Lecture No.

28
Subject: Reinforcing Steel and
Reinforced Concrete

Objectives of Lecture:
To explain te properties of reinforcing
steel
To introduce te reinforced concrete
Steel Reinforce!ent
Steel reinforce!ent usuall" consists of
deformed bars aving lugs or protrusions
#defor!ations$% as so&n in te follo&ing 'ig.
Te defor!ations of bars inibit longitudinal !ove!ent
of te bar relative to te concrete tat surrounds it
Standard (i!ensions and )eigts of
Reinforcing *ars
Te defor!ed bars are available in te +nited States in
si,es - to 2. in. #/.0 to 01 !!$ no!inal dia!eter

Standard di!ensions and &eigts of reinforcing bars%

according to 2ST3 prior to 1996% are presented in te
follo&ing Table:
Standard di!ensions and &eigts of reinforcing bars%
according to Canadian Standard% are presented in te
follo&ing Table:

Te no!inal dia!eter of a defor!ed bar is e4uivalent to te dia!eter of a plain bar

aving te sa!e &eigt per foot as te defor!ed bar
2
Ne& 2ST3 standards% after 1996% pertaining to
di!ensions and &eigts of reinforcing bars are
presented in te follo&ing Table:
5rades of Reinforcing *ars
Te grade of a reinforcing bar is te !ini!u!
specified yield stress
Te grades of reinforcing bars% based on 6//7 2ST3%
are presented in te follo&ing Table:
3
Stress8Strain Curves for Reinforcing *ars
in Tension
5rade 9: #for #3 to #6 bar size$ and 5rade 7:
#for #3 to #18 bar size$ correspond to billet
steel and co!!onl" used as reinforcing steel
T"pical stress8strain curves for 5rade 9: and
5rade 7: reinforcing bars are so&n in te
follo&ing 'ig.:
4
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced concrete is a logical union of te
follo&ing t&o co!ponents:
Plain concrete
#&ic possesses ig co!pressive strengt but little
tensile strengt$
Steel bars embedded in the concrete
#&ic can provide te needed strengt in tension as
&ell as co!pression in te reinforced concrete colu!ns
and in te co!pression ,one of bea!s$
2 reinforced concrete si!pl" supported bea!
and its cross8section are so&n in te
follo&ing 'ig.:
5
Joint performance of steel and concrete
Steel and concrete ∨ readil" in
co!bination for several reasons:
ond !interaction bet"een bars and s#rro#nding
hardened concrete$ prevents slip of te bars
relative to te concrete
<roper concrete !ixes provide ade4uate
impermeability of the concrete against
&ater intrusion and bar corrosion
Sufficientl" similar rates of thermal
e%pansion !that is 1&' ( 1'
)6
to 1&3 ( 1'
)6
* +, for
concrete and 1&- ( 1'
)6
* +, for steel$ introduce
negligible forces bet&een steel and
concrete under at!osperic canges of
te!perature

6
.ail#re of reinforced concrete
Tere are tree t"pes of failures of reinforced
concrete structures:
alanced fail#re/ *ot steel as &ell as
concrete fail si!ultaneousl". Suc a
reinforced section is ter!ed as balanced or
econo!ical section
0ension fail#re/ Steel fails first ten concrete.
Tis ta;es place &en section is #nder)
reinforced #i.e. steel area is less tan tat
corresponding to te balanced section$
,ompression fail#re/ Concrete fails first ten
steel. Tis ta;es place &en section is o1er)
reinforced #i.e. steel area is !ore tan tat
corresponding to te balanced section$
2ote/
3#e to brittle fail#re !i&e& s#dden fail#re
"itho#t gi1ing "arning sign$ of concrete the
reinforced sections are designed either as
balanced section or #nder)reinforced section
7