T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Page
A. THE CONSTITUTION
1. Definition, Nature & Concept 1
2. Parts 1
3. Amendments & Revisions 2
4. Self-Executing Non-Self-Executing Provisions 2
5. General Provision 2
B. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. National Territory (Art I) 4
2. State Immunity 4
3. Principle & Policies(Art II) 5
4. Separation of Powers 9
5. Checks & Balances 9
6. Delegation of Powers 9
7. Forms of Government 9
C. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
1. Who may exercise Legislative Power? 10
a. Congress 10
b. Regional/Local legislative power 11
c. Peoples initiative or statutes (Initiative & Referendum) 11
2. Houses of Congress 11
a. Senate 11
b. House of Representatives 11
3. Legislative, Privileges, Inhibitions & Disqualifications 12
4. Quorum & Voting Majorities 13
5. Discipline of Members 13
6. Electoral & the Commission on Appointment 14
a. Nature 14
b. Powers 14
7. Powers of Congress 15
a. Legislative
1. Legislative Inquiries & the Oversight Function 15
2. Bicameral Conference Committee 15
3. Limitations on Legislative Power 15
D. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
1. Privileges, Inhibitions & Disqualifications 17
a. Presidential Immunity 17
b. Presidential Privilege 17
2. Powers 18
a. Executive & administrative Powers in General 18
b. Powers of Appointment 18
(1.) In General 18
(2.) Commission on Appointments Confirmation 18
(3.) Midnight appointment 19
(4.) Power of Removal 19
c. Power of Control and Supervision 19
(1.) Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency 19
(2.) Executive Departments & Offices 19
(3.) Local Government Units 19
d. Military Powers 20
e. Pardoning Power 20
(1.) Nature & Limitations 20
(2.) Forms of Executive Clemency 21
f. Diplomatic Power 21
g. Powers relative to appropriation measures 21
h. Delegated Powers 21
i. Veto Powers 22
j. Residual Powers 22
E. JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
1. Concepts 23
a. Judicial Power 23
b. Judicial Review 23
2. Safeguards of Judicial Independence 24
3. Judicial Restraint 25
4. Appointments to the Judiciary 25
5. Supreme Court 25
F. CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
1. Constitutional Safeguards to ensure independence of Commissions 27
2. Powers & Functions of each Commission 27
3. Prohibited Offices and Interests 30
4. Jurisdiction of each Constitutional Commission 31
5. Review of Final Orders, Resolutions and Decisions 33
G. BILL OF RIGHTS (Art III)
1. Fundamental Powers of the State 34
2. Private Acts & the Bill of Rights 38
3. Due Process 39
4. Equal Protection 41
5. Searches & Seizures 42
6. Privacy of Communications & Correspondence (Writ of Habeas Data) 46
7. Freedom of Expression 47
8. Freedom of Religion 51
9. Liberty of Abode & Freedom of Movement 54
10. Right to Information 55
11. Right of Association 57
12. Eminent Domain 57
13. Contract Clause 59
14. Legal Assistance & Free Access to Courts 59
15. Rights of Suspect 59
16. Rights of the Accused 61
a. Criminal Due Process 61
b. Bail 61
c. Presumption of Innocence 62
d. Right to be Heard 62
e. Assistance of Counsel 63
f. Right to be Informed 63
g. Right to Speedy, Impartial & Public Trial 63
h. Right of Confrontation 64
i. Compulsory Process 64
j. Trials in Absentia 65
17. Writ of Habeas Corpus 65
18. Writ of Amparo 65
19. Self Incrimination Clause 65
20. Involuntary Servitude & Political Prisoners 66
21. Excessive and Cruel and Inhuman Punishments 67
22. Non-imprisonment for debts 67
23. Double Jeopardy 67
24. Ex Post Facto Laws & Bills of Attainder 68
H. CITIZENSHIP (Art IV)
1. Who are Filipino Citizens 70
2. Modes of Acquiring Citizenship 70
3. Naturalization & Denaturalization 71
4. Dual Citizenship & Dual Allegiance 73
5. Loss & re-acquisition of Philippine Citizenship 73
6. Natural Born Citizens & Public Office 74
I. LAW ON PUBLIC OFFICERS
1. General Principles 75
2. Modes of Acquiring Title to Public Office 76
3. Modes & Kinds of Appointments 76
4. Eligibility & Qualification Requirements 77
5. Disabilities & Inhibitions of Public Officers 78
6. Powers & Duties of Public Officers 79
7. Rights of Public Officers 80
8. Liabilities of Public Officers 81
9. Immunity of Public Officers 82
10. De Facto Officers 82
11. Terminations of Official Relation 83
12. The Civil Service 85
13. Accountability of Public Officers 86
14. Term-Limits 89
J. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
1. General Principles 90
2. Administrative Agencies 90
3. Power of Administrative Agencies 91
4. Judicial Recourse & Review 95
K. ELECTION LAW
1. Suffrage 97
2. Qualification & Disqualifications of Voters 97
3. Registration of Voters 98
4. Inclusions & Exclusion Proceedings 98
5. Political Parties 99
6. Candidacy 100
7. Campaign 104
8. Board of Election Inspectors & Board of Canvassers 107
9. Remedies & Jurisdiction in Election Law 108
10. Prosecution of Election Offenses 110
L. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
1. Public Corporations 110
2. Municipal Corporations 111
3. Principles of Local Autonomy 114
4. Powers of Local Government Units (LGUs) 114
M. NATIONAL ECONOMY & PATRIMONY
1. Regalian Doctrine 123
2. Nationalist & Citizenship Requirement Provision 123
3. Exploration, Development & Utilization of National Resources 124
4. Franchises, Authority & Certificates for Public Utilities 124
5. Acquisition, Ownership & Transfer of Public & Private Lands 125
6. Practice of Professions 125
7. Organization & Regulation of Corporations, Private & Public 125
8. Monopolies, Restraint of Trade & Unfair Competition 125
N. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Concept of Social Justice 126
2. Commission on Human Rights 126
O. EDUCATION, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE & SPORTS
1. Academic Freedom 127
P. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
1. Concepts 127
a. Obligations Erga Omnes 127
b. Jus Cogens 128
c. Concept of AeguoEt Bono 128
2. International & National Law 128
3. Sources 129
4. Subjects 130
5. Diplomatic & Consular Law 130
6. Treaties 130
7. Nationality & Statelessness 130
8. Treatment of Aliens 131
9. International Human Rights Law 134
10. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) & Neutrality 135
11. Law of the Sea 138
12. International Environment Law 140
Reference
Diplomatic and Consular Law 141
(Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations)







































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