A Brief Introduction for Designing a Patch Antenna Using CST
1. Accessing CST MWS
a. From start menu select Programs > CST STUDIO SUITE 2006 > CST DESIGN ENVION!ENT ". T#e ma$n %$n&o% s#o%n $n F$g. ' %$ll "e o(ene& c. From t#e ma$n %$n&o% cl$c) on *CST !$cro%a+e Stu&$o, $con t#en cl$c) O- F$g. ' CST ma$n %$n&o% &. . ne% (o(/u( %$n&o% calle& *Create a Ne% (ro0ect, %$ll a((ear1 2rom t#$s %$n&o% t#at s#o%n $n F$g. 2 3ou can select t#e t3(e o2 (ro0ect 3ou are %or)$ng on1 $.e. .ntenna 4on (lanar su"strate5 $n case o2 &es$gn$ng a Click Here then click OK m$crostr$( (atc# antenna or .ntenna $n 2ree s(ace $n case o2 &es$gn$ng a &$(ole or a mono(ole. Note: the purpose from selecting the project type is to adjust the boundary condition automatically, if you dont like this you can select None and you can adjust the boundary conditions later.
F$g. 2 Create ne% (ro0ect %$n&o% e. .2ter cl$c) on O- t#e ma$n la3out %$n&o% %$ll a((ear as s#o%n $n F$g. 6. No% %e nee& to g$+e a name to t#e (ro0ect an& sa+e $t. 2. From !a$n !enu select > F$le > Sa+e as1 no% 3ou s#oul& %r$te t#e name o2 3our (ro0ect $n t#e s(ec$2$e& area e.g. *ectangular Patc#, as s#o%n $n F$g. 7
F$g. 6 !a$n 8a3out %$n&o%
F$g. 7 Sa+$ng t#e %or)$ng (ro0ect Write the project name here 2. Rectangular patch antenna design Step 1 specifying the project units From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > Un$ts1 t#en 2rom t#e un$ts %$n&o% select t#e &$mens$ons to "e $n mm1 Fre9uenc3 $n G:; an& t$me to "e $n ns as s#o%n $n F$g.<.
F$g. < !a$n un$ts &e2$n$t$on Step 2 Assigning the Background aterial From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > =ac)groun& !ater$al1 No% a ne% %$n&o% calle& *=ac)groun& (ro(ert$es, %$ll (o( u(. C#oose !ater$al t3(e to "e normal an& )ee( all ot#er (arameters as t#e &e2aults as s#o%n $n F$g. 6
F$g. 6 =ac)groun& mater$al &e2$n$t$on Step ! Antenna su"strate definition From ma$n menu select > O"0ects > =as$c S#a(es > =r$c)1 T#en &ou"le cl$c) on t#e %or)$ng area an& &rag t#e mouse an& &ou"le cl$c) aga$n to en& t#e &ra%$ng mo&e. No% a ne% %$n&o% calle& *=r$c), %$ll a((ear1 2rom t#$s %$n&o% t#at s#o%n $n F$g.> 3ou can a&0ust t#e re9u$re& &$mens$ons o2 t#e su"strate1 $ts name an& $ts mater$al. In t#$s (ro0ect %e nee& to a&0ust t#e su"strate &$mens$ons to "e '00?'00 mm 2 "3 c#ang$ng Xmin to "e /<0 an& Xmax to "e <0 an& min to "e /<0 an& max to "e <0. .n& $n t#$s e@am(le %e %$ll c#oose t#e t#$c)ness o2 t#e su"strate to "e '.<>< mm1 so c#ange !min to "e /'.<>< an& !max to "e 0. For t#e su"strate mater$al %e nee& to c#ange $t to T <AA0 4B r C2.25 to &o t#at cl$c) on t#e mater$al select "o@ an& c#oose *8oa& 2rom mater$al l$"rar3, t#en select t#e mater$al state& "e2ore as s#o%n $n F$g.A
F$g. > Su"strate &e2$n$t$on
F$g. A C#ang$ng t#e !ater$al o2 t#e su"strate to T <AA0 Click here to assign the substrate material Click here to change the dimension s Step # Antenna ground definition For t#e antenna groun& 3ou nee& to create anot#er "r$c) *same as state& "e2ore, %$t# a +er3 t#$n t#$c)ness 4I c#oose $t to "e 0.' mm5 as s#o%n $n F$g.D an& c#ange $ts mater$al to "e co((er
F$g. D .&&$ng t#e groun& (lane o2 t#e antenna Step $ %ra&ing the radiating patch To &ra% a rectangular (atc# create anot#er "r$c) %$t# t#e 2ollo%$ng (arameters Xmin C 4/7D.7E251 Xmax C 47D.7E25 an& min C 4/7'.6E251 max C 47'.6E25. .n& !min C 01 !max C 0.' an& ass$gn $ts mater$al to "e co((er as s#o%n $n F$g.'0.
Step ' %ra&ing inset feed slot Create a "r$c) %$t# t#e 2ollo%$ng (arameters Xmin C 4/7'.6E251 Xmax C 4/ 7'.6E2 F'7.<5 an& min C /6.<1 max C 6.<. .n& !min C 01 !max C 0.' an& ass$gn $ts mater$al to "e co((er as s#o%n $n F$g.''.
F$g. '0 Dra%$ng t#e ra&$ator (atc# F$g.'' Dra%$ng t#e $nset 2ee& slot Step ( Cutting the inset feed slot fro the patch a. From t#e le2t (ane cl$c) on *Coponent1) to s#o% all t#e com(onents o2 3our (ro0ects ". Cl$c) on (atc# to select $t c. Cl$c) on *=oolean su"tract 4/5, $con 2rom t#e tool"ar1 see F$g.'2 &. No%1 cl$c) on slot an& (ress enter )e31 see F$g. '6 e. Gou s#oul& no% see somet#$ng loo)s l$)e F$g.'7 F$g. '2 Cutt$ng t#e $nset 2ee& slot 2rom t#e (atc# 4a1"1c5 Boolean subtract icon Select Patch F$g. '6 Cutt$ng t#e $nset 2ee& slot 2rom t#e (atc# 4&5 F$g. '7 Cutt$ng t#e $nset 2ee& slot 2rom t#e (atc# 4e5 Select slot Step * %ra&ing the $+ oh feed line Create a "r$c) %$t# t#e 2ollo%$ng (arameters Xmin C 4/7.A<E251 Xmax C 47.A<E25 an& min C /<01 max C 0. .n& !min C 01 !max C 0.' an& ass$gn $ts mater$al to "e co((er as s#o%n $n F$g.'<. F$g.'< Dra%$ng t#e <0 o#m 2ee& l$ne Step , Merging the feed line &ith the patch a. From t#e le2t (ane un&er "omponent # su"/menu cl$c) on $eedline t#en #ol& t#e ctrl )e3 $n t#e )e3"oar& an& cl$c) on %atch to select "ot# o2 t#em ". From t#e tool"ar cl$c) on *=oolean a&& 4F5,1 see F$g.'6 c. No% t#e3 are merge& toget#er an& "ecome one com(onent as s#o%n $n F$g.'> F$g.'6 !erg$ng t#e 2ee& l$ne %$t# t#e (atc# Boolean Add icon Select feedline and Patch F$g.'> T#e 2ee& l$ne an& t#e (atc# a2ter merg$ng Step 1+ %efining the &a-e port for the antenna a. From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > %a+egu$&e (orts or "3 cl$c) on %a+egu$&e (orts $con $n t#e tool"ar ". From t#e &a'eguide (ort %$n&o% select Normal to "e c. Select 2ree $n t#e (os$t$on "o@ an& enter t#e 2ollo%$ng &$mens$ons 2or t#e %a+e (ort H Xmin C /201 Xmax C 20 an& !min C /'.<><1 !max C '0 &. C#ec) *2ree normal (os$t$on, $n (os$t$on "o@ an& c#ange pos to be ()* as s#o%n $n F$g.'A e. .2ter 3ou cl$c) o) 3ou s#oul& see (ort ' &e2$ne& as s#o%n $n F$g.'D
F$g.'A De2$n$t$on o2 t#e %a+e (ort F$g.'D De2$n$t$on o2 t#e %a+e (ort Select Y Select ree Check free normal position Step 11 %efining the siulation fre.uency range a. From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > Fre9uenc3 or "3 cl$c) on 2re9uenc3 range $con $n t#e tool"ar ". Enter t#e 2re9uenc3 range o2 3our s$mulat$on as $min C'1 $maxC< t#en cl$c) o) F$g.20 De2$n$t$on s$mulat$on 2re9uenc3 range Step 12 Adding radiation pattern and surface current to your siulation results a. From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > F$el& !on$tors or "3 cl$c) on 2$el& mon$tors $con $n t#e tool"ar ". From !on$tor %$n&o% select $arfield+,"- 2or (lott$ng t#e ra&$at$on (attern an& t3(e t#e mon$tor$ng 2re9uenc3 4$n t#$s e@am(le $t $s 2.7 G:;5 t#en cl$c) a((l3 as s#o%n $n F$g.2' c. To (lot t#e sur2ace current &$str$"ut$on select .(field+-urface current an& t3(e t#e mon$tor$ng 2re9uenc3 t#en cl$c) a((l3
F$g.2' .&&$ng ra&$at$on (attern4s5 an& sur2ace current to t#e s$mulat$on results !onitoring fre"uenc# ield monitor icon Step 1! Running the siulation a. From ma$n menu select > Sol+e > Trans$ent sol+er or "3 cl$c) on Trans$ent sol+er $con $n t#e tool"ar ". Form trans$ent sol+er %$n&o% 3ou can a&0ust t#e sol+er accurac3 *t#e error marg$n, $n t#$s e@am(le I c#oose $t to "e /60 &= t#en cl$c) start as s#o%n $n F$g.22 F$g.22 unn$ng t#e trans$ent sol+er Notes: #. /ncreasing the accuracy resulting in slo&er simulation 0. 1here are more sol'ers in "-1 package like fre2uency domain sol'er and eigen mode sol'er but in this example &e choose only the transient sol'er to be presented $ransient sol%er icon Step 1# %isplaying the siulation results a. To s#o% t#e S/ (arameter cur+es 4$.e. l$near1 &=1 (#ase1 sm$t# c#art1I.. 5 go to t#e le2t (ane t#en cl$c) on #3 ,esults t#en select t#e cur+e 3ou %ant to &$s(la3 as s#o%n $n F$g.26 ". To s#o% t#e current &$str$"ut$on (lots go to t#e le2t (ane t#en cl$c) on 03+43 ,esults t#en select Sur2ace current > #/2$el&s as s#o%n $n F$g.27 c. To s#o% t#e ra&$at$on (attern4s5 (lots go to t#e le2t (ane t#en cl$c) on 03+43 ,esults t#en select Far2$el&s > 2ar2$el& 42C2.75 as s#o%n $n F$g.2< F$g.26 D$s(la3$ng S/(arameter cur+es &ispla# S '' in dB F$g.26 D$s(la3$ng current &$str$"ut$on (lots &ispla# the current distributi on F$g.27 D$s(la3$ng ra&$at$on (atterns (lots &ispla# the radiation pattern(s) Step 1$ %isplaying the post processing results a. To s#o% some (ost (rocesse& results 4$.e. VSJ1 K/(arameters1 grou( &ela31 II.5 go to t#e ma$n menu > Tem(late "ase& (ost(rocess$ng as s#o%n $n F$g.2< ". From Tem(late "ase& (ost(rocess$ng %$n&o% select t#e gra(# 3ou %ant to &$s(la3 4$n t#$s e@am(le I ($c) VSJ5 t#en cl$c) E+aluate as s#o%n $n F$g.26 c. No%1 go to t#e le2t (ane t#en select 'D esults > Ta"les > ' D results > VSJ to s#o% t#e (lot as s#o%n $n F$g. 2> F$g.2< D$s(la3$ng t#e (ost (rocess$ng results 4a5 F$g.26 D$s(la3$ng t#e (ost (rocess$ng results 4"5 F$g.2> D$s(la3$ng t#e (ost (rocess$ng results 4c5 References: For &eta$ls o2 CST &ocumentat$on 3ou ma3 seeH http://www.cst.com/Content/Products/MWS/Overview.aspx