ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise is to Almighty Allah, the Beneficent, and the Merciful. He showered His great
blessings upon us in the form of Holy Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H).
With much effort and time spent, we thank Almighty Allah for being able to complete our
control engineering project assigned by our teacher Engr. Sajid Sabir.
We wish to take this opportunity to express our thanks to all well-wishers for providing us with
helpful information and exchanging thoughts,and Family members for their financial
support .
Thank you.


INTRODUCTION

We have pleasure in introducing our new project AUTOMATIC RAIN
OPERATED WIPER, which is fully equipped by sensors circuit and wiper motor.
It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for Automobile vehicles.
This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our
Automobile vehicles and it is good.
The Automatic rain operated wiper system is a fully automation project.
This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual
effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an
essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the
degree of mechanization is increased.
Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.
Full automation.
Semi automation.
In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is
required whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible.
NEED FOR AUTOMATION:
Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics,
etc., of these sources, pneumatics form an attractive medium for low cost automation.
Automation plays an important role in automobile.
Nowadays almost all the automobile vehicle is being atomized in order to product
the human being. The automobile vehicle is being atomized for the following reasons:.
To achieve high safety
To reduce man power
To increase the efficiency of the vehicle
To reduce the work load
To reduce the vehicle accident
To reduce the fatigue of workers
To high responsibility
Less Maintenance cost
PURPOSE OF DEVELOPMENT
In developing the automatic wiper, we intended to fill the following purposes:
Convenience: To dispense with troublesome wiper operations needed when rainfall
conditions change or when driving conditions change including the car speed and entry to
exit from tunnels.
Comfort: To operate the wiper with response to changing rainfall and driving conditions,
thus keeping the drivers windshield clear.
Installation: The system is easy to install.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AUTOMATED RAIN WIPER
The major components of the Automatic rain operated wiper are follows
Rain detecting sensor
INTEL 8051 Microcontroller
Relay
Battery
Wiper Motor and its arrangement
Class frame and Supporting Structure

RAIN DETECTING SENSOR:
A rain sensor or rain switch is a switching device activated by rainfall. Rain sensors are available
in three different designs, including water weight, electrical conductivity, and expansion disk
types. This device detects rainfall events and disconnects power to irrigation systems to save
water; both homeowners and businesses can use a rain sensor so that plants are not excessively
watered and runoff is minimized. Additionally, each rain sensor type can be purchased in a hard
wired or wireless version, depending on the consumer's desires and budget.
The water weight rain sensor uses a small dish attached to the irrigation system's main controller.
As the dish fills with rainwater to a specific set point, the rain sensor will trigger the controller to
shut the water valve off. The irrigation system will remain inoperable until the water in the dish

naturally evaporates; this evaporation coincides with the soil's drying time. Once the water
dissipates within the dish, the irrigation system will automatically turn back on for normal
watering schedules.
Electrical conductivity uses the same rainwater collection dish; but, the irrigation system is
triggered into an off position when two electrodes contact the collected
water level. These electrodes are an open circuit during dry weather.
Once water reaches the electrodes' preset level in the dish, the circuit
becomes closed and effectively shuts the irrigation system down. The
irrigation system returns to its normal operations once the electrodes
do not sense any more water.
One of the most popular rain sensor types in the expansion disk model. A cork disk resides
within a protective housing; as rain falls, the disk absorbs some of the water. As a result, the disk
enlarges from the water absorption and triggers the irrigation system to shut down. Similar to the
collection dish, the disk must evaporate most of its water before the system will restart its
operations.
Most irrigation systems used to control the watering schedule are hard wired to an electric power
source. Consumers can purchase a hard wired rain sensor and connect it to the power system.
Newer wireless sensors are available that use radio waves from a nearby receiver to control the
irrigation system; however, these devices are much more expensive than a basic hard wired type.
Many irrigation professionals prefer the expansion disk type of rain sensor. Both collection dish
techniques have the drawback of collecting debris. These dishes must be maintained and cleaned
periodically because debris accumulation can easily trigger a water weight sensor type to shut the
system down
The circuit we are using in our project has a handmade sensor to detect raindrops. The sensor
can be made by attaching 2 wires of 0.5 inch each on 1 inch square plastic piece. You can also
experiment with other handmade sensors and make the one which best suits your requirements.
INTEL 8051 MICROCONTROLLER:
The Intel MCS-51 (commonly referred to as 8051) is a Harvard
architecture, CISC instruction set, single chip microcontroller (C) series which was developed
by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems.
[1]
Intel's original versions were popular in the 1980s
and early 1990s and enhanced binary compatible derivatives remain popular today.
IMPORTANT FEATURES:
The 8051 architecture provides many functions (CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O, interrupt logic, timer, etc.) in
a single package
8-bit ALU and Accumulator, 8-bit Registers (one 16-bit register with special move
instructions), 8-bit data bus and 2x16-bit address bus/program counter/data pointer and
related 8/11/16-bit operations; hence it is mainly an 8-bit microcontroller
Boolean processor with 17 instructions, 1-bit accumulator, 32 registers (4 bit-addressable 8-
bit) and up to 144 special 1 bit-addressable RAM variables (18 bit-addressable 8-bit)
[3]

Multiply, divide and compare instructions
4 fast switchable register banks with 8 registers each (memory mapped)
Fast interrupt with optional register bank switching
Interrupts and threads with selectable priority
[4]

Dual 16-bit address bus It can access 2 x 2
16
memory locations 64 kB (65536 locations)
each of RAM and ROM
128 bytes of on-chip RAM (IRAM)
4 KiB of on-chip ROM, with a 16-bit (64 KiB) address space (PMEM). Not included on
803X variants
Four 8-bit bi-directional input/output port
UART (serial port)
Two 16-bit Counter/timers
Power saving mode (on some derivatives)

One feature of the 8051 core is the inclusion of a boolean processing engine which allows bit-
level boolean logic operations to be carried out directly and efficiently on select
internal registers and select RAM locations. This feature helped cement the 8051's popularity in
industrial control applications because it reduced code size by as much as 30%.
[citation
needed]
Another feature is the inclusion of four bank selectable working register sets which greatly
reduce the amount of time required to complete an interrupt service routine. With a single
instruction the 8051 can switch register banks as opposed to the time consuming task of
transferring the critical registers to the stack or designated RAM locations. These registers also
allowed the 8051 to quickly perform a context switch.
Once a UART, and a timer if necessary, has been configured, the programmer needs only write a
simple interrupt routine to refill the send shift register whenever the last bit is shifted out by the
UART and/or empty the full receive shift register (copy the data somewhere else). The main
program then performs serial reads and writes simply by reading and writing 8-bit data to stacks.
RELAY:
It is an electrically operated switch. They are used where it
is necessary to control a circuit by a low power signal or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire
wrapped around a soft iron core, an iron yoke which
provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a
movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts
(there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the yoke and mechanically linked
to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is
de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of
contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or
fewer sets of contacts depending on their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire
connecting the armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the circuit between the moving
contacts on the armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke,
which is soldered to the PCB.
When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that activates the
armature, and the consequent movement of the movable contact(s) either makes or breaks
(depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts was closed
when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the
connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched off,
the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its
relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in
industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage
application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.
When the coil is energized with direct current, a diode is often placed across the coil to dissipate
the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would otherwise generate a
voltage spike dangerous to semiconductor circuit components. Some automotive relays include a
diode inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact protection network consisting of a capacitor
and resistor in series (snubber circuit) may absorb the surge. If the coil is designed to be
energized with alternating current (AC), a small copper "shading ring" can be crimped to the end
of the solenoid, creating a small out-of-phase current which increases the minimum pull on the
armature during the AC cycle.[1]
A solid-state relay uses a thyristor or other solid-state switching device, activated by the control
signal, to switch the controlled load, instead of a solenoid. An optocoupler (a light-emitting
diode (LED) coupled with a photo transistor) can be used to isolate control and controlled
circuits
WIPER MOTOR:
The wiper motor used here is a D.C. motor.
BATTERY:
It is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that converts stored chemical
energy into elctrical energy.



WORKING OPERATION:
The battery supplies the power to the
sensor as well as rain operated motor.
Wiper motor is automatically ON during
the time of rainfall.
The senor is fixed in the vehicle glass.
The handmade sensor is used in this
project.
It senses the rainfall and giving control
signal to the control unit.
The control unit activates the wiper
motor automatically. This operation
is called Automatic rain operated wiper.

EXPLANATION:
A fluid sensor is comprised and mounted on the outer part of the car windshield to detect
raindrop. The circuit associated with the fluid sensor will be completed and the current will flow
once raindrop is sensed. At the same time, a DC voltage will be generated and sent to the control
unit and then the wiper motor will be energized. The car wipers will sweep for three times as one
cycle then stop and recheck the signal from the fluid sensor. If more raindrops are sensed, the
wipers will sweep again or else the operation will be terminated. More, even when the
control circuit terminated in a sudden, a homing circuit will still allow the wiper blades to
return to the home position. Programmable Logic Controller is the core to control
sequence of the system and an On/Off button is attached for circuit disconnection and to
replace with conventional wiper system.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC RAIN SENSOR WIPER
SYSTEM:


A small droplet on the sensor will activate the ccontroller output. The output of the controller is
connected to base of the transistor through 1k resistor which forward biases the transistor. The
relay gets negative and it switches ON the wiper motor.

APPLICATIONS
Few of the applications are
Four wheeler,
Three Wheeler
and other vehicle

ADVANTAGES
Low cost automation project.
Free from wear adjustment.
Less power consumption
Operating Principle is very easy.
Installation is simplified very much.
It is possible to operate Manually/automatically by proving On/Off switch.
Sensor cost is very low due to conductive sensor


DISADVANTAGES
This system applied in the case of water falling on the class only.
Addition cost is required to install this system to four wheeler.


CONCLUSION
We have to develop an automatic wiper control system which is improved version of intermittent
wiper system. This wiper system reduces cumbersome wiper operation and improves drivers
level comfort. It will give a new dimension of comfort and aid to the drivers who work at night
and traffic prone areas where they already have to concentrate on brakes and clutch. The removal
of controlling the wipers during rain will provide them much ease and help them concentrate on
the basic ABC (accelerator, brake and clutch) of driving. Our system features high accuracy,
high sensitivity, and non-contact measurement. The system is used as component in home
automation system because it can detect a sudden rain and notify people in the house.



LIMITATIONS IN AUTOMATIC WIPER SYSTEM USING HANDMADE
SENSOR:
These wipers have drawbacks in that they sometime malfunction when exposed to vibration or
loud noise or may fail to operate when it is drizzling or snowing. To overcome this we have
developed an optical automatic wiper with its interval automatically controlled by using a rain
sensor which responds to light intensity variations.
SOURCE CODE
line level source

1
2 #include <REGX51.H>
3 sbit in=P2^0;
4 sbit out=P1^4;
5 void delay(unsigned int qq)
6 {
7 1 unsigned int i,j;
8 1 for (i=0;i<qq;i++)
9 1 for(j=0;j<100;j++);
10 1 }
11 void main()
12 {
13 1 in=1;
14 1 out=0;
15 1 while(1)
16 1 {
17 2 while(in==0)
18 2 {
19 3 out=1;
20 3 delay(100);
21 3 }
22 2 out=0;
23 2 }
24 1 }
25

MODULE INFORMATION: STATIC OVERLAYABLE
CODE SIZE = 54 ----
CONSTANT SIZE = ---- ----
XDATA SIZE = ---- ----
PDATA SIZE = ---- ----
DATA SIZE = ---- ----
IDATA SIZE = ---- ----
BIT SIZE = ---- ----
END OF MODULE INFORMATION.
C51 COMPILATION COMPLETE. 0 WARNING(S), 0 ERROR(S)


REFRENCES:
AUTOMATIVE ENGINEERING- HEITNER
AUTOMATION PRODUCTION SYSTEM-MIKELI P.GROOVER
WWW.TECHNOWAVE.COM
WWW.SEMINARPROJECT.COM
WWW.MECHANICALPROJECTS.COM
WWW.auto.howstuffworks.com/wiper.htm
www.answers.com/topic/windscreen-wiper-1