DESIGN AND PLANNING FIBER ACCESS NETWORK IN MARGAJAYA

Dinda Kirana Ismiranti

1
, Dr. Wahyu Kusuma Raharja
2


1,2
Teknik Elektro, Teknologi Industri, Universitas Gunadarma
3
Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Pondok Cina, Depok 16424
1
dindaismiranti@gmail.com ,
2
wahyukr@staff.gunadarma.ac.id


Abstract
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is a network especially for residence, usage optical fiber make it easy in transmission
data faster and more efficient. Technology development is inseparable from the progressive development of fiber
optic technology that can replace conventional wiring and also motivated by the desire to obtain the services
known as Triple Play Services. Margajaya, located in South Bekasi consists of 15.508 people and has 4.383
family. Margajaya has an area reached 209 hectares. PT Biznet Netwrok determine to build FTTH in there. The
results is found the need for OLT GPON FTTH is 1 unit, 2 ODC, number of PS 1:4 is 2 units and PS 1:8 is 7
units, 7 ODP, and number of ONU is 50 units same as number of customers. The analysis of link budget for 7
area shows which the value have already been met the standards of good quality.
Kata kunci : FTTH, Margajaya, link budget


1. Introduction

Margajaya is one of Village in Bekasi Selatan
and located in center of Bekasi city precisely
located on Kemakmuran Raya street No. 11. In the
calculation of population graphically, the growth in
periodic from 2007 until the last 2012 decreased to
12.26% due to deaths and displacement.
Improvement in terms of developing the local
telecommunications network and be able to
accommodate and become the connecting of Bekasi
city in all matters where communications related are
data, voice, and video that can be used and can last
up to in long time. So that the balance can occur in
the process of development in Margajaya and can
achieve in the welfare of the people towards a better.
Margajaya is one of place which using service
of PT Biznet Network in the communication
network. PT Biznet build a network of Fiber To The
Home (FTTH) in Margajaya, approximately 1 km
optical fiber network is installed. There are several
areas in Margajaya which uses fiber network that is
on Ahmad Yani street, on Kemakmuran street, on
Serma Marjuki street, on Sersan Idris street, on
Letnan Marsaid street, on Ir. H. Juanda street, and on
veteran street. Each one has a different distance, the
distance is calculated from the central office to the
ONU so that there will be differences in the link
budget.

2. Literature Review
2.1 Optical Fiber
The first optical information transmission
experiments date back to late in the 19th century, a
way has to be found to correctly direct or guide the
light before thinking of its application to
telecommunications. The emergence of lasers,
around 1960, led to transmission experiments in the
atmosphere. However, propagation instability
problems (mainly caused by air index variations)
have led researchers to abandon this solution. It is
now reserved for short distance communications
(infrared remote control, indoor communications,
infrared laser link between two buildings), even
though it is now being considered again for direct
links between satellites.
Optical fibers are very thin angel hair type
tranparent glass and use the well-known principle of
fountains of light. Principles were used in decorative
appilcations before used in a more useful way
(lighting, endoscopy, remote optical measures).
Principle application in the field of
telecommunications, although considered by
theoreticians (Charles Kao) as soon as 1996, was
made possible in the 1970s because of the progress
in silica fiber-optic production technology, allowing
a very light attenuation and an adequate mechanical
resistance. It was also enable by the availability of
semiconductor laser diodes, which combine laser
performance with electronic component ease of use,
in particular because of the progress of III-V
compound semiconductors (binary e.g. gallium(III)
arsenide (GaAs), ternary e.g. indium gallium
arsenide(InGaAs) and quaternary e.g. aluminium
gallium indium phosphide (AlInGaP)). The
development of efficient cables, connectors and
passive components, and the availibilty of industrial
connection processes, have also been essential for
the development of the first commercial link around
1980.


Figure 2.1Charles K. Kao

Structure of optical fiber typically consists of
three parts, namely:
1. Core
Light waves are transmitted will propagate and
have a refractive index greater than the second layer,
and made of glass. A core has a diameter varying
between 2-125 m depending on the type of optical
fiber.
2. Cladding
This part surrounds the core and has a
refractive index lower than the core, and is made of
glass with a diameter of between 5-250 m
depending on the type of optical fiber.
3. Coating
This part is the protective of core layer and a
blanket made of elastic plastic material.


Figure 2.2 The Structure of the Optical Fiber

Evaluated from the refractive index profile and
mode of wave propagation that occurs in
propagation the light, then the type of optical fiber
can be divided into two kinds, namely:
1. Single Mode Fiber
2. Multimode Fiber :

2.2 FTTH

An FTTH network constitutes a fiber-based
access network, connecting a large number of end
users to a central point known as an access node or
point of presence (POP). Each access node will
contain the required active transmission equipment
used to provide the applications and services over
optical fiber to the subscriber. Each access node is
served by a larger metropolitan or urban fiber
network, which connect all the access nodes
throughout a large municipality or region. The
deployment of fiber closer to the subscriber may
require deployment of fiber infrastructure on public
and private land, and also within public and private
properties.
The environment can be broadly split into:
a. City
b. Open residential
c. Rural
d. Building type and density single homes or
multi-dwelling units (MDUs)
In order to specify the interworking of passive
and active infrastructure, it is important to make a
clear distinction between the topologies used for the
deployment of the fibers (the passive infrastructure)
and the technologies used to transport data over the
fibers (the active equipment). In general , the FTTH
network topology is divided into 3 types , namely :
1. Point to Point Network (PON)
2. Active Optical Network (AON)
FTTH network support infrastructure that
already exists in the world or in Indonesia using:
1. Iron pole
Pole as media FTTH network infrastructure
serves as a fiber optic cable installed. Used poles
made of steel or concrete
2. Cable Duct
Cable duct is all kinds of cable construction
specially designed to be installed below ground level
and the installation should be put in the pipes below
the ground surface.

2.2.1 Power Budget Calculation

The power budget calculations are undertaken
to determine the maximum transmission distance
while maintaining acceptable performance. The
performance is considered to be acceptable, if the
power arriving at the receiver is equal to the
sensitivity of the receiver. Sensitivity is defined as
the minimum power needed to maintain an
acceptable value of the bit error rate.
Link budget is a calculation of the actual
circumstances which should be done within a few
inputs to the system parameters to be used in FTTH
applications. Some considerations are necessary in
this calculation the amount of which the optical
signal and noise. This factor is very important to be
calculated so that a optical fiber network totally in
compliance with the standards as recommended
specifications of ITU and IEEE.
1. Received Signal Power ( Pr )
Calculation of the received signal power at the
receiver can be shown in the following equation (
Zanger , 1991) :

2. Transmission quality ( S / N )
Determine the transmission quality used
parameter signal to noise ratio (S/N) or Bit Error
Rate ( BER ).

3. Bit error rate (BER)
Bit error rate occurred in transmitting of digital
signals.

2.2.2 Rise Time Budget

A rise-time budget is for verifying that the total
dispersion on a transmission link is acceptable. The
total rise time of a link, denoted by total, is the root
sum square of rise times from several factors,

where ttx is the transmitter rise time, tchro is
the rise time due to chromatic dispersion, t
mod
is the
modal dispersion rise time (not applicable for single-
mode ber), and t
rx
is the receiver rise time.
For practical purposes, the rise-time limits can
follow the following rules. Let T
bit
denote the
transmission bit period.
a. For non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation:
t
total
0.70 T
bit

b. For return-to-zero (RZ) modulation: t
total

0.35 T
bit


3. Analysis Planning Of Access Fiber Network

3.1 Planning Map

Design tools are most commonly used in
Biznet is Google Earth. Google Earth is an
application from Google that provides information
in the form of a virtual earth display. The application
can also provide distance information when we draw
the line. Google Earth have been very helpful in
making FTTH design and do not need to look to the
field. The usage this application to the desired
location where it can find out directly in the search
located. Google Earth features are very easy to use,
namely make a line (path), add bookmarks
(Placemark), make a polygon and add pictures.
Below is a design of FTTH that uses google earth,


Figure 3. 1 Display On Google Earth

Figure 3.1 is the point where the tools are
placed to support the development of FTTH in
Margajaya. Central office is located at Jend Ahmad
Yani A3 No.5, ranging from feeder cable to be
drawn here to the Optical Distribution Cabinet
(ODC) is marked red line, then pulled the cable
distribution of ODC to the ODP with the blue line.
The following areas were placed ODC and ODP in
Margajaya area:
ODC
1
is located at Kemakmuran No. 7, ODC
1

has splitter 1:4 which is divided to 4 ODP are
located at : Ahmad Yani, Kemakmuran, Serma
Marjuki, and Sersan Idris.
ODC
2
is located at Pramuka No.1, ODC
2
has
splitter 1:4 which is divided to 4 ODP, but only 3 is
used by Biznet where ODP are located at : Letnan
Marsaid, Veteran, and Ir. H. Juanda

3.2 Design of FTTH

In the FTTH design there are some tools that
must be considered are the placement tool according
to the conditions and calculated with the correct
calculation, and while installation. Design optical
fiber cable is not the same as the other cables
because optical fiber cable is thinner so that needed
the required accuracy.

General Rules of FTTH Design

In the general rules for designing a network of
cable especially optical fiber needed a proper
planning and thoroughness because this cable more
difficult than other cables in installation and the
thickness of the cable is very thin so have to need a
technician who understands or has expertise in this
field.

Figure 3. 2 Flowchart Design of FTTH

1. Determining Area
The designing of FTTH must be predetermined
area to be designed with consideration of the
existing market potential in these areas . Selected
area is located in Margajaya South Bekasi . Below is
a picture of the area that is the target instalisasi
FTTH.
2. Survey Area
Determine the area more specific where
become target to build FTTH network and determine
network conditions, road conditions, and a survey of
existing placement tools.
3. Determining The Type Cable
Margajaya have already determined with route
close proximity to the central office, then determine
the area more specific where become target to build
FTTH network and determine network conditions,
road conditions, and a survey of existing placement
tools.

Table 3. 1 Type of Cable
Device
of FTTH
Type of
Cable
Installation
of Cable
Max.
Length
OLT -
ODC
Feeder Duct Cable 2 Km
ODC
ODP
Distribution Aerial Cable 2 Km
ODP
ONU
Drop Aerial Cable 0.1 Km

4. Determining Home Pass
Home Pass aims to calculate the number of
homes that could be covered by FTTH networks.
The stages are:
a. Choosing grid for calculate the number of
houses and buildings
b. Labeled with numbers in every home and
building imaging, labeling must be considered
before following imaging that will distinguish
the appearance of a house and building.
c. Set the size parameter label

This way in usage a Google Earth to calculate
homepassed very helpful consideration in design of
FTTH and very important, because in order to
conform with the effective rate and efficiency at the
company.
5. Design
Starting from determining of the area untill
determining homepass, then the next step is
designing. The process of designing is an entire
process from the previous step are merged to obtain
the full data to create an appropriate design.

4. Analysis Calculation Fiber Network
4.1 Analysis of Link Power Budget
The design and planning FTTH network has
been discussed in the previous chapter where the
distance and the the tools are determined by all the
considerations and the calculations are appropriate,
so in order to determine the feasibility of this system
then it will be used the analysis of link budget. The
data are required to calculate this calculation of link
budget are as follows:
1. Type of optical fiber: SM 9/125, G.652 and G.657
2.Optical fiber attenuation : (0.35, 0.48) dB/Km
3. Type of connector : Connector SC
4. Connector attenuation : 0.4 dB
5. Number of connectors : 100 units
6. Type of Splitter : 1 x 4 and 1 x 8
7. Splitter attenuation : 7.2 dB and 10.3 dB
8. Splice attenation : 0.1 dB
9. Optical power output (OLT / ONU) : 5 dBm
10. Sensitivity of the detector : -29 dBm

The power budget is not calculate specifically
between downstream and upstream due to this
calculation is only seen if the equipment used in
FTTH networks already meet the standards or yet, if
all analysis have completed so the value will be
compared with the standardization of manufacturing
for the S/N and BER but if not then the FTTH
network can not be used or would be many obstacles
in mechanical, during installation, or when sending
and receiving data.
Analysis of Link Power Budget can be done
manually using the equations discussed in Chapter II
as follows :

Table 4. 1 The Result of Receive Power
Area Pr
(dBm)
S/N
(dB)
BER
Ahmad Yani -19.3 30.86 1 x 10
-68
0
Kemakmuran -19.34 30.79 2 x 10
-67
0
Serma Marjuki -19.14 31.18 1 x 10
-73
0
Sersan Idris -19.18 31.11 2 x 10
-72
0
Letnan Marsaid -19.38 30.71 3 x 10
-66
0
Ir. H. Juanda -19.36 30.75 6 x 10
-67
0
Veteran -19.37 30.73 1 x 10
-66
0
The processing of the data have been done and
then the data is converted into a graph to see the
related between result of data what are directly
proportional or inversely proportional. Data can be
concluded that the the farther distance of cable so
value of SNR be smaller than BER and vice versa.
Below is a graph that shows the related between
BER, distance, and S / N,

Figure 4. 1 Comparison of Each Area at the
Farthest distance with Measurement Result of BER

The graph above it can be seen that the
difference in distance will affect the BER value, the
increase in bit error rate (BER) will occur when the
distance is more far-reaching so the cable that will
be drawn will be longer and prone to mechanical
disturbances or when sending and receiving data.
The technician expects that these errors can be
reduced, but the BER would exist even in the
smallest distance. Standardization of BER is 10
-19
.


Figure 4. 2 Comparison S/N with The Furthest
Distance

In the figure it can be seen that there are related
between the distance to the S/N is the signal power
to the noise power received. Increasing the value of
the S/N is used when the distance is closer to the
central office as well as also if the distance is farther
distance then the value of S/N is also going to be
smaller. S/N is a parameter to indicate the level of
signal quality receiver on analog communication
systems, where the greater the value of S/N so that is
better for the quality.


Figure 4. 3 Comparison BER with S/N

A FTTH network in telecommunications
desired is error can suppressed be smaller, so that
transmission process will be much faster without any
interruption to get to the receiver, but in this case the
interference will always exist. So that in the figure
can be seen that if S/N greater than BER, this is a
corresponding the standardization. Standard S/N for
Optical Fiber Communication Systems is 21.3 dB
(BER = 10
-19
).
4.2 Analysis of Rise Time Budget
Rise time budget is a method to determine the
limits of the dispersion of a fiber optic link. This
method is very useful for analyzing digital
transmission systems. The purpose of this method is
to analyze whether the overall network performance
has been achieved and is able to fulfill the desired
channel capacity. Generally, the total degradation
time of transition from digital link does not exceed
70 percent of the bit period NRZ (Non-Retum-to-
Zero) or 35 percent of the period of data bits for the
RZ (Return-to-Zero). One bit period is defined as the
reciprocal of the data rate.
Specification tool for the calculation of rise time
budget as follows:
1. Wavelength : 1310 nm and 1490 nm
2. Spectral width () (OLT / ONU): 1 nm / 1 nm
3. Light source of rise time : (150x10
-3
/200 x10
-3
) ns
4. Downstream Rate (OLT/ONU) : 2.4 Gbps
5. Upstream Rate (OLT/ONU) : 1.2 Gbps
6. Material dispersion : (3.00 / 18.00) ps / nm.Km
7. Rise time receiver : (150x10
-3
/200x10
-3
) ns
8. NRZ encoding
9. Using a Single Mode 9/125
10. Core refractive index (n1): 1.465
11. Sheath refractive index (n2) : 1.46
12. The radius of the core (a) : 4.5 m

In the calculation of rise time budget does not
compare the calculation of RZ code or NRZ code,
but only uses NRZ code because this code is often
used as a reference for other groups code and also
because the NRZ code requires a minimum
bandwidth but the average input power at the
receiver depend on the pattern data. Meanwhile RZ
code for insufficient bandwidth available margin and
encoding each data bit can be as two-bit optical code
path, the code is to make the transition to the signal
level to provide information bit period time
measurement but unipolar RZ code format is bit 0 is
the length of time can lead to a loss in
synchronization of data formats. The calculations
can be described as follows:
Rise time budget calculations for selected the
farthest area, so that the route for the short area
results will be the same as the furthest area. The
following calculations in Margajaya area:
Table 4. 2 The Result of Rise Time Budget in
Margajaya
Area Ttotal
2.4Gbps
Ttotal
1.2 Gbps
Ahmad Yani street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Kemakmuran street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Serma Marjuki street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Sersan Idris street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Letnan Marsaid street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Ir. H. Juanda street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns
Veteran street 0.25 ns 0.25 ns

Based on the feasibility of the system for the
rise time so that the value of rise time is the total
budget for the downlink direction with a bitrate of
2.4 Gbps, the farthest customers have result T
total

about 0.25 ns. T
total
remained under value of Tsistem
about 0.2917 ns. And the uplink with a bitrate of 1.2
Gbps, customers farthest produce Ttotal at = 0.2505
ns. Ttotal still under the value of T
sistem
is about
0.5833 ns, thus the system still meets the rise time
budget with NRZ coding.

5. Conclusion

1. The power budget is not calculate specifically
between downstream and upstream due to this
calculation is only seen if the equipment used in
FTTH networks already meet the standards or yet, if
all analysis have completed so the value will be
compared with the standardization of manufacturing
for the S/N and BER but if not then the FTTH
network can not be used or would be many obstacles
in mechanical, during installation, or when sending
and receiving data.

2. Rise Time Budget uses NRZ code because it is
often used as a reference of other code, and the code
which can meet the rise time budget and more
leverage than RZ code.
a. Downstream : 2.4 Gbps , the value of Ttotal for
all area in Margajaya about 0.25 ns or about is
2.8 Gbps with T
total
remained under the value of
Tsistem about 0.2917 ns.
b. Upstream : 1.2 Gbps, the value of Ttotal for all
area in Margajaya about 0.25 ns or about is 2.8
Gbps with T
total
remained under the value of
Tsistem about 0.5833 ns.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic
with cable as follows :
Advantages for optical fiber :
a. Optical fiber can reach long distances and
send more information
b. Optical fiber more resistant to electrical
interference because it is made of glass
c. The size and weight of the optical fiber is
small and light
Disadvantages for optical fiber :
The price is relatively expensive in terms of
connection because it requires special tools and
requires skill and accuracy in splicing optical fiber.
Suggestion for FTTH Network in Margajaya is
the design and planning The Link Budget _ for
network fiber is restricted transmission distance is
about <20 km, therefore there should be further
research on transmission distance about > 20 Km.

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