Volume • 64 No.

2
March • April 2002

Inside:
2002 OTF Officers
See page 5

Turfgrass Pathology
Program 2002
See pages 16–19

Annual Bluegrass Seedheads

See pages 20–22

Industry Forecast 2002

See pages 12–14
 Sponsored By:

March • April 2002

TurfNews distributes useful and timely advice,

information and research from Ohio’s most
knowledgeable experts and professionals to
OTF members and those in the turfgrass industry.
Vol. 64 • No. 2 • 2002
TurfNews is produced by the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation,
PO Box 3388, Zanesville, Ohio 43702–3388,
1–888–OTF–3445 and is available to all members.
Inside:
www.ohioturfgrass.org Message From The
2002 OTF President . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

OTF Calendar of Events 2002 OTF 2002 Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

OTF Important
Membership Information . . . . . . . . 6–7
Ask the Experts
Response by Dr. John Street . . . . . . 8–9
OTF/OSU Turfgrass Research Field Day
August 14, 2002
Sports Turf Tips
OTF Research & Education Facility
Tips For Effective Seeding
& Sodding This Spring . . . . . . . 10–11
OTF Annual Golf Tournament
October 3, 2002 HortShorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
City of Blue Ash Golf Course
Cincinnati, Ohio New Growth and Technology
Grass Pathology Program 2002 . . 16–19
New Growth and Technology
2002 OTF Conference & Show Annual Bluegrass Seedheads
December 9–12, 2002
Greater Columbus Convention Center to Be or Not to Be? . . . . . . . . . . 20–22
Member Spotlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Columbus, Ohio

New Growth and Technology

Soil Amendments and Mulches
in Tree Health Management . . . . . 24–25
Message from the Executive Director . . . . . . . . . 26

For more information or to register for OTF events, please contact Corporate Sponsor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
the OTF office at 888-683-3445 or visit www.ohioturfgrass.org.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 2

 Message From
The President OSU’s Turf
Club Attends
Meeting The Challenge Conference
T he past year has posed significant challenges to
Dr. David Gardner and fourteen
students in The Ohio State University
Americans in all walks of life, and the green Turf Club attended the GCSAA’s 73rd
industries were no exception. The aftermath of International Golf Course
9-11 acted to exacerbate an already tightening busi- Conference and Show in Orlando,
ness environment underscored by the continuing Florida. The contingent included
trend of major mergers and acquisitions. It was three students in the OSU interna-
encouraging and gratifying to witness the resilience tional program from Great Britain
of our industry and commitment of OTF’s mem- and one from Australia. In addition
bers and supporters during the 2001 Turfgrass to attending educational sessions and
Conference and Show. competing in the Turf Bowl, the stu-
While national statistics demonstrate significant dents exhibited a booth highlighting
across-the-board attrition in show attendance, OTF enjoyed an increase in both the Turfgrass Management program
the number of exhibitors and number of booths over last year and held firm at The Ohio State University as well as
with an essentially equal number of registrants. Much credit goes to the OTF the turfgrass industry in the state of
trustees and volunteers who developed one of the best 4-day educational pro- Ohio. The exhibit was made possible
grams ever. We applaud the 4,298 attending companies and individuals who, in through a generous donation from
spite of the personal and business the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation.
“I personally challenge all members challenges they may have been The GCSAA conference provides
to make the commitment and facing, decided that OTF was a a valuable opportunity for students to
follow through to recruit priority for them. This unwavering interact with industry representatives,
one new OTF member in 2002.” green industry dedication to the student clubs from other universities,
foundation showed in attendance and prospective future employers.
figures, but it was the undaunted spirit of the participants evident throughout This was the first year that the OSU
the week that makes us optimistic about what lies ahead. turf club attended. The students
Although the successful 2001 conference has bolstered our confidence, would like to thank the OTF mem-
your trustees take seriously our charge to vigilantly protect and promote the bership for providing funding sup-
foundation. The revenues we rely on to channel dollars to the Ohio Turfgrass port for the trip, and to thank those
Research Trust (OTRT) for their funding of research and student scholarships members who stopped by the booth.
is generated primarily by conference and show receipts and membership dues. We are looking forward to next year’s
We are already hard at work with our management company to assure that the conference in Atlanta.
exhibit floor is again full in 2002. Membership renewals have been sent out and
all indications are that member support will remain strong. Ohio State students
But meeting the challenge means moving the foundation beyond the status who attended this years
quo, for if we remain unchanged, we fall behind. In this regard, I am asking GCSAA conference:
each member to make it your goal to personally recruit one new member into
OTF. Surely, every one of us knows someone who is not a member, but who • James Head
would benefit and prosper as a result of joining the foundation. Imagine dou- • Nathan Marsh
bling OTF’s membership in one year. The math is simple, the prospect exciting • Garrath Davies
—the challenge is to make the commitment and follow through. I ask you to • Glen Kirby
make that commitment today. • Patrick Burton
On behalf of the trustees, researchers and scholarship recipients, thank you • Brad Novotony
for your continued support and loyalty. I look forward as your president to • Pete Burcham
working with you in overcoming future challenges and to setting new standards • Katie Flath
for OTF in 2002. • Stephanie Heston
• Carl McKinney
Sincerely, • Todd Vermillion
• Mark Kuligowski
• Charlie Hobor
Mark Heinlein
2002 OTF President
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 3

Turfgrass
Researcher,
Dr. Parwinder
Grewal
Syngenta Crop
Protection Award
The Ohio State University Turfgrass Entomologist
and Nematologist, Dr. Parwinder S. Grewal has been
awarded the 2002 Syngenta Crop Protection Award by
the U.S. Society of Nematologists. The award is pre-
sented to an individual who has made contributions in
Nematology, not previously recognized, which have
led to the significant advancement of agriculture and
horticulture.
Dr. Grewal has been developing insect-parasitic
nematodes for the biological control of white grubs
and other soil insects. He has published 74 research
papers, 7 book chapters, 5 review articles, 16 papers in
conference proceedings, and 11 extension publica-
tions on various aspects of nematodes and insects. He
has received over $1M in competitive grants for his
research on turfgrass pests during the past 4 years.
He has also been instrumental in the development of
the award-winning video and web site on insect-para-
sitic nematodes.
Dr. Grewal is very generous with his time for pro-
fessional and public service. He is an editor of the
Journal of Nematology, and is serving on the interna-
tional editorial boards of three other journals covering
biological control and nematodes. He has served on
the Research Enhancement Advisory Committee of
the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center and is now serving on the Research Review
Advisory Committee of the Ohio Turfgrass
Foundation.
He has been previously decorated with the
Lindbergh Award for Environmental Achievement,
OARDC Department Research Award, Queens Team
Award for Environmental Achievement, and the
Young Scientist of the Year Award by the U.K.
Mushroom Growers Association. We congratulate him
on his continued success.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 4
OTRT Live Auction – Time to Start Thinking
About This December!
Record attendance, a wealth of donated items, a great auc-
tioneer, and a good time was had by all who attended the OTRT
live auction. The auction was held just before the banquet during
the OTF Conference and Show, held in Columbus on December
3 –6, 2001. The auction raised over $14,000.00.
I realize that we had an article about the 2001 auction in our
last issue but I am amazed at the dedication of the people that
attend the Conference and Show. The exhibitors spend big bucks
for booth space and more bucks to man the space, but they still
donate items to the auction. The people who attend spend
money to register, pay for hotels and food, but they bring items
for the auction. Plus we have a core of people who help with the
auction, including the Auctioneer, Billy Arehart and his crew
from Wilmington, OH who all donate their time and talents.
Then it’s time for the auction and we all spend our money bid-
ding on the items. Why do we bid $400.00 for football tickets, pay
$50.00 to $450.00 for an autograph, pay hundreds of dollars for a
kids truck and then give it to an unknown but very grateful kid?
Why? Because we are in the greatest industry in the world. We
might be friends, rivals, competitors, but when it gets down to
bettering our industry we are one.
All of the money goes to the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust
where it is used for research and scholarships. The purpose of the
Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust “is to operate exclusively for chari-
table purposes…and shall be to engage in research and educa-
tion activities relating to the planting, growing and marketing of
turfgrass, including but not limited to research through grants
and awarding scholarships to students studying the field…”
The Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust is classified as an educa-
tional foundation exempt from taxation under the 501(c) 3 code
of the Internal Revenue Service. Therefore, contributions to the
research trust are tax deductible for federal income tax purposes.
Additionally, interest income earned by the research trust is
non-taxable; thereby enabling more money to be used for turf-
grass research and education rather than going to the IRS.
Now that you know how much money we made, how we made
it, how it’s used, and all of the legal ramifications, now is the time
to start thinking about this year’s auction.
What do you have that has value and can be sold? It can be
turf or landscape related. It can be just useful around the home
or business. Who do you know that can give an autograph or
autographed item? How about tickets or greensfees? Autographs
and tickets generate big bucks at the auction. When you think of
something call Kevin at the OTF office. He can tell you how to
get it to OTF. Do it now while you are thinking about it.
Thank you,
Gene Probasco, Auction Chair
President
Mark Heinlein
Mark is senior vice president of The
Motz Group, a high performance athletic
field construction and consultation firm
in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Mark graduated from The Ohio State
University in 1976 with a BSc in zoology
and earned his MSc in plant pathology
from OSU in 1982. He has spent his
career in the green industry, including
two years as a research nematologist in
the Fiji Islands. Mark also spent seven
years affiliated with the Ohio Cooperative
Extension Service: first, as coordinator of
the USDA federal plant pest detection
program, and, then, as horticulture
extension agent in Hamilton County, spe-
cializing in turf and ornamentals. He has
been with The Motz Group since 1992.
Mark is currently serving his seventh
year as an OTF trustee and envisions for
the organization an expanded member-
ship base, increased industry funding for
turfgrass research and an emphasis on a
more interdisciplinary approach to
research projects at the OTF research
and education facility.
When he has the chance to be at
home in Cincinnati, Mark spends as
much time as he can with his wife Lauren
and two children Claire and Philip.
Vice President
John Mowat
John Mowat is currently serving his
sixth year as a Trustee of the Ohio
Turfgrass Foundation. John served as
Vice President in 2001 and Treasurer
in 2000, and has also served on the
Golf Tournament, Conference and
Show, Education, and Publicity
Committees.
John graduated from The Ohio
State University with a B.S. in Business
in 1986. His interests in the green
industry began while working at Riviera
Country Club during his final two years
at Ohio State.
He has been a Commercial Sales
Representative with Century
Equipment, Inc. since 1987, and is
presently the Golf Sales Manager for
Century Equipment Co.
John is serving his eleventh year as
President of the Ohio State University
Hockey Alumni Association and is
responsible for keeping 400 members
abreast of activities within the
University and the Ice Hockey Team.
He is also in his fifth year as Color
Commentator for 820 WOSU Radio,
broadcasting Ohio State Hockey games.
John resides in Hilliard, OH with
his wife, Amy, and their children, Dylan
and John.
Treasurer
George Furrer
George has served on the OTF
Board of Directors since 1998 and was
co-chair of the Education Committee
in 1999 and 2000, and Treasurer in
2001.
He is a 1984 graduate of The
Ohio State University—Agricultural
Technical Institute in Wooster. He is
currently a Market Sales
Representative for Lesco, Inc. work-
ing primarily in the golf industry in
Central Ohio. During his 14 year sales
career, he has worked with Golf
Course Superintendents, Lawn Care
Operators, Sports Turf Managers and
Grounds Managers.
George resides in Powell, OH with
his wife Karla and three children ages
8, 5 and 2.

Trustee Term Expires 2005 Glen Pottenger, CGCS

Glen Pottenger, CGCS, is the new superintendent at Larch Tree Golf Course in
Dayton. Formerly, Glen was employed at Green Velvet Sod Farms in sales, and prior
to that, was Superintendent at Sugar Valley Country Club. He has been a golf course
superintendent for 26 year and received his CGCS Certification in 1995.
Glen has been on the OTF Board of Directors since 1999, and served as the
Publicity Committee Chairman for the past three years.
He has been a GCSAA member for 20 years, and is the Editor of Divots, the
Miami Valley GCSA Chapter newsletter. Glen served on the Miami Valley GCSA
Board of Directors for several years.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 5
 OTF Important Membership Information
By now, you should have received an invoice to
renew your membership in OTF for the 2002
Membership year (February 1, 2002 through January
31, 2003). We hope you have returned your renewal
form and payment, as the Membership Committees
continue to add benefits and services to enhance your
membership.
To continue receiving TurfNews and other member
benefits, and to be listed in the Annual Membership
Directory, we must receive your renewal before May 15.
A few years ago, OTF began offering what is called
“Affiliate” Memberships. This new membership
category seems to have caused some confusion among
members. Following is a listing of the membership
categories and their descriptions:
• Organizational—any company currently involved
in the management of turfgrass, including:
golf courses, lawn care companies, landscapers,
nurseries, sod producers, parks and recreation,
grounds maintenance, cemeteries, athletic
fields and all other related organizations.
Organizational members have one contact
person with full voting privileges.
• Affiliate Organizational—Any one person whose
company has joined as an Organizational Member.
Affiliate members receive all OTF mailings, are
listed in the Membership Directory, and receive
member benefits, but have no voting privileges.
• Individual—Anyone currently involved in the
management of turfgrass. Individual members
have full voting privileges.
• Student—Any student currently enrolled in a
high school, vocational, technical school,
college, or university. Student members have
no voting privileges.
• Faculty—Any person involved in teaching turf-
grass management, landscape, horticulture, or
other related field. Faculty members have no vot-
ing privileges.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 6
When you join as an Organizational Member, you
may add additional Affiliate Members for just $25
each. Affiliate memberships are only available to
Organizational Members.
Affiliate Members receive the same benefits as
Organizational Members (except voting privileges),
but may receive OTF correspondence at various
locations.
Examples:
1. Great Turf, Inc. is a lawn care company with sev-
eral branch locations. The General Manager of
Great Turf, Inc. works out of the headquarters
office, and would like to receive all OTF corre-
spondence at his office. Additionally, he would
like branch managers to also receive TurfNews
and other OTF correspondence at their respec-
tive branch offices. For just $25, each branch
manager can join, and receive benefits and
information at a preferred address—rather than
headquarters.
2. Joe Super is a Golf Course Superintendent and
he wants to receive his OTF correspondence at
the golf course. He would also like his 3 assistants
to receive correspondence at their home address-
es. Joe Super can join as an Organizational
Member, and register his assistants as Affiliate
Members. If he provides OTF with the names
and home addresses of the assistants, correspon-
dence will be sent to their homes.
Affiliate memberships are a great way to take
advantage of the many benefits of OTF
Membership. If you are not already taking
advantage of the Affiliate Membership category,
but would like to, please complete and return
the following form along with your payment to:
PO Box 3388, Zanesville, OH 43702 or
fax to 740-452-2552. If you have questions,
please call the OTF headquarters at 888-683-3445.
 We are an Organizational Member and would like to add ___ Affiliate Members at $25 each
We are an Individual Member ($75) and would like to upgrade to an Organizational
Member ($150) and add ___ Affiliate Members at $25 each:

Your Name

Organization Member I.D.# SPECIAL NOTE

In an effort to reduce expenses,
Street Address we continually update our data-
base—this helps OTF put more
City, State Zip money towards research and
scholarships. If you receive mail-
Phone ings for individuals no longer at
your location, please let us know.
Fax Simply call 888-683-3445, ext.
3130 and speak with Kim, fax
Email
to the attention of Kim Spencer
Credit Card Number Expiration Date at 740-452-2552, or email
kspencer@offinger.com. Thanks!
Cardholders Name

Signature

Please add the following Affiliate Members to our Organizational Membership:

1. Name 3. Name

Street Address Street Address

City, State Zip City, State Zip

Phone Phone

Fax Fax

Email Email

2. 4. Name
Name

Street Address Street Address

City, State Zip City, State Zip

Phone Phone

Fax Fax

Email Email

• make copies of this form if needed • please be advised that the mailing
for additional names addresses provided above will be
listed in the Membership Directory.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 7

 Response:
Ask the Experts John R. Street
The Ohio State University,
Department of Horticulture & Crop Science

Q: When is the best time to control

broadleaf weeds in the spring and why?
A: The key to understanding spring broadleaf weed control
is that herbicides used for this purpose are postemer-
gence and primarily foliar absorbed. Key environmental
factors influencing the absorption and translocation of
foliar absorbed broadleaf weed herbicides in the spring
include:
· air and soil temperatures,
· soil moisture,
· light intensity,
· relative humidity,
· dew formation,
· wind, and
· rainfall after application.
Herbicide formulation also plays a major role in determin-
ing the success or failure of broadleaf weed control in the
spring. Weeds tend to absorb and translocate ester formu-
lations more readily than amines under the cooler, more
erratic conditions of early spring. Amines are more effec-
tive later in the spring when air and soil temperatures are
warmer (see Table 1). In addition, broadleaf herbicide
applications are usually more effective in late spring/early
summer than in late winter/early spring because more
sugar/photosynthate is translocated downward. In the fall,
broadleaf herbicides and sugar compounds are usually
transported downward. Therefore, fall applications normal-
ly provide a broader range of broadleaf weed control than
spring applications.
Data from a three-year study of broadleaf weed control
conducted at Purdue University shows that early spring
broadleaf weed control is difficult to achieve with any
formulation (see Table 2). In general, both amine and
ester formulations exhibited poor weed control before late
March. Ester formulations provided good-to-excellent weed
control the first three weeks in April and were superior to
the amine formulations. However, the effectiveness of
amine formulations began to equal that of esters typically
from late April and beyond.
Finally, the effectiveness of broadleaf weed control depends
on a combination of herbicide selection, environmental
factors and cultural practices (see Table 3).

Table 1. Guidelines for the Use of Esters and

Amines for Spring Broadleaf Weed Control.

Esters Amines
Above 32°F Night air temperatures Well Above 32°F

Above 45°F Daytime air temperatures Above 55–60°F

Above 45°F Soil temperatures Above 55°F

100 or Greater Growing degree-day 150 or Greater

accumulations

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 8

Table 2. Dandelion Control Averaged over a Three-Year Period.

% Dandelion Control
Esters Application Date Amines
62 March 3rd week 49

80 March 4th week 28

93 April 1st week 70

95 April 2nd week 43

94 April 3rd week 73

99 April 4th week 96

98 May 1st week 84

Data from Purdue University research. Weedone herbicide applied at 4 pints per acre.

Table 3. Fourteen Keys to

Successful Broadleaf Weed Control

1. Make the correct weed 9. Apply when soil moisture

identification. is adequate.
2. Select the appropriate 10. Apply during sunny weather.
herbicide. 11. Delay mowing for several days
3. Use the appropriate after application.
formulation. 12. Avoid rainfall within 24 hours
4. Use the correct rate. after application.
5. Provide adequate contact/ 13. Note high relative humidity and
coverage of the weed. dew formation to increase her-
6. Apply when weed is actively bicide penetration, especially
growing. for amine formulations.
7. Apply when day and night 14. Use surfactants where
temperatures are favorable to recommended.
the herbicide and formulation.
(Factors 5–14 interact to
8. Wait until the broadleaf weed increase the absorption and
reaches the flowering stage translocation of the herbicide.)
(e.g., dandelion-puffball) for
maximum downward transloca-
tion of the herbicide.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 9

 Sports Turf Tips
Tips for Effective Seeding
& Sodding this Spring
John R. Street and Pamela J. Sherratt
The Ohio State University • Department of Horticulture & Crop Science

Preparing the Site for

Seeding & Sodding
Many fields are poor because the site was not prepared
properly before establishment. Fields that lack smoothness,
uniformity, and a crown to assist in surface drainage may need
to be re-contoured before seeding or sodding. SEED:SOIL
and/or SOD:SOIL CONTACT is the key to success. The
removal of surface debris (thatch) through verti-cutting or
scarifying will maximize seed:soil contact, as will using a slit
seeder. Producing a good soil tilth by “roughing up” the soil
surface prior to sodding will increase sod:soil contact.
Weed Control: Undesirable perennial grasses, such as
bentgrass, timothy, quackgrass, and tall fescue should be con-
trolled before any grading or tillage. A nonselective herbicide,
such as Roundup Pro or Finale, will kill all grasses and most
weeds that the chemical contacts. When seeding, remember
that most preemergence herbicides cannot be applied in con-
junction with seeding. Once a preemergence is applied there
is a waiting period of usually 3-4 months before seeding is rec-
ommended. Tupersan (siduron) is the only safe premergence
herbicide to use at the time of seeding or during the early
establishment period. A new postemergence herbicide, Drive,
can be used at 30 days after seedling emergence for annual
grasses and some broadleaf weeds.
Fertility: Apply starter fertilizer to the soil surface.
The starter fertilizer application should consist of:
• 1.0 to 1.5 pounds of actual nitrogen (N)
per 1000ft2
• 1.5 to 3.0 pounds of phosphorus (P)
per 1000ft2
These nutrients should be applied using a 1-1-1 to 1-2-1
ratio fertilizer (e.g. 10 to 20 pounds of a 10-10-10 or a 10-20-10).
The starter fertilizer is applied just prior to seeding/sodding
and raked in lightly (a slit-seeder or other similar mechanical
device would perform this). Do not till the starter fertilizer
into the rootzone; this fertilizer will significantly hasten estab-
lishment. Apply another starter fertilizer application after 4-6
weeks at 1.0 pound of actual nitrogen per 1,000ft2.
Irrigation: Under rapid drying conditions, irrigation may
need to be cycled several times from late morning through
mid to late afternoon. Avoid evening irrigation to minimize
disease. Irrigation needs to be managed carefully, especially
on the more extensively renovated areas or damaged areas.
Irrigation/watering the first 4-6 weeks after seeding will be
your first key to a rapid, successful establishment. Avoid or
limit play on newly seeded/sodded areas.

Topdressing can provide soil or sand to lower

seed and enhance moisture retention.

Slit seeders are an excellent tool to Big roll sod can be used where
establish seed:soil contact. establishment period is short.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 10

 Seeding Top Tips:
• Successful seed establishment requires a
moist but adequately aerated soil and a soil
temperature above 50ºF.
• Combining the process of slit-seeding with
topdressing substantially benefits the
seedlings, helps ensure seed-soil contact,
and helps to ensure optimum moisture rela-
tions for the seedlings. It is critical to use
the correct source of sand. Generally, sand
with a D60/D10 value of less than 4 and a
fineness modulus of 2.8 to 3.2 is recom-
mended for athletic field use (McCoy, 2000).
Sand shape & mineralogy are secondary
considerations that will also influence the
soil physical properties.
• Young seedlings can become too dry during
establishment, especially on sandy soils. In
major usage areas that have limited turf
cover, some type of mulch should be consid-
ered, such as straw, compost, hydro-seed
etc., to assist in water conservation.
• Fungicide-treated seed is usually a benefit
in spring seedings (e.g. Apron-treated seed)
• Pre-soaked or pre-germinated seed will
speed up the establishment rate, especially
if used in a divot mix.
• Use of a germination blanket/growth tarp
will increase surface temperatures and
encourage faster growth.
Verticutting removes thatch and ensures
better seed:soil contact.
Sodding Top Tips:
• Sodding only the portion of the field
that received the most wear will cut
down on costs.
• Big roll regular cut sod (1/2 inch—1 inch
depth) requires at least 4-6 weeks for
establishment from a rooting perspective.
• Thick-cut sod (1.5 inch—3 inch depth) is
usually playable immediately after sod-
ding & painting.
• To aid surface drainage, both types of
imported sod (thick-cut or regular-cut)
should be hollow core aerated and
topdressed to create continuous open
channels from the surface of the turf to
the underlying soil.
Glossary
Hydroseeding: The process of spreading pre-germinated
seed in a liquid carrier, such as paper pulp.
Slit-seeding: The process of spreading seed by making
slits in the soil/turf surface with a soil slicer to promote
seed:soil contact. Seeds are inserted directly in the slits.
Sodding: The process of installing mature turf in rolls
or sections, as opposed to spreading seed over a
prepared area of ground.
Topdressing: The addition of sand or sandy loam to
the surface of the turf to improve surface levels,
promote thatch decomposition, and improve soil
physical properties.
Verti-cutting (also known as vertical mowing): The use
of a machine with blades that cut vertically into the
turf canopy to sever lateral stems, thin grass, and
remove thatch.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Dr. John R. Street
street.1@osu.edu
Pam J. Sherratt
sherratt.1@osu.edu
Phone: (614) 292-6297
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 11
Featured Cover Story
2002
Industry Forecast
Landscape Forecast for 2002
Excerpts reprinted with permission from
Lawn & Landscape Magazine.
Ask a landscape contractor how 2001 was, and there’s
no telling how he or she will answer. Some will say 2001
was as good as any year. Others will relate that business
has slowed but they still have to turn away work due to
labor problems. At the same time, some contractors find
themselves facing a new situation—a business slowdown.
All the while, assorted obstacles other than economic
uncertainty litter contractors’ paths to success.
Labor, as always, is scarce, and the lack of qualified
employees continues to stand tall atop the list of
limitations.
Anti-pesticide groups wreaked havoc with lawn care
in New York this year after pushing pre-notification
legislation through the state government. As a result,
the industry seems to be waking up to the fact that
unfriendly legislation could significantly hinder business.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 12
Fuel prices jumped all over the board, eating away at
profitability. Manufacturers and growers felt this pain even
more directly in many cases as the prices for their materials
and for shipping inventory around the country climbed.
And, of course, the weather was a boon for some areas
and a curse in others.
Despite all of these drags on business, landscape con-
tractors maintain a positive, albeit more conservative, out-
look for the future. More than 56 percent of respondents to
a Lawn & Landscape survey said their business would grow
its annual sales volume compared to last year. While this
number illustrates the industry’s continued health, this
marks the fourth consecutive year this number has fallen.
Approximately 64 percent of respondents to this survey last
year reported that their businesses would grow.

Looking deeper into the numbers, those respon-
dents who said their businesses will grow this year still
expected growth of about 19 percent for this year,
compared to 15 percent last year. This increase in
growth levels would seem to indicate that the smaller,
less-established firms are the ones having the greatest
difficulty dealing with this year’s challenges.
Meanwhile, the larger, more established companies,
many of which experienced economic challenges in
the form of the recession of the early 1990s, learned
valuable lessons about operating in a down economy,
and those lessons are paying off right now. In fact,
many companies would likely grow even more this
year if they could find enough employees.
About 14 percent of respondents expect sales to
drop this year (compared to 11.5 percent last year),
and they said sales would drop about 15 percent. Last
year, respondents who suffered a downturn also pre-
dicted a 15 percent drop. Clearly, some consumers
and commercial property managers are delaying or
downsizing installations or reducing their regular
maintenance service in order to minimize their land-
scape budget. Fortunately for contractors, new home
sales and commercial building remained significantly
higher than the levels of even a few years ago for
much of the year.
In general, some contractors were surprised by the
extent of the challenges last year brought, while most
expected to have to work harder for sales this year.
Lawn & Landscape research found that 31.6 percent
of survey respondents said last year was worse than
they expected, just slightly below the number who said
this year will be better than expected.
While no one wants to see fewer dollars spent on
landscape services, many contractors have privately
commented that a mini-recession could ultimately
benefit the industry by forcing smaller businesses to
either improve their management skills and level of
operation or to shut their doors if they can’t remain
profitable.
Sports Turf Industry
Forecast for 2002
by Boyd Montgomer y
Sylvania Parks Department
The outlook for the sports turf industry has never
looked brighter! With more and more focus being put
on the increasing need to produce “quality” fields at all
levels, sports turf managers are beginning to see the
acknowledgement and educational opportunities open
up. But we have our challenges ahead!
2002 looks to be a challenging year and with the mild
winter around most of the State many turf managers are
bracing for what they feel will be a bumpy spring! It is
becoming increasingly more important for sports turf
manager to effectively “manage” there facilities/ field.
Many of your peers around the state and organizations
such as the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation (OTF), Ohio
Sports Turf Managers Association (OSTMA), The Ohio
State University Turfgrass Team, and National Sports
Turf Managers Association (STMA) are here to help
you! These groups play an important role in bringing
together “all” sports turf managers with networking and
education to improve the quality of your facility/field.
With the effects of a tighter economy and budget
cuts, many sports turf managers are left with trying to
find ways to still provide the quality facilities but with less
resources and help! Many sports turf managers feel
alone in the struggles, but the common fact is that the
majority of us are all feeling the effects! How do we cor-
rect this? The answer is not very easily! Sports turf man-
agers are going to have to become more professional,
which in turn will lead to better organization, communi-
cation, and effective management. We are going to have
to learn to be more inventive! With the management of
your staff that works for you, you should be encouraging
them to think “out side the box” on maintenance tech-
niques, equipment uses, etc. Your staff is a great resource
to accomplishing the tasks needed to provide quality
fields! No one likes budget cuts, so don’t sit back and let
them happen without voicing your concerns in a profes-
sional manner! Document the effects of such cuts and
continue to remind your upper management of the
need to address theses issues as soon as they can.
Become proactive not reactive!
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 13
 Technology seems to be increasing the effectiveness
of much of the equipment needed to provide quality
fields. Better sprayers, spreaders, utility vehicles, and
mowers all increase the effectiveness of our jobs.
Research and collect data on new equipment and tech-
nology and when the opportunity presents itself to buy
new equipment, buy “quality”! If you know you’re only
going to get one shot, buy equipment that can perform
more than one task.
Sports turf managers are continuing to gain more
and more recognition every year. A recent article on a
survey the STMA did in 2001 states that: “All told,
28,714 facilities maintain over 775,124 fields, spend over
11 billion dollars annually, and employ 167,737 individu-
als to nurture 10,663 square miles of area. While these
are projected numbers, they are the most accurate esti-
mate of the industry’s financial and employment data to
date.” The article also goes on to state that: “We’re not
just about watering and mowing grass!! The economics
revealed above serve notice that the industry is doing
well and will continue to do well as America continues
to be a sporting nation.”
Industry Outlook for 2002–
Greener Pastures Than in 2001?
Reprinted with permission by
the NOGCSA “On the Ball.”
The lingering aftermath of a national economic
slowdown probably will continue to leave its mark on
local clubs in 2002. Fewer divots on the course may
likely translate into lower profits in the books.
The September 11 attack on the New York Trade
Towers created an instant slump in travel, which adverse-
ly affected the golf industry near the end of the 2001
season. According to statistics by the golf-market
research firm Golf Datatech, in Florida, rounds played
nationwide dropped by 2.3 percent. Individual courses
reported catastrophic plummets in the amount of play
by as much as 50 percent. And the National Golf Course
Owners Association (NGCOA) described the emergence
of new golfers throughout the country as “flat.”
A more prominent, yet perhaps less obvious factor in
widespread declines can be attributed the weather over
the past year. Winter conditions in early spring, especial-
ly in the Midwest, deterred avid golfers from hitting the
links as early or as frequently as usual. In mid-April 2001,
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 14
Ohio experienced unseasonable snowfall, which
postponed many course-maintenance projects as well as
friendly get-togethers and outings. The eventual out-
break of extended warm weather could not overcome
the setback of the combined effects of a cold spring and
an autumn dominated by national crisis.
Despite the flurry of bad news at the end of the mil-
lennium, however, forecasts by many economic prognos-
ticators for the upcoming year emerge with cautious
optimism. Figures from 2001 reflect dramatic disparity
when compared to those during the long-lasting
economic boom of the ‘90s. And as hard as it may be for
most businesses to accept, the markets tend to correct
themselves over long-term intervals.
Enter the inevitable downswing that follows an eco-
nomic upswing.
Exactly how low the numbers fall may depend on the
strategy of golf clubs to improve course quality and
adjust marketing efforts to better meet the needs of cus-
tomers. During prosperous times, corporate outings pro-
duced desirable revenues for course owners and greater
workloads for maintenance personnel. But cuts in bud-
gets across the board shifted plans for future golfing
events from many companies’ agendas to their employ-
ees’ wish lists. Entertainment rarely rates as high as other
expenses when financial officers attempt to meet their
bottom lines.
So why the tentatively positive outlook for 2002?
Because golfers will find a way to play the game.
With fewer vacations and getaways to destinations far-
ther from home, more money will be available for local
play. And local markets account for about 95 percent of
golf course revenues, according to the NGCOA. Owners
can fill the void caused by the economic downturn, at
least partially, by drawing the scratch golfer from across
town and the high handicapper who lives right down
the road.
One major key to survival, ironically, lies in the confi-
dence to invest in improvements. Casual golfers and
devoted members alike look for value in course selec-
tion, which could justify spending more in green fees to
play a nicer course. As a result, industry gurus expect
maintenance budgets to remain steady and renovations,
both major and minor, to equal or exceed past levels.
If all transpires as anticipated, the year ahead seems
promising, at best, and less painful, at worst, than the
memories left from 2001.
 HortShorts
by Jim Chatfield
Get your latest OSU Ornamental Circular–
hot off the press. It will help you
with questions such as these:
1. True or False.
Eastern tent caterpillar eggs hatch each year within
several days between the time of first bloom of star
magnolia and full bloom of Norway maple.
True. Check out OSU entomologist Dan Herm’s handy
paper titled Biological Clocks: A Five- Year Calendar of
Plant and Insect Phenology in Secrest Arboretum.
Though the dates vary from year to year and from
location to location, evidence is mounting that the
sequence linking these specific insect and plant devel-
opment events (both mediated by temperature) are
highly consistent. For the example listed above no more
than 4 days difference occurred in any of the last five
years, and usually the difference was 2 days or less. This
can be a very helpful way to monitor pest activities and
to develop pest management strategies. Dan’s paper
covers key ornamental plants and insects and has a
handy column for you to start charting these pests
and insects at your location.
2. True or False.
Fireblight was so severe this year on “Aristocrat”
Callery pear because of the abnormally warm, moist
weather during bloom.
True. Precisely. 2001 was the worst year for bacterial
fireblight on ornamental pears and crabapples in at
least a decade. Sustained temperatures above 60°F and
moisture during bloom are the keys for this disease,
and in 2001 this occurred during the April and early
May blooming times of these plants. We did learn a lot
about which pears and crabapples are most susceptible,
such as “Aristocrat” callery pear and “Golden
Raindrops” crabapple. What does it mean for the com-
ing season? Hopefully that last year was an anomaly
and, especially if you did a good job of pruning out
blighted limbs last year or yet this spring, then fireblight
should again be only a minor problem on most orna-
mental pears and crabapples. Learn more about fireb-
light and other disease updates from 2001 and also the
latest crabapple scab trials in Infectious Disease
Problems of Ornamental Plants In Ohio: 2001 and
Apple Scab on Crabapples at Secrst Arboretum: 2001 in
the Circular.
3. True or False.
“Mulching with low C:N composted yard waste
increased plant growth by increasing soil organic matter,
microbial biomass, and nutrient availability...on the
other hand, high C:N mulch derived from recycled
wood pallets induced nutrient deficiencies and
decreased plant growth.”
True. At least relative to the study by John Lloyd, Dan
Herms, Ben Stinner and Harry Hoitink at OSU’s Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center. This
classic piece of research gives a clear picture of Mulch
Effects on Soil Microbial Activity, Nutrient Cycling, and
Plant Growth in Ornamental Landscapes and is also in
this year’s OARDC and OSU Extension Special Circular
#186.
From weather summaries from last year (Ohio had its
9th driest January and 17th wettest May in the past 119
years), to addresses, phone and Fax numbers, and
e-mail addresses of all of OSU’s Extension Nursery
Landscape and Turf Team and Floriculture Industry
Roundtable Ohio members, to weed control strategies,
pine tip blight disease research, a gypsy moth update
and more—get your latest copy of the free Special
Circular 186 by contacting:
Communications and Technology, Publications Office
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
1680 Madison Avenue • Wooster, OH 44691-4096
330-263-3700
And finally: From the Buckeye Yard and Garden Line’s
(BYGL) weekly ornamental and turf update, here is one of
last year’s BYGLosophys:
The tree which moves some to tears of joy is in the eyes of others
only a green thing that stands in the way. Some see Nature all
ridicule and deformity, and some scarce see Nature at all. But to the
eyes of the man of imagination, Nature is Imagination itself.
—William Blake
So, for all us golfers who swear when our otherwise
flawless drive catches a limb on the dogleg, meditate upon
its perfect oneness with nature. Right.
And if you want to get the weekly BYGL updates (starting
the 2nd week in April this year), check out bygl.osu.edu on
the web or if you just want to get it by e-mail, request it from
fischnich.1@osu.edu
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 15
New Growth and Technology
The
The Ohio
Ohio State
State University
University

Turfgrass Pathology Program

2002
By Dr. Joe Rimelspach
The Ohio State University
Department of Plant Pathology Turf Program

MISSION:
To develop and maintain premier
Turfgrass Pathology Program at The Ohio State University
PEOPLE:
Faculty/Staff

Dr. Michael J. Boehm, (Teaching–45%,

Research–40%, Extension–15%)
Tenured Faculty Position, 1/21/1996–Present
(Currently Dr. Boehm is serving on active duty
for the United States military.)

Mr. Joseph W. Rimelspach, (Teaching–0%,

Research–15%, Extension–85%)
Extension Associate/Staff Position,
3/2/1992–Present
Mr. Todd E. Hicks, (Lab and Field Research
Manager)Research Assistant II–B/H,
7/2001–Present

Joe Rimelspach, Extension

Turfgrass Pathologist

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 16

Graduate students; Mandy Core,
Sam Thomas, and Young-Ki Jo.
Students/Current
(Four master level students have graduated from
the program since Dr. Boehm started in 1996.)
Ms. Samantha Thomas
Ph.D. student, Autumn 2000
Sam, has been with the Turfgrass Pathology program
since the fall of 1996. Her master’s degree project was the
determination of bacterial populations in sand-based
rootzone mixes. For her Ph.D., she is currently working
on designing a quick take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis
var. avenae [Gga]) assay to assess the role of organic
amendments and microbial inoculants on disease
incidence and severity. She will also be developing real-
time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers for Gga to
aid in the determination of Gga as the causal agent of
disease in infected turfgrass samples.
Mr. Young-Ki Jo
Ph.D. student, Spring 2001
Young-Ki started the Ph.D. program with Dr. Mike
Boehm in April 2001 after graduation from Michigan
State University. The focus of research is to develop man-
agement strategies for dollar spot fungus resistant to benz-
imidazole and demethlyation inhibitor fungicides.
Since last summer, dollar spot samples have been col-
lected in Ohio and have been screened for fungicide
sensitivity. At the same time, fungicide efficacy tests have
been set up on local golf courses where the dollar spot
fungus resistant to fungicides were found. Another
research area of interest is work on gray leaf spot.
Ms. Amanda B. Core
Masters student, Fall 2001
Mandy, started the Masters program with Dr.
Boehm in August after Graduating from Miami
University of Ohio. The focus of her program is bio-
logical control of Fusarium head scab in wheat. She
will be studying the interaction of biological control
agents with the pathogenic fungus on the wheat head.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 17

TEACHING
Dr. Boehm is the only individual in the group
that has a formal teaching appointment at the
University. Mr. Rimelspach and the students
participate both in formal classroom settings and
in continuing education and in Extension
education settings and forums. This spring Joe
Rimelspach will be teaching Plant Pathology
612–Turfgrass Pathology due to Mike serving
active duty in the United States military.
• Plant Pathology 401–General Plant
Pathology
• Plant Pathology 612–Turfgrass Pathology
• Plant Pathology 613–Integrated
Management of
• Turfgrass Insects, Diseases, and Weeds
(This is a senior cap stone class.)
• Currently turfgrass students make up
50–75% of PP 401. In 612 & 613 the
majority of the students are turf students.
Dr. Boehm has won four major teaching awards
in his short time here at Ohio State University.
These include: The Ohio State University Alumni
Award for Distinguished Teaching in 1999, The
Ohio State University College of Food Agriculture
and Environmental Science Plimpton Outstanding
Teaching Award in recognition of a commitment
to teaching excellent, and his last award was from
the undergraduate students in crop science, horti-
culture, and plant pathology for Outstanding
Teaching in the Plant Sciences. These awards
demonstrate that Dr. Boehm is held in high regard
by his peers and by students. This speaks very
highly of Dr. Boehm’s commitment to the student
here at Ohio State University. Teaching is Dr.
Boehm’s passion.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 18
Todd Hicks,
Lab and Field
Research
Manager
RESEARCH ( OTF support )
The Turfgrass Pathology Program has used the annual
funding support from Ohio Turfgrass Foundation to
augment and support many aspects of the teaching,
research, and Extension components of the program.
Dr. Boehm has used his annual allotments for direct
support of graduate students. This serves a duel purpose
of education and research.
Dr. Boehm received a large sum of money from OTF
as part of his start up package when he first came to Ohio
State. This was used to purchase an expensive piece of
equipment called a gas chromatograph (GC). This has
been used extensively by various research projects. At this
time the GC is primarily being used by Samantha Thomas
and her research work.
KEY RESEARCH AREAS INCLUDE:
• The use of compost and other bio-control agents
for managing turfgrass diseases and to manage turf-
grass health.
• The study of root zone mixes, especially the organic
component, and the effective management of root
diseases and to study the micro ecology of the root
zone profile.
• Dollar Spot management and the study of resistance
problems on golf courses dealing with this disease
• Numerous applied fungicide trials assessing the com-
mercially available fungicides, experimental fungicides,
and the use of other biological agents and materials to
manage turfgrass diseases.
• The evaluation of various management and cultural
practices and their impact on turfgrass health and
disease management.
EXTENSION
Information Transfer/Extension/Outreach
The Extension Plant Pathology Program develops
and communicates information on the maintenance
of environmentally sound turfgrass, solving turfgrass
problems, diagnosing diseases, and the use of inte-
grated health systems. These services are provided to
the Ohio turfgrass industry, county Extension per-
sonnel, and all Ohio citizens. Many aspects of these
efforts are supported partially by funds from OTF.
• Short courses, workshops, seminars, Agent
In-Services, continuing education
• Extension publications, written & electronic
information, newsletters, and trade articles
• Field days, tours, demonstration plots, industry
presentations
• Electronic information transfer, e-mail, video,
radio/TV
• Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT), instruct
on safe and effective pesticide use

Diagnostic Services
Provide the C. Wayne Ellett Plant and Pest
Diagnostic Clinic (CWEPPDC) with diagnoses of
turfgrass samples for diseases and disorders.
• Site and field visits are provided to the industry
and are a highly valuable component of
the turfgrass extension program.
• Assist research projects by providing diagnoses
of turfgrass diseases and disorders.
• Athletic field diagnostic consulting is provided
for numerous sites throughout the state.

Regional Turfgrass Education Program

(RTEP)
The overall goal of this extension project is to
advocate the use of environmentally sound turfgrass
health management strategies by homeowners,
commercial lawn care companies, municipalities,
and parks and recreation personnel through the
combined and coordinated efforts of state and county
extension personnel.
Dr. Boehm in military service
• Eight sites have been established in the state.
• A web site has been implemented as an electronic
turfgrass resource.
At this time the entire Turfgrass Pathology
Program team would like to thank OTF for it’s gener-
ous support and partnership over the years. We invite
input on how to improve the program and better
serve the turfgrass industry, county Extension system,
and all citizens of the state of Ohio and beyond.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 19

New Growth and Technology

Annual Bluegrass Seedheads

to Be or Not to Be?
Dr. John R. Street, Deborah D. Holdren,
and T. Karl Danneberger
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science
The Ohio State University

Annual bluegrass (AB) continues to be the most prevalent weed problem in high maintenance,
cool season golf course turf. Annual bluegrass management has improved due to a better under-
standing of AB subspecies and biotypes, changes in maintenance strategies to minimize AB stress,
and new fungicide tools for disease management. A major drawback to AB management is its capac-
ity to produce abundant seedheads in the spring and early summer significantly influencing playability.

S ome tools are available to assist in reducing or
eliminating AB seedhead production. None however
are a panacea. The major tool being used with
degrees of success is plant growth regulators (PGR’s).
The most common PGR’s for use today fit into two
general categories (Table 1): (1) PGR’s that inhibit
cell division (mitotic inhibitors) and truly inhibit seed-
head development and (2) PGR’s that inhibit cell
elongation (GA synthesis inhibitors) and result in
compact seedhead stalks.
Embark (Embark Lite) is the most efficacious
PGR for seedhead control. Embark is a growth
regulator that actually stops turf growth (i.e. inhibits
cell division) and eliminates seedhead production if
applied at the proper rate ( 1/16 to 1/8 lb ai/A) and
time. Unfortunately, the growth stoppage that occurs
with Embark can cause short- term turf discoloration
(phytotoxicity).Phytotoxicity/discoloration is very rate
sensitive so accurate application procedures are a
must when using this AB seedhead suppression strate-
gy. After the initial discoloration phase, the typical
dark green color response observed with most PGR
applications occurs. Embark does not assist in conver-
sion of creeping bentgrass (CB) - AB swards to CB.
Most turf managers apply an iron source tank
mixed with Embark to help mask some of the discol-
oration that typically occurs. Some iron sources will
antagonize the activity of Embark in tank mixes. Research
from the University of Illinois (Branham) indicates that
fully chelated iron sources will not reduce the effectiveness
of Embark (Table 2).
Successful seedhead control is predicated on proper
timing. Mefluidide applications need to be applied after
AB green-up but before seedhead emergence.
Traditionally, mefluidide applications are made anytime
between the first and middle of April depending on the
temperatures in Columbus. In Cincinnati, applications
would be made earlier than this and in Cleveland later.
However, application within this window is quite variable
depending on temperatures. Reported signs for proper
application timing include:
1. Apply when you can feel the seedhead within the
sheath or at “boot stage”. It is sometimes difficult to
access the boot stage.
2. Delay applications until full green-up otherwise the
green-up process will be delayed and turf quality will
be reduced.
3. Check for AB seedhead appearance in the rough. AB
will generally flower first in the rough followed by fair-
ways and greens. Thus the appearance of seedheads in
the rough would be a sign to treat fairways.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 20

 Table 1.
Characteristics of Commonly Used Plant Growth Regulators for Annual Bluegrass Management.

PGR Mode of Point of Plant

Name Action Entry Response Irrigation Company
Embark Lite miotic foliar inhibits cell division do not PBI Gordon
(melfluidide) inhibitor seedhead inhibition water in
Primo late GA foliar inhibits cell elongation do not Syngenta
(trinexepac-ethyl) synthesis compacts seedstalks water in
inhibitor
Trimmit early GA roots inhibits cell elongation water in Syngenta
(paclobutrazol) synthesis compacts seedstalks
inhibitor
Cutless early GA roots inhibits cell elongation water in See Pro
(flurprimidol) synthesis compacts seedstalks
inhibitor
Proxy ethylene- foliar abscission of flowers do not Aventis
(ethephon) based seedhead suppression water in
responses

4. Growing degree-models: Research studies report
that mefluidide applications can be made based
on growing degree-days (GDD). GDD are calcu-
lated a number of different ways, however the
most common is taking the average daily tempera-
ture and subtracting a base temperature which is
usually 50°F (10 C). These daily totals are accu-
mulated from a given start date. If the GDD for
the day is less than 0, the GDD is 0 (no negatives).
Using centigrade temperature readings and accu-
mulating GDD starting April 1st, the best time to
apply mefluidide is when the GDD total is between
10 and 30. For fahrenheit temperature, the GDD
total is 50–75. Widespread use of this model is prob-
ably restricted due to the start date of April 1st.
Cautions/points when using mefluidide include:
1. If you are interested in using the compound, and you
have not used it before, test it out on a small scale.
Discoloration to the turf can occur.
2. Keep applications on the turf to be treated. Spraying
“out in the rough” or other non-target turfgrass areas
where AB is not the primary turfgrass can result in
unwanted suppression of the turfgrass (most com-
monly Kentucky bluegrass or perennial ryegass).
3. Minimize any potential overlap.
PGR’s like Primo, Trimmit, and Cutless do not stop
growth but are true regulators in the sense that they
inhibit/slow cell elongation by inhibiting GA synthesis.
They are commonly called “GA inhibitors”. Seedheads are
still produced but the plants and seedstalks are more
compact and the seedstalks do not elongate as much as if
they were unregulated. The more diminutive, compact
seedhead results in a putting surface that is less irregular
even though seedheads are present. The effectiveness of
the latter PGR’s for AB seedhead control from OSU
research in the spring of 2001 are presented in Table 3.

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 21

 Table 2.
Influence of Iron Source on Embark Activity on Annual Bluegrass Seedhead Suppression.
All Embark Application Rates 0.125 lbs ai/A (1.8 oz/M). Applications were made on
5/5 and seedhead ratings were taken 5/31.

Rates Turf Quality % Seedhead % Seedhead

TREATMENT (oz prod/M) 5/20/88 Density Control
Control — 8.2 88 0
Embark alone 1.8 7.5 5 94
Embark + Ferromec AC 1.8 + 2 8.0 14 85
Embark + Ferromec AC 1.8 + 4 8.5 37 59
Embark + Ferromec AC 1.8 + 6 8.2 25 72
Embark + Lesco Fe Plus 1.8 + 3 8.5 27 70
Embark + FeSO 4 1.8 + 3.6 8.2 42 53
Embark + Ferromec 1.8 + 2 8.5 40 55
Embark + Ferromec 1.8 + 4 8.5 67 24
Embark + Ferromec 1.8 + 6 8.5 60 32
Embark + Agriplex 1.8 + 0.5 7.8 8 91
Embark + Agriplex 1.8 + 1.5 7.6 4 96
Embark + Scotts Iron S 1
1.8 + 1.5 lbs/M 9.0 8 91
LSD (P=0.05) 0.6 31
1
Scott’s Iron S is a granular iron product applied at the time of Embark application.
No antagonism would be expected from this type of product.
2
University of Illinois research (Bramham)

Table 3.
PGR Efficacy on AB Seedhead Suppression / Control

Rate Rate % Seedhead

PGR1 Form lbs ai/A oz/M Control2
April 20 May 7
Primo 1EC 0.085 0.25 36 9
Proxy 2SL 3.4 5 12 11
Proxy 2SL 6.8 10 8 20
Embark 2S 0.125 1.8 75 87
Embark 2S 0.0625 0.9 70 31
Trimmit 2SC 0.125 1.8 60 24
Embark + 2S 0.0625+ 0.9+
Proxy 2SL 3.4 5 56 41
Embark + 2S 0.0625+ 0.9+
Primo 1EC 0.085 0.25 65 28
Prograss 1.5EC 0.075 1.5 56 43
Prograss 1.5Ec 1.5 3.0 42 83
Untreated – – – 0 0

1
Treatment applied on April 9
2
% Control calculated based on AB seedhead counts in untreated plots
3
OSU research (Street & Holdren)

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 22


Member
Spotlight
A Passion Becomes a
Dream and is now a Reality
W hat do you want to be when you
grow up? We all have dreams; wants;
goals, ambitions; desires. Some of us
are privileged to know early on what we
want to become. A few of us will have
the ultimate benefit of seeing that
become reality. Darian Daily, Director of
Crew Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, discov-
ered early on his love of the game of
baseball and the excitement of a stadium. His dream was to make
it in the majors. This he did and much more.
Pursuing a career in turf management wasn’t a given. It wasn’t
something that he knew he always wanted to do. Being an archi-
tect was initially attractive but the love of baseball superceded. His
career and achievements are based upon study, hard work, doing
that which he enjoys and the guiding influence of people in the
field, who graciously are willing to share their knowledge and
experience.
Darians’ initial exposure in turf and facility management began
at Dickson County High School, as he worked in maintaining the
baseball playing fields. Baseball and its physical environs were
rapidly becoming a love. It became an ambition. The ability to play
the game was limited by physical constraints but this did not
diminish the interest and pleasure that was received by the experi-
ence. Shelby Rye, the then and present high school baseball coach
is credited with incentivizing him to get into the business. Shelby
instilled in him the vision of how to make it in the big leagues.
Upon graduation Shelby gifted Darian with a rake, a memento
which he still treasures today. It has been used just once, at the
beginning of the development of the Crew Soccer Stadium.
Darian graduated from Middle Tennessee University in 1992,
with a degree in Plants and Soil Science. He worked as the base-
ball team manager, responsible for the playing field. Initiative and
performance initially led to a partial scholarship and subsequently,
for his Junior and Senior years he was awarded a full scholarship.
During the summer months he worked for an AAA baseball team,
the Nashville Sounds. He started his professional career with a
baseball club in Winston-Salem, N.C. The ambiance and the
excitement of baseball and its environment enthralled him.
After a couple of years, he returned to work at Middle
Tennessee State. This was followed by a position as Grounds
Specialist for Brentwood Parks and Recreation in Brentwood, Tenn.
“To give people the
knowledge and tools to
make their lives as turf
managers even better.”
Darian Daily
Director
Columbus Crew Stadium
Columbus, Ohio
Responsibilities included 17 softball fields, 10 soccer fields and an amphithe-
ater. In 1992, the opportunity arose to become the Director of Stadium
Grounds for the Columbus Crew Stadium. This was not only a challenging
position; it was also an opportunity to return his family to home ground,
family and friends.
Development of major league soccer stadiums is still in its infancy.
Columbus Crew is the first professional soccer stadium to be built in the
U.S. The Crew Soccer Team is in the premier soccer division of the
United States. With considerable soccer team ownership held by football
team enterprises, coupled with access to their football fields, the demand
for specialized soccer fields is diminished. This is changing however with
the growing national interest in the sport. Plans are underway for
stadiums in Dallas, TX and Los Angeles CA.
When Darian arrived at Crew in April 1999, he didn’t have so much as
a screwdriver or a shovel. What he did have however was two capable,
full time assistants; a couple of part time internships and access to OTF
and a network of experienced professionals. When you speak with Darian,
you may talk about the scientific aspects of his program but what he truly
exudes is his recognition and recognition of people. For him, being part of
a team and a beautiful stadium is a daily pleasure. “Game day is a rush; it
is very exciting.” Being able to share and to give back to the profession is
what really matters. He tries to instill in his staff the awareness that for
some people, this will be their first time to see a professional stadium.
To make this visit a thrilling experience is a priority.
Being director of Crew provides extensive and diverse challenges. It is
the site for a wide variety of events, from all levels of soccer, to American
League Football, college and high school games and lacrosse. Add to
these major concerts such as NSYNC last year, and you are faced with
112-hour weeks, with 36-hour straight days. A sense of professional
satisfaction and public appreciation are partial rewards for this level of
commitment. Being a member of the Sports Turf Manager Assoc. and
OTF provides access to a network of people who have and are willing to
share their experience and advice. These relationships provide a comfort
level when faced with new endeavors. Darian has found his relationship
with the OTF and the proximity to Ohio State University a base of exten-
sive resources and support.
Darian is happily married to his wife Carole and they are blessed with
a daughter Peyton, age 2. Darian Daily simply loves his job. A dream has
become a reality. And it continues. For the future, he hopes to see contin-
ued MLS growth. Personally, it is his desire to share his knowledge and
experience with others, enabling them to share in the pleasure of the
experience. He is truly an all-star in the field of turf management.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 23
New Growth and Technology
Soil Amendments and Mulches
in Tree Health Management
Harry A.J. Hoitink, M.S. Krause, and Randy H. Zondag
Composts and mulches can be used successfully to
improve tree vigor and health. Unfortunately, these
organic amendments also can be applied in ways so
that negative effects are the end result. Many factors
contribute to success or failure in these soil organic
management practices. This paper reviews the most
critical factors that must be considered if mulches are to
be used successfully.
Fresh vs. Composted Organic Matter
Most fresh plant materials cause negative effects on
plant growth and/or health for some time after applica-
tion. For example, fresh straw used as mulch increases
water retention in soils, immobilizes nitrogen, resulting in
poor growth, and may also increase Phytophthora root
rot. Fresh ground wood seems to have similar effects.
Composted yardwaste prepared from ground wood
and grass clippings has the opposite effect. It improves
plant growth, improves both drainage and water reten-
tion, and can provide biological control of Phytophthora
root rot. The same results have been obtained with com-
posted tree barks.
In gardening, the type of organic matter used must be
considered also. Vetch plowed into soil as green manure
increases Pythium damping-off of lettuce if the crop is
planted within the first week after plowing. However, 10
days after plowing, when the green manure is fully colo-
nized by soil microorganisms, the disease is suppressed
and biocontrol prevails.
Harry A.J. Hoitink and M.S. Krause, Department of Plant
Pathology, Agricultural Research and Development Center,
The Ohio State University Wooster, Ohio; and Randy H.
Zondag, Ohio State University Extension, Lake County.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 24
Why do fresh amendments or mulches have these tem-
porary negative effects on plant health? Fresh plant tissues,
incorporated into soil, release sugars, proteins, and other
water soluble nutrients when they first begin to decay. This
stimulates many plant pathogens as well as other soil
microorganisms. Fresh organic matter undergoing high
rates of decomposition also binds water, making it “slippery”
when wet. The soil under mulch prepared from these
materials remains to high in moisture content, and can
aggravate root rots.
As soon as the organic matter is partially decomposed
and competition for nutrients begins among soil microor-
ganisms, beneficial effects begin. Pathogens now are sup-
pressed or killed, and beneficial microorganisms thrive,
including mycorrhizal fungi. The structure of the soil is
improved, which results in improved water retention under
dry weather conditions and better drainage during periods
of high precipitation. Soil fertility is affected also. While
organic matter decomposes, nutrients are released and ful-
vic acids are formed. Fulvic acids are resistant to decomposi-
tion and polymerize to form humic substances in soils.
Fulvic and some humic acids remain dissolved in water in
soil early during the decomposition process. These acids
chelate trace elements, such as iron, zinc, manganese, cop-
per, etc., and improve the availability of these elements in
soils. This is one reason why manures and sludges “green
up” plants on some high pH soils.
Highly stabilized sources of organic matter, such as that
in muck soils or peat, as well as humic substances in miner-
alized farm soils, do not provide these same beneficial
effects. Pathogens typically cause heavy losses in such soils
unless pesticides are used.
Are All Composts or Mulches Equal?
Composts prepared from yard wastes, manures, and
sewage sludges tend to release significant quantities of
nutrients for plant growth. They also may be high in salt
content, which can present problems. These products
need to be applied based on the fertility requirement for
the crop. However, since the nutrients are released over
several years, large amounts can be applied relative to the
same amounts of nutrients in manufactured fertilizers.
One half bushel of these products per tree gives positive
effects on tree crops for the reasons given previously.
Composted manures and sludges contain large quanti-
ties of fine particles and tend to encourage germination
of weed seeds. These types of materials should be incor-
porated into the soil during planting. They are not ideal
when used as mulches. Coarser products should be used
as mulches.
Hardwood bark and hammer milled pallets, etc., tend
to consist of large particles, and these products immobi-
lize nitrogen unless composted first. The best procedure
is to nitrify this material with manure or composted
sewage sludge (15% by volume), poultry manure (30 to
60 lbs/cubic yard), or urea (2 lbs/cubic yard). It should
then be composted in winrows at temperatures of 120 to
140°F at 50 to 70% moisture content for six to eight
weeks. This large-particle composted product is very
effective, if applied as a mulch at a volume of one or
more bushels per tree.
Composted yard wastes also enhance soil fertility and
have provided some biological control of diseases caused
by several soil-borne plant pathogens. The fine particles
(less than one inch in diameter) screened out of com-
posted yard waste make excellent soil amendments for
top-soil preparation. The coarse faction (greater than one
inch in diameter) makes an excellent mulch that has
long-lasting beneficial effects.
Timing of Application
Fresh undercomposed materials and composts high in
salinity must be applied in the fall or winter when
pathogens and the crop are least active to allow for leach-
ing an provide beneficial effects later. Composted sewage
sludges and manures high in salinity, applied in the
spring or summer when Phytophthora and Pythium are
most active, often increase disease pressures rather than
provide control. Application of these products in the late
fall or mid-winter allows for leaching of salts and provides
positive rather than negative effects.
Several producers of composts have learned to
monitor and control the salinity and fertility effects of
composts. It is possible today, therefore, to use these
products beneficially at any time of the year and avoid
negative side effects. The best approach is to blend high
nutrient content materials with tree bark to provide long-
lasting beneficial effects.
Optimum Depth of Mulch Layer
Most mulches need to be applied at a two-inch depth
to provide weed control. Some landscapers apply mulches
to a depth of four to six inches. Wood chips applied to a
depth of four inches decrease the colonization of trees by
mycorrhizal fungi as shown in a reforestation trail in
Alberta. A two-inch-deep layer enhanced tree establish-
ment and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi over the con-
trol in that work. Many reports have shown that mycor-
rhizal fungi are stimulated by organic amendments if
the correct amount of material is applied, and this also
promotes plant health and vigor.
Some mulches, as mentioned earlier, can be very high
in nutrient content and salinity. Composted manures and
yard wastes, for example, may contain up to 1% potash
on a dry-weight basis. The nutrients in these materials
must be considered or toxicity may result. Fertility guide-
lines must be followed for these materials.
How Long Do Effects Last?
The effect of a two-inch layer of composted hardwood
bark lasts well into the third year. The lignin (dark
material) and waxes in bark resist decomposition, and
this is the reason for the long-term effect. Composted
yard wastes break down much more rapidly because the
principal material is cellulose, that decomposes readily.
A two-inch-deep layer of such mulch lasted well into the
third year on strawberries at The Ohio State University
and lasted through three years in a mulch study on trees
in nurseries.
Composted manures and green manures decompose
even more rapidly and should be incorporated into the
soil. The length of time that each product lasts depends
on the chemistry of the original material and may other
factors.
Summary
Mulches and composts, if used properly, provide beneficial
effects through any of several mechanisms. It is best to apply com-
posted products. Raw products should be applied in the late fall
or winter. Do not apply more available mineral nutrients in the
mulch than the amount required for the crop. Compost or manure
analysis complete with soil analysis and crop need should form
the basis for application rates. The frequency of application varies
from crop to crop and product to product. It is most important to
use these products when trees are first planted.
OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 25
Message From Your
Executive Director

M any changes have recently been made to the governance structure of the
Ohio Turfgrass Foundation that may need explanation. They are important
changes that allow us to better serve you—our members. Please be assured that
when the OTF Board of Directors meets and makes strategic decisions, the
interests of our members and Ohio’s turfgrass industry are THE priority.
As you may recall, last October at a special member meeting, the Board of
Directors voted to reduce the number of voting trustees serving on the Board
from 14 to 11. The position of President Elect and two trustee positions were
eliminated. Dr. John Street and I serve as ex-officio Board members—meaning
that we do not have a vote, but still serve on the Board.
Does this mean there are fewer individuals making the strategic decisions affecting the organization?
Absolutely not!
As announced and explained in prior issues of TurfNews, the Ohio Turfgrass Research Trust (OTRT) was
recently formed. OTRT is an extension of OTF, but has a different classification as far as the Internal
Revenue Service is concerned. Both OTF and OTRT are not-for-profit organizations, but OTRT is considered
a 501(c)3 charitable organization with several tax advantages. Its tax-exempt status offers many benefits for
future fund-raising campaigns. OTRT will enable us to raise large sums of money—thus increasing the
research and education support we are able to provide.
OTRT has its own Board of Directors and bylaws. Its bylaws state that there must be an OTF trustee
serving on the OTRT Board at all times. OTF must approve all nominations to the OTRT Board.
• The 2002 OTRT Board of Directors, all OTF Past (or current) Presidents, follows:
• President—Randy Tischer, Green Velvet Sod Farms
• Treasurer—Doug Halterman
• OTF Representative—Mark Heinlein, The Motz Group
• Paul Jacquemin, The Andersons
• Gene Probasco
• Bob O’Brien, Century Equipment
Furthermore, under the direction of the OTRT Board of Directors, an important new committee has
been formed. It is called the Research Review Advisory Committee (RRAC).
The RRAC currently consists of two OTF/OTRT Board representatives and five researchers from the OSU
Turfgrass Science Team. The committee is responsible for making recommendations regarding the allocation
of research funds. It serves a very important function that will enable OTF to best utilize available funds. It
will also allow for increased fundraising, and enhance the dissemination of information to OTF members.
More about the RRAC will be explained in future issues.
As you can see, many individuals are involved in the strategic decision making at OTF. A synergy now
exists, unlike any I have experienced in over three years as your Executive Director. Under the current leader-
ship and organizational structure, the future looks very bright for OTF and the turfgrass industry in Ohio.

Cordially,
Kevin Thompson
OTF Executive Director

OTF TurfNews • Vol 64 • No. 2 • 2002 • Page 26

 PRESRT STD
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PO Box 3388
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OTF Board of Trustees 2002 OTF Officers OSU Turfgrass

Trustees President
Mark Heinlein
Science Team
Term Expires 2003
The Motz Group Dr. Michael J. Boehm
Dr. Chuck Darrah The Ohio State University
CLC LABS Vice President Dept. Plant Pathology
John Mowat
Mark Grunkemeyer Century Equipment Dr. Karl Danneberger
Buckeye Ecocare The Ohio State University
Treasurer Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Mark Jordan George Furrer
Westfield Companies Country Club Lesco, Inc. Mr. Michael Fulton
The Ohio State University
Trustees Immediate Past President Agricultural Technical Institute
Term Expires 2004 Len Dunaway
Xenia Power Equipment Dr. David Gardner
Boyd Montgomery The Ohio State University
Sylvania Recreation Director of Education Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Dr. John R. Street
Lin Ropp The Ohio State University Dr. Parwinder Grewal
UHS OARDC/OSU
Executive Director Dept. Entomology
Todd Voss Kevin Thompson
Double Eagle Golf Club OTF/Offinger Management Co. Dr. Ed McCoy
OARDC
Trustees School of Natural Resources
Term Expires 2005
Mr. Joseph W. Rimelspach (Chairman)
Glen Pottenger The Ohio State University
Larch Tree Golf Course Dept. Plant Pathology
Ms. Pamela Sherratt
The Ohio State University
Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Dr. Dave Shetlar
The Ohio State University
Dept. Entomology
Dr. John R. Street
The Ohio State University
Dept. Hort. & Crop Science
Dr. Daniel Voltz
The Ohio State University
Agricultural Technical Institute
Mr. David A. Willoughby
The Ohio State University
Agricultural Technical Institute