
personal contact.
Site of latency: Replication in oropharynx
ADENOVIRIDAE
Adenoviruses type 40 and 41 are called enteric adenoviruses because they
cause epidemics of gastroenteritis in young children. Also serotype 40 and 41
are most frequently associated with infectious diarrhea.
Disease:
Diarrhea is said to be the prominent
feature of the illness.
Pharyngitis,
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Pneumonia
keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Disseminated disease
Gastroenteritis in children
Enteric adenoviruses have a worldwide,
endemic distribution, and numbers of cases
increase during the warmer month.
These viruses cannot be cultivated on cell lines
traditionally used for isolation of adenoviruses
and have therefore been called very fastidious.

Diagnosis:
adenoviruses are stable and can be
isolated in Graham 293, a human
embryonic kidney cell line and many continuous epithelial cell lines.
Isolates can be identified by FA (fluorescent antibody) and EIA (polyclonal
antigen body based enzyme immunoassay) but they cannot be serotyped
by these.
Serotyping is accomplished by serum neutralization or hemagglutination
inhibition.
Treatment: Supportive
Prevention: Vaccine (adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7) for military recruits