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WGST 302.

001: Understanding Feminist Theories


GENL 499.004 Understanding Feminist Theories
Spring 2013
MWF 2:00 pm - 2:50 pm CC 118


Syllabus

Professor: Dr. Julie Cary Nerad E-mail: Julie.Nerad@morgan.edu
Office: 213 Holmes Hall Office Phone: 443-885-1742
Mailbox: 202 Holmes Hall Dept. Phone: 443-885-3165
Office Hours: M, W, & F 10:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m.;
& 1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.; & by appointment


Prerequisites

This course fulfills a requirement for the Minor in Womens and Gender Studies. There are no
official prerequisites for this course. However, this course assumes as a starting point your basic
familiarity with Womens & Gender Studies as a discipline, as well as your knowledge of
various concepts key to understanding complex feminist theories. Thus, successfully completing
WGST 301: Introduction to Womens Studies before enrolling in this course is highly
recommended. WGST 301/GENL 399 is offered each fall semester.

You do not need to consider yourself a feminist to complete this course successfully. However, I
do expect all students to explore the ideas we will examine with an open mind. I also expect you
to respect others differences (of opinion, belief, political party, sexual orientation, etc.).

About the Class

Through assigned readings, discussions, various media, and writing & research assignments, this
course will focus on the diverse theories that inform feminism as a social and political ideology.

Central to contemporary feminist theories is the understanding of gender as a pervasive social
construction that reflects and determines differentials of power and opportunity in the human
community. The critical perspective of scholars of feminist theory establishes the social
construction of gender as a focal point in a complex matrix with class, race, ethnicity,
nationality, and sexual orientation as fundamental categories of social and cultural analysis.
Feminist theories thus allow a specific perspective into U. S. culture and the specific
manifestations of culture, such as visual media, literature, law, etc. Over the course of the
semester, we will examine various feminist theories, the historical development of those theories,
and the implications of those theories for peoples lived experience, here in the U.S. and around
the world.

The course is organized into four basic units: Toward a Working Definition of Feminism; First-
Wave Feminism; Second-Wave Feminisms; Third-Wave Feminisms. Within each of these units,
we will explore key theoretical concepts, terminology, and goals, as well as points of contention
and difference. We will also look at various theories in application to specific issues.
Nerad, WGST 302/GENL 499.004 Syllabus 2

Course Objectives

This course aims to teach students to:

1. Understand the development of feminist thought and theories in the Western intellectual tradition
(first-wave, second-wave, and third-wave) primarily by analyzing various texts addressing
aspects of the oppression and liberation of women;
2. Know the diverse meanings of feminism or doing feminist theory within a broad, global
context by taking into consideration many divergent voices from various cultural backgrounds;
3. Know the historical continuities and discontinuities among various feminist theories, including
liberal, Black, post-structural, post-colonial, and transnational feminisms;
4. Understand opposing viewpoints and issues in contemporary feminist theory, especially around
the problematic of difference;
5. Understand the implication of feminist theories for peoples lived experience, including their
own.


Student Learning Outcomes

After completing this course, students should be able to:

1. Discuss and write about the development of feminist thought and theories in the Western
intellectual tradition (the three waves) with a focus on aspects of the oppression and liberation of
women;
2. Identify and articulate the diverse meanings of feminism or doing feminist theory within
various cultural contexts;
3. Explain the historical continuities and discontinuities among various feminist theories, including
liberal, Black, post-structural, post-colonial, and transnational feminisms;
4. Explain opposing viewpoints and issues in contemporary feminist theory, especially around the
problematic of difference;
5. Articulate some of the ways that feminist theories affect peoples lived experience and identify
their own subject positions within the framework of feminist theory based on what they have
learned.

Assessment & Grade Distribution

Student learning will be assessed using the following assignments:

1. Class & Bb participation, including verbal & written tasks/quizzes 25%
2. A midterm examination 15%
3. Three 3-4 page Unit Response Essays (5%; 10%; 15%) 30%
4. A 7-8 page final research paper or project 30%


Grading Scale: A = 100-90 B = 89-80 C = 79-70 D = 69-60 F = 59-0





A Special Note About Your Grades: NO work (including revisions or additional work) will be
accepted after you receive a grade, including the final course grade. Your course grade is based
on your performance and the work submitted during the semester. You have ample opportunity to
revise your work before it is graded and should be attending to your grades throughout the
semester.

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About Teaching Methods

In class, you can expect some lecture, a healthy amount of class discussion, various kinds of writing
activities (including quizzes and writing workshops), and the use of visual media (e.g., brief films,
internet resources, etc.) as our access to technology allows. We will be using Blackboard (Bb) to
supplement our readings and class discussions.


About Class Participation (25% of Course Grade)

Our daily classes will be conducted primarily through brief lecture and extended discussions (media will
be incorporated into those discussions as our access to technology allows) and will proceed from your
questions, concerns, insights, and analysis of the readings and homework assignments. Thus, I expect that
you not only will have read the text assigned/done the homework for each class meeting, but also that you
have thought about the text/assignments before class discussion. To reiterate: completing the reading
assignments is a required part of this course. I expect you to come to class every day prepared with at
least one question or critical reflection about the assigned reading/videos that you have expressed in
writing in your course notebook in advance of class. Be prepared to share that question or reflection with
the class when called upon (I may also collect these in writing on any given day.). I n short a significant
part of your class participation grade depends on your ability to demonstrate that you have read the
assigned materials for each class day.

As a reminder, I expect you to treat one anothers ideas respectfully and seriously, even if or especially
if you disagree. The purpose of class discussions is not to come to a consensus on specific issues, but
rather to explore intelligently various critical positions. These guidelines apply to any threaded
discussions that might take place on Blackboard (Bb) as well. (Please read the Netiquette Guide available
on the Getting Started page of our Bb course before participating in Bb discussion threads.) My
evaluation of your verbal/Bb thread contributions will focus on your attentiveness and the quantity and
quality of your contributions to our discussions. Also note: we may have quizzes based on the reading or
any material previously covered in class and/or in-class written assignments, group or individual.

Some important caveats concerning class participation:

If your behavior is disruptive (including being off-task or texting/emailing/surfing), I may ask
you to leave the room, and you will receive no credit for that days activity/discussion. Please
respect your classmates.

If an activity is assigned as a group activity and I observe that you are not participating fully in
your group, you will receive no credit for that groups efforts.

Use of electronic devices (including but not limited to computers, cell/smart phones, tablets,
MP3s, etc.) is prohibited unless otherwise approved by me. Please turn your electronic gadgets
off and put them away before class begins. Do not send/receive text messages or emails during
class. Use of such devices during class time will negatively affect your class participation grade.


About the Midterm Exam (15% of Course Grade)

The midterm will be administered in class and will consist of a variety of testing methods (multiple
choice, fill in the blank, short answer, essay, etc.). The midterm will cover the first two units/modules and
the beginning of the third unit/module of the course. We will review for the midterm in class.
Nerad, WGST 302/GENL 499.004 Syllabus 4

About the Unit Response Essays (30% of Course Grade)

For the first three units of the course, you will need to write a 2-3 page critical response essay (minimum
for full credit is two full pages). In each paper, you should explore a particular theme or issue important
to that unit. Your papers should be focused and make a specific point about the theme/issue you have
selected. They should also engage the texts (i.e., you should use the texts to support your points; use
MLA style parenthetical citations). The primary goals of these papers are to help you think about the
issues in a critical way and to improve your ability to construct focused arguments in writing.

The essays will be assessed by the following criteria: a clear thesis statement; cohesive, focused, and
well-developed paragraphs; adequate use of the texts to support your argument; depth and factual
accuracy of argument; correct grammar, usage, spelling, and punctuation; mature style; and correct
formatting (use standard class format). You will also need to attach a Works Cited page using MLA style.
The weight of the papers will be graduated: the first is worth 5%; the second is worth 10%; the third is
worth 15%. This graduation is based on an expectation that your writing will improve from one paper to
the next as we move through the semester. If writing is not your forte, please make use of the campus
resources, including the University Writing Center (in the Richardson Library). You may also come
discuss your papers with me during office hours. These essays are due as indicated on the Daily Schedule.

About the Research Paper (30% of Course Grade)

We will discuss the paper in more detail later in the semester, but, in sum, you will need to write an
original research paper focusing on one or more of the texts, concepts, issues, themes, or theories we have
read/discussed in this class over the course of the semester. You should include at least four reputable,
academic secondary sources outside of those we have read for class. The paper should be a minimum of 7
full pages and a maximum of 8 pages, in addition to the Works Cited page.

The essays will be assessed by the following criteria: a clear thesis statement; cohesive, focused, and
well-developed paragraphs; adequate use of the texts to support your argument; depth and factual
accuracy of argument; correct grammar, usage, spelling, and punctuation; mature style; and correct
formatting (use standard class format -- I will not accept papers or drafts that are not typed). You also
must attach a Works Cited page using MLA style. I will not grade any paper without a Works Cited
page. All papers must be your original work. I take these papers seriously and expect original, college-
level writing and research. I will check papers for plagiarism (see below for plagiarism penalties).

If you would like to submit a draft ahead of time at least ten days before the due date, at the latest I
will be happy to provide comments and suggestions for revisions. You should also feel free to come to
my office to discuss your paper ideas and topics. Note: If you are not confident about your ability to write
a research paper, you need to prepare to spend a good amount of time learning those skills outside of
class. And, again, dont forget your campus resources, including the University Writing Center (located in
the Richardson Library).











*** Possible substitutions for the research paper include developing a website or an activist
project focusing on one or more of the texts, concepts, themes, or theories we have
read/discussed in this class over the course of the semester. The work must be equivalent in
scope and depth of research to the research paper. If you would like to consider one of these
options instead of a research paper, please see me no later than the week after Spring Break to
discuss your ideas.

Nerad, WGST 302/GENL 499.004 Syllabus 5

Standard Class Format

You need to submit all out-of-class assignments using the following guidelines. Work submitted in any
other format will be penalized up to 5 points. Unless otherwise indicated, all work must be typed.

1. Typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-font, 1" margins (all sides)
2. Your name, the Course, Assignment, Date (in that order) in the top left corner of the first page
3. Your last name & page number in the top right corner (including first page & Works Cited page)
4. No cover page

About Attendance, Student Conduct, & Late Penalties

The attendance policy is simple: come to class. You must be present and prepared on a daily basis to do
well in this course. I also expect you to be punctual; you will not be allowed to make up work or quizzes
missed because of tardiness. Each unexcused absence or tardiness will negatively affect your class
participation grade. I f you miss more than 15 minutes of class for any unexcused reason, you will be
counted absent for the day. All assignments are due at the beginning of the class period. Assignments
submitted late (after the date and time of collection) will be lowered 7 points per class meeting. No
assignment will be accepted more than 3 class days after the due date. If your absence was unavoidable,
see me during my office hours to discuss a waiver of late penalties.

Note: Assignments submitted late due to computer, printer, lab, or disk problems will NOT be
excused. You need make two backups of your work (e.g., email yourself a copy and save your work to a
jump drive). Also, printing a hardcopy at the end of each work session secures against losing work due to
computer malfunction. Finally, you should allow time for computer glitches and lab traffic. You not the
computer lab are responsible for having your work completed and printed out, ready to submit, on time.

As noted above under Class Participation, texting or any unauthorized use of technology during class is
prohibited and will negatively affect your participation grade. If you are being disruptive to the class
(including abuse of technology), I will ask you to leave the classroom and you will lose participation
points for the day. All Bb participation should conform to the policies laid out in the Netiquette Guide.
Inappropriate conduct on Bb will result in (at minimum) a reduction of your class participation grade.
Please familiarize yourself with MSUs Code of Student Conduct and the Netiquette Guide, available
in the Getting Started section in our Bb course.

Finally, please note that no revisions of research papers/projects or the Unit Essays will be accepted after
they receive a grade. All revisions must be completed before an assignment is submitted for a grade.

About Academic Honesty

I will not tolerate plagiarism in this class. If you have any questions about what constitutes plagiarism,
please come ask me for clarification. In short, you must cite ANY information that is not your own,
including but not limited to information from books, magazines, newspapers, movie/book dust jackets,
any internet source, another persons written work in any form, etc. You must accurately and responsibly
identify all sources. Direct quotations, paraphrases, and summaries all require you to identify clearly the
information that you have used from a source (use MLA citation format). The penalties for plagiarism
or academic dishonesty in this course are as follows: any test, paper, or other assignment that has
been plagiarized (in part or in whole) will receive zero (0) points and will fail. If you submit a
second paper/test/assignment that has been plagiarized (in part or in whole), you will fail the
course. You may also be subject to additional university penalties. Please read MSUs Policy on
Academic Dishonesty, available in our Bb course under Getting Started.
Nerad, WGST 302/GENL 499.004 Syllabus 6

Required Texts

Dicker, Rory. A History of U. S. Feminisms. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008.
Freedman, Estelle, ed. The Essential Feminist Reader. New York: Random House, 2007.
Guy-Sheftall, Beverly, ed. Words of Fire: An Anthology of African-American Feminist Thought. New
York: The New Press, 1995.
hooks, bell. Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics. Brooklyn, NY: South End Press, 2000.
Additional texts (as listed on daily schedule) accessed at Blackboard (Bb)
Handouts as distributed and websites as assigned throughout the semester.


Daily Schedule

This schedule provides a tentativelayout of in-class and out-of-class activities and assignments. Because it is
based on the estimated progress of our class, modifications may be necessary as we move through the
semester. Quizzes, group work, and writing activities as well as videos or informational links posted
on Bb will supplement our readings and class discussions throughout the semester and may not be
listed below. These additional materials will be announced in class or via Bb announcements.

I n the event class is cancelled, you should continue your out-of-class assignments according to this
schedule AND check Blackboard for further or revised instructions.

Reminder: check Bb daily for course updates.

Date In-Class Out-of-Class
Wednesday,
Jan. 23
Personal Information Sheets
Contact Sheet
Student Survey
Review Syllabus
For Friday, Jan. 25:
Read the syllabus carefully
Log on to Bb course read the Welcome
Announcement & Getting Started section
Buy your books
Friday,
Jan. 25
A word on starting a dictionary of
terms

Opening discussion Our cultures
stereotypes of feminists, feminism, etc.
For Monday, Jan. 28: Begin Unit/Module 1
Read: Dicker Prologue (vii-ix)
Read: hooks Intro and Feminist Politics (vii-6)
Read in EFR: Freedman Intro (xi-xviii)
Monday,
Jan. 28
Begin Unit/Module One
Discussion: Toward a Definition of
Feminism
For Wednesday, Jan. 30:
Read: Dicker Chapter 1 (1-20)

Wednesday,
Jan. 30
Lecture/Discussion: Dickers Intro
An Overview of the Waves
For Friday, Feb. 1:
Print & Read: Types of Feminism & Kinds of
Feminism (both on Bb) bring hardcopy to class
Friday,
Feb. 1
Lecture/Discussion: A Brief Overview
of Types of Feminism (Humanist,
Liberal, Radical, Black; Difference;
Post-Structural; Marxist/Social;
Womanist; Eco-; I- and more . . . )
For Monday, Feb. 4: Begin Unit/Module 2
Read: Dicker Chapter 2 (21-55)
Read: MacLean (3-6) (handout)

Unit 1 Response Essay due on Friday, Feb. 8
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Monday,
Feb. 4
Begin Unit/Module Two
Lecture/Discussion: Overview of First
Wave Feminism The Womens
Rights Movement Equality/Humanist
Feminism
For Wednesday, Feb. 6:
Read in WoF: Intro (1-12) & Beginnings (23-
24) & Truth (35-38)
Read in EFR: Grimke (47-51) & Truth (63-66)
Wednesday,
Feb. 6
Lecture/Discussion: The Interracial
Roots of the Womens Rights Mvmt.
Key Ideas and Voices
For Friday, Feb. 8:
Read in EFR: Stanton (57-62) & Mill (73-84)
Unit 1 Essay due beginning of class on Friday.
Friday,
Feb. 8
Unit 1 Essay due beginning of class
Lecture/Discussion: Seneca Falls &
The Declaration of Sentiments
For Monday, Feb. 11:
Read in EFR: Anthony (85-91) & Stanton (122-27)
& Ibsen (92-98) & Oppenheim (185)
Monday,
Feb. 11
Lecture/Discussion: Womens Roles in
the Domestic & Public Spheres
For Wednesday, Feb. 13:
Read in WoF: Harper (40-42) & Cooper (44-49)
Read in EFR: Cooper (116-21) & Du Bois (204-
10) & Ramirez (183)
Wednesday,
Feb. 13
Lecture/Discussion: The Work of the
Black Woman
For Friday, Feb. 15:
Read in EFR: Sanger (211-16) & (TBA)
Friday,
Feb. 15
Lecture/Discussion: Womens Rights
and Birth Control
For Monday, Feb. 18:
Read in EFR: Gilman (128-44)
Monday,
Feb. 18
Discussion: The Yellow Wallpaper

For Wednesday, Feb. 20:
Read in WFR: Kollontai (175-81) & WILPF (199-
203) & Ali (217-19) & Akiko (184)
Wednesday,
Feb. 20
Lecture/Discussion: The International
Effort
For Friday, Feb. 22:
Read: Firestone (handout)
Read in EFR: Goldman (168-74)
Read in WoF: McDougald (79-83) & Dunbar-
Nelson (85-88)
Friday,
Feb. 22
Lecture/Discussion: The Myth of
Emancipation & Other Limitations
For Monday, Feb. 25:
Review
Monday,
Feb. 25
Unit Two Wrap Up Discussion

For Wednesday, Feb 27: Begin Unit/Module 3
Read: Dicker Chapter 3 (57-101)
Unit 2 Essay due on Monday, March 4.
Wednesday,
Feb. 27
Begin Unit/Module Three
Lecture/Discussion: Overview of
Second Wave Feminism The
Womens Liberation Movement
Difference, Essentialist, Gynocentric,
Black Feminisms, & more
For Friday, March 1:
Read: Sarachild Feminist Consciousness Raising
(76-8) (handout)
Read: hooks (7-43; 55-60)


Friday,
March 1
Lecture/Discussion: More on
Consciousness-Raising; How the
Personal is Political; and Who Had
Voice
For Monday, March 4:
Read: CAW & Stern (47-54) (handout)
Read in EFR: de Beauvoir (251-62)
Unit 2 Essay due beginning of class on Monday.
Monday,
March 4
Unit 2 Essay due beginning of class
Lecture/Discussion: de Beauvoirs The
Second Sex (1949)
For Wednesday, March 6:
Read in WoF: Hansberry (125-42)
Nerad, ENGL 204, 8

Wednesday,
March 6
Lecture/Discussion: Hansberrys
response to de Beauvoir
For Friday, March 8:
Midterm Exam Review Sheet
Friday,
March 8
Review for Midterm Exam For Monday, March 11:
Study for Midterm Exam
Monday,
March 11
Review for Midterm Exam
For Wednesday, March 13:
Study for Midterm Exam
Wednesday,
March 13
Midterm Exam Day 1

For Friday, March 15:
Prepare to complete Midterm Exam
Friday,
March 15
Midterm Exam - Day 2


March
18-22
Spring Break For Monday, March 25:
Read in EFR: Friedan (269-82) & Mainardi (288-
94)
Read: Facts About Marriage (87-88) (handout)
Monday,
March 25
Lecture/Discussion: Friedans The
Feminine Mystique
For Wednesday, March 27:
Read: NOW Stmt. of Purpose (69-76) (handout)
Read: Weiss Identity, Difference . . . (1-2) (Bb)
Read: On Identity Politics (TBA)
Wednesday,
March 27
Lecture/Discussion: Humanist/Equality
Feminism vs. Difference/Gynocentric
Feminism & a Note on Identity Politics
For Friday, March 29:
Read: hooks (78-99)
Read: Rich (Compulsory Heterosexuality) (TBA)
Read: Daughters of Bilitis & Radicalesbians (58-
59; 100-103) (handout)
Read in WoF: Clarke (241-51)
Read in EFR: Wittig (360-66)
Friday,
March 29
Lecture/Discussion: Compulsory
Heterosexuality, Lesbianism, &
Feminism
For Monday, April 1:
Read in WoF: Beale (145-55) & LaRue (164-73) &
Wallace (220-27)
Read: Murray (69-71) (handout)
Monday,
April 1
Lecture/Discussion: Foundations of
Black Feminism
For Wednesday, April 3:
Read in EFR: Murray (283-87) & CRC (325-30) &
Lorde (331-35)
Read in WoF: Smith (254-67)
Wednesday,
April 3
Lecture/Discussion: The CRC & Black
Feminist Theory
For Friday, April 5:
Read in WoF: hooks (269-82) & Collins (337-57)
Friday,
April 5
Lecture/Discussion: More on Black
Feminist Thought
For Monday, April 8:
Read: Crenshaw (available via JSTOR)
Unit 3 Essay due beginning of class on Monday.
Monday,
April 8
Unit 3 Essay due beginning of class

Review Research Paper Assn. Sheet

Lecture/Discussion: Crenshaws
Mapping the Margins
Intersectionality & Anti-Essentialism
For Wednesday, April 10:
Read in EFR: Brownmiller (311-17)
Read: hooks 61-66
Read: Griffin (99-100) (handout)
Read: Violence Agnst. Women (128-30) (handout)
Begin research paper

Wednesday,
April 10
Lecture/Discussion: Rape & Other
Forms of Violence Against Women
For Friday, April 12:
Read in WoF: Intro, Omolade, & Hine (359-87)
Read: Shange With no Immediate Cause (Bb)
Nerad, ENGL 204, 9

Friday,
April 12
Lecture/Discussion: Rape & Other
Forms of Violence Against Women
cont.
For Monday, April 15:
Read: Introduction (24-27) (handout)
Read in WoF: Chisholm (389-95)
Read: Reproducing Patriarchy (Bb)
Monday,
April 15
Lecture/Discussion: Abortion Remix
the Importance of Reproductive Rights
For Wednesday, April 17: Begin Unit/Module 4
Read: Lorber (Bb)
Read: The Social Construction of Gender (Bb)
Watch: The Social Construction of Gender (Bb)
Wednesday,
April 17
Begin Unit/Module Four
Lecture/Discussion: The Social
Construction of Gender Post-
Structuralist Feminism
For Friday, April 19:
Read: Butler (Bb)
Watch: Interview with Butler (Bb)

Dont neglect your research paper!
Friday,
April 19
Lecture/Discussion: Butlers Notions of
Gender as Performance
For Monday, April 22:
Read: The Story of X (Bb)
Read: The role of media (TBA)
Monday,
April 22
Lecture/Discussion: One more day on
the social construction of gender & the
role of the media in shaping ideas of
gender/sex
For Wednesday, April 24:
Read: Dicker Chapter 4 (103-35)
Read in EFR: Walker (397-401) &
Baumgardner/Richards (424-26)
Wednesday,
April 24
Lecture/Discussion: Overview of Third
Wave Feminism
For Friday, April 26:
Read: Alcoff Speaking for Others (Bb)
Read: Weiss Identity, Difference. . . . (Bb)
Friday,
April 26
Lecture/Discussion: Alcoffs
Speaking for Others & the
Limitations of Anti-Essentialism &
Identity Politics
For Monday, April 39:
Read in EFR: UN Convention (1979) (336-45) &
UN Speeches (1995)(402-14)
Read: Beijing Declaration (167-69) (handout)
Read: UN report The Right to Reproductive &
Sexual Health (Bb)
Monday,
April 29
Lecture/Discussion: The UN & Around
the World Then & Now
For Wednesday, May 1:
Read: Ouellette (160-65) (handout)
Read: Baumgardner/Richards (169-74) (handout)
Read in EFR: Hanna/Kill (394-96) &
Revolutionary Assoc. (427-30)
Wednesday,
May 1
Lecture/Discussion: Redefining the F-
word
For Friday, May 3:
Read: Dicker Chapter 5 (137-50)
Read in WoF: Cole (549-51)
Read: hooks (100-04; 110-18)
Friday,
May 3
Lecture/Discussion: Closing Thoughts
Todays War on Women
For Monday, May 6:
Proofread Research Paper
Research Paper due beginning of class Monday.
Monday,
May 6
Review for Final Exam

Research paper due beginning of class
For Wednesday, May 8:
Study for the Final Exam
Wednesday,
May 8
Review for Final Exam For the Final:
Study for the Final Exam
Finals
May 10-17
Final Exam Date/Time TBA Have a great summer!


Nerad, ENGL 204, 10

Bibliography for further reading:

Addams, Jane. Democracy and Social Ethics. New York: Macmillan, 1902.
Alcoff, Linda Martn. 2001. "On Judging Epistemic Credibility: Is Social Identity Relevant?" In
Engendering Rationalities. Eds. Nancy Tuana and Sandra Morgen. Albany: State
U of New York P, 2001.
Allen, Paula Gunn. The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions.
Boston: Beacon Press, 1992.
Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands: The New Mestiza = La Frontera. San Francisco: Aunt Lute Books,
2007.
Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Translated and edited by H. M. Parshley. New York: Knopf,
1953.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge,
2006.
Carby, Hazel. Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Novelist. New
York: Oxford U P, 1987.
Christian, Barbara. Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers. New York:
Pergamon Press, 1985.
Collins, Patricia Hill. Black Feminist Thought. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Cooper, Anna Julia. A Voice from the South. Xenia, Ohio: Aldine, 1892.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume I. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Frye, Marilyn. The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory. Trumansburg, N.Y.: Crossing Press,
1983.
Gilbert, Sandra and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic. 2
nd
ed. New Haven: Yale UP, 2000.
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. Women and Economics: A Study of the Economic Relation between Men
and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution. Boston: Small, Maynard, 1898.
Goldman, Emma. The Traffic in Women and Other Essays in Feminism. New York: Times Change
Press, 1970.
hooks, bell. Aint I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press, 1981.
Irigaray, Luce. Speculum of the Other Woman. Translated by Gillian C. Gill. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell
University Press, 1985.
Moers, Ellen. Literary Women. Oxford: Oxford U P, 1985.
Moi, Toril. Sexual/Textual Politics. New York: Methuen, 1985.
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley: U of California P, 1990.
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