Installation Ludowici Roof Tile (2000)

4757 Tile Plant Road, P.O.
Box 69
New Lexington, Ohio 43764
phone: (800) 945-TILE
fax: (740) 342-5229
http://www.ludowici.com
Installation
M
SECOND
A Quality Brand of CertainTeed Corporation
LRT-249
EDITION
R O O F I N G
has been in existence for centuries.
In the last few decades, clay tile
roof installation techniques have
been refined to protect your home
while retaining the aesthetic,
of-the-earth characteristics that
make up the roofs appeal.
of-the-earth
The purpose of this manual is to
provide technical information and
installation instructions for
Ludowici clay tiles. It is intended to
serve as a guide for proper
techniques for typical installations.
Ludowici clay tile is a versatile roofing
material and can be applied on complex,
original design roofs. Installers are
encouraged to contact Ludowici
representatives for any question not
covered in this manual. Some
techniques may vary from region to
region and other sound installation
techniques may also be acceptable.
1.
2.
3.
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Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Types of Clay Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standard Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
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2
S e c t i o n 2 : Before Getting Started

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9.
10.
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Roof Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roof Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fastening Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assemble All Tools and Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storage, Handling, and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Range of Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Color Blending with Different Color Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Snowguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
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5
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6
8
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10
10
S e c t i o n 3 : Preparing the Roof

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2.
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7.
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11
Inspecting the Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ice Dam Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measuring and Chalking the Roof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers, and Battens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tile Distribution Over Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting, Notching, and Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
11
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18
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20
S e c t i o n 4 : Installing the Flashing
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21
Eave Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rake Edge Flashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flashing at Valleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flashing at Vertical Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer Juncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flashing at Chimney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Flashing Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
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S e c t i o n 5 : Flat Shingle Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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9.
Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ridge and Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vertical Wall Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessory Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S e c t i o n 6 : Interlocking Tile Installation

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39

Under Eave Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First and Succeeding Courses of Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Points to Remember During Field Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Celadon Ceramic Slate Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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51
C O N T E N T S
S e c t i o n I : Ludowici Roofing Tile
S e c t i o n 7 : French Interlocking Profile Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
French Interlocking Profile Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Points to Remember During Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S e c t i o n 8 : Spanish Tile (S-Tile) Installation

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61
End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Top Fixture Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hip Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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S e c t i o n 9 : Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile Installation
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69
Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Eave Closure Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Top Fixture Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valley Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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S e c t i o n 1 0 : Tower Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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1.
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4.
5.
Preparing the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Installing the Underlayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Measuring and Chalking the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Applying Wood Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing the Tower Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S e c t i o n 1 1 : Special Applications
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2.
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83
Alpine Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tropical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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S e c t i o n 1 2 : Problem Spots and How to Avoid Them
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85
Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ridge Cement, Underlayment and Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broken Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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86
S e c t i o n 1 3 : Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
87
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3.
section
Ludowici Roofing Tile

1 Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics
Ludowici tile is manufactured from select Southeastern Ohio shale and fire clays. After mixing, the clay is
extruded and pressed into shape. Glazing is applied and then the tile is kiln fired. The tile is incombustible
with an extremely low moisture absorption rate, averaging 1%. All Ludowici clay roof tiles have a high
breaking strength and meet or exceed the Grade 1 requirements of ASTM C 1167-96. Tiles are available in
unglazed or a multitude of clay red, fire-flashed, designer or custom-glazed colors.
2 Types of Clay Tile

Flat Shingle Tile (non-interlocking
flat or shingle) is designed to
be laid in a double thickness,
similar to wood shakes and slate.
Ludowici produces several styles of flat
tile, including Calais, Georgian,
Norman, Provincial, Antique,
Brittany, Colonial, Crude, and
Flat Slab shingles.
Interlocking Tile is laid in a single

thickness with only a 3
course-to-course overlap. The sides
are interlocked with channels or ribs.
The heads (top of tile) and butts
(bottom of tile) may also interlock.
Ludowici produces several styles of
interlocking tile, including
Americana, Americana XL,
Classic, Classic XL, Celadon,
Lanai, Lanai XL, Williamsburg,
Williamsburg XL, and Imperial.
Interlocking Profile Tile. Like flat

interlocking tile, this tile is laid in a
single thickness with course-to-course
overlap and side interlocks. The
reinforcing ribs add strength and
reduce the weight of this tile.
Ludowici produces French Tile in
this type.
Figure 1.1
Flat Slab Tile
Figure 1.2
Interlocking Flat Tile
Pan and Cover Tile (also called barrel

or mission) is installed in pairs of
pieces, either straight or tapered,
with one laid concave and the other
convex. Pan and cover tiles come in
a variety of styles, with overlapping
features for a tight fit. Ludowici
produces several styles of pan and
cover tiles, including Greek, Italian,
Roman, Palm Beach, Straight Barrel
Mission, and Tapered Mission Tile.
One-Piece Spanish Tile (S-Tile) is

laid in a single thickness with a
course-to-course overlap. Ludowici
produces several styles of S-tile.
Most popular are the 13 1/4 and
18 3/8 Spanish Tile.
Figure 1.4
Pan and Cover Tile
Figure 1.5
S-Tile
Tower Tile. Ludowici produces

the unique, tapered tile, installed
like pan and cover tile, designed
for tower (radial) applications.
Figure 1.6
Tower Tile
Figure 1.3
Interlocking Profile Tile
3 Standard Fittings
Note: Not all fittings are shown.
The following fittings are examples of those usually

required for the perimeter of the roof.
An Eave Closure or Under Eave Fitting at the eave
End Bands, Gable Rakes and Top Fixtures
Flat Shingle Short Top, Long Top and
Header Course
Ridge, Closed-Ridge End, Ridge/Hip Terminal
at the ridge
Ridge/Hip Terminal, Hip Roll, Hip Starter
Figure 1.9 End Band (Spanish)
Figure 1.12 Top Fixture (Spanish)
Figure 1.15
118 & 211 Hip & Ridge Terminal
Figure 1.7 Eave Closure

(Straight Barrel Mission Tile)
Figure 1.8 Under Eave Fitting

(Interlocking)
Figure 1.10 End Band

(Interlocking)
Figure 1.11 Right Gable Rake

(Interlocking)
Figure 1.13 V-Hip and Ridge
Figure 1.14 206 Ridge
Figure 1.16 102 Hip Roll
Figure 1.17 CC Hip Starter

(Used with Circular Cover)
In addition to the standard fittings, Ludowici produces a variety of ornamental

and functional fittings. Some of these are:
Eave Fittings closed eave, beveled eave

Gable Fittings flared gable tile and deep flange gable rake
Ridge Fittings ventilating ridge, ridge cut-off, deck mould raised flange,
ridge angle, ridge tee, ridge cross, ornamental gable terminal, ornamental
ridge/hip terminal
Hip Fittings chamfered cut hip, ornamental hip starter, bonnet hip plates
Valley Fittings closed valley and cut valley
Cone apex or hip convergence finial
Figure 1.18
Flower & Leaf (Ornamental)
Hip Starter (End View)
1 Roof Slope
Ludowici Roof Tile recommended minimum slope
requirements are 3:12, 4:12, or 5:12, depending on
style (see Chart 2.1). No clay tile roofs are to be
installed below a roof slope of 3:12.
There is no maximum slope requirement for tile
roofs (except Tower Tile with a maximum of 18:12).
However, on extremely steep (above 19:12) or
vertical applications, wind current may cause the
tiles to rattle. To avoid this, set the butt of each tile
with a bead of sealant where it will not be seen.
Wind clips placed under each tile should be used
with the sealants. See Silicone Sealant
Recommendations on Page 8.
IMPORTANT:
On low pitches, from 3:12 to the standard
recommended product minimums, it is required to
apply a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane
or waterproofing underlayment, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, on the entire deck. Adequate
ventilation will be required.
Note: For technical questions not answered in

this publication, please contact our
Technical Service Department at
(800) 945-TILE (8453).
Chart 2.1:
Recommended Minimum* Slope Requirements
Tile Name
Flat Shingle Tiles**
Antique
Brittany
Calais
Colonial
Crude
Flat Slab Shingle
Georgian
Norman
Provincial
Interlocking Tiles
Americana, Americana XL
Celadon
Classic, Classic XL
Imperial
Lanai, Lanai XL
Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL
Interlocking Profile Tiles
French
S-Tiles**
Spanish 13 1/4 and 18 3/8
Pan and Cover Tiles**
Greek
Italian
Palm Beach
Roman
Straight Barrel Mission
14 1/4, 16 and 18 3/8
Tapered Mission
Tower Tiles***
Slope
section
Before Getting Started
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
5:12
3:12
3:12
3:12
3:12
3:12
3:12
3:12
4:12
4:12
5:12
5:12
4:12
5:12
5:12
3:12
*For standard underlayment installation.

**These tile types can be reduced to 3:12 by using
waterproofing underlayment (see Important box).
***Requires waterproofing membrane for all roof slopes.
2 Weight
Proper roof framing is required to carry the
weight of a tile roof. The weight of one square
(100 sq. ft.) of tile will range from 600 pounds
to over 1,900 pounds (see Chart 2.2). The
weight of the roof tile is determined by the
type and size of the tile, and the exposure of
each course of tile. Reducing the exposure of
the tile will increase the roof load.
The weight of the underlayment, fastening
system, roof accessories, and trim tile also
needs to be considered when determining
the total weight. Check dead load allowances
of the applicable local building code.
It is recommended that the structural design
of the roof be evaluated by a registered
engineer to determine that it can support the
load and most building codes require the
engineering review. Getting a written letter
of approval is suggested and may be required
by local building codes.
If the installation is in a region of seismic
activity or heavy wind load, local building
codes must be consulted for additional
requirements.
IMPORTANT:
Weights of actual tile may vary by +/- 10%
of the average weight. Structural loads
should be determined using the average
weight multiplied by a factor of 1.10.
Chart 2.2:
Average Weight of Tiles per Square (Maximum Exposure)
Tile Name
Average Weight
Pieces
per Square (lbs.) per Square
Flat Shingle Tiles

Antique
1,650
412
Brittany
1,900
412
Calais
1,600
317
Colonial
1,800
310
Crude
1,935
480
3
Flat Slab /8
1,300
480
5/8
1,780
480
Georgian
1,600
276
Norman
1,600
317
Provincial
1,575
317
Interlocking Tiles
800, 750
158, 109
Celadon
660
109
Classic, Classic XL
800, 750
158, 109
Imperial
860
129
Lanai, Lanai XL
800, 750
158, 109
Williamsburg,
Williamsburg XL
800, 750
158, 109
French
1,025
133
S-Tiles
Spanish 13 1/4
900
171
18 3/8
800
114
Pan and Cover Tiles
Greek
1,550
240
Italian
945-1,340*
156-260
Palm Beach
1,100
163
Roman
1,550
240
1,165-1,250*
163-225
Tapered Mission
1,230-1,300*
212-246
Tower Tiles
Provided upon request - is specific to tower system
*Various possible weights, dependent upon tile size
and/or combination of pans and covers used. Please
consult the factory or local sales representative for
average weight. See Page 16 for specifics.
3 Roof Deck
A design standard for roofing decks is to have a maximum deflection of L/240 between supports. A deck
will be exposed to live and dead loads. A live load is
one that will only be exerting pressure on the roof
deck for a short time. Example: Snow or wind loads.
A dead load is one that will exert a constant pressure
to the roof deck ie., underlayments, tile and battens.
For Board Plank Deck: Well-seasoned plank board
(1 full thickness, maximum 6 nominal width) that
is not prone to warping, cupping or twisting.
For Plywood Deck: APA rated plywood is required
for a minimum of 3/4 thick wood decking and must
be rated for structural use as roof sheathing. The
expansion crack between panels shall be at least 1/16
but no greater than 1/8. H-clips are to be used when
rafters are spaced greater than 16 on center, to hold
the side joints of the plywood together between supports. Unsupported end joints must be blocked.
Fastener Pullout Resistance: Minimum average fastener pullout resistance for clay roofing tile is 180
psi, with no single value less than 170 psi. Greater
pullout values may be required depending upon the
predicted aerodynamic moment expected for the tile
shape, building shape, and the proximity to the
coastline. An engineer should be consulted to assure
local building code compliance.
Concrete Decks:
Nailable Concrete Decks Nailable concrete decks
over time may loose their plastic nature, which
allows direct nailing. For old decking material, a
pullout test should be performed to determine the
usefulness of the deck, and the appropriate fastener.
An engineer should be consulted to assure local
building code compliance.
Non-Nailable Concrete Decks For concrete decks
that will not accept direct nailing, nailer boards are
required. Attachment strips that allow the tile to be
fastened to them should be pressure treated wood.
These may be a board and batten system or pressure
treated wood strips that can be embedded into the
concrete deck during construction (discussed
further on page 12). Other means of attaching
tile to a concrete deck include wire-tie systems and
expanding nail-in anchors.
Note: Ludowici does not recommend applying tile
over spaced board sheathing or open battens.
4 Underlayment
Most problems with water-shedding roof installations occur from water that migrates through the
joints of the tiles through capillary action, winddriven rain, and runoff or ice damming. Because
of this possibility, the underlayment is critical to
the success of the roof.
Ludowici recommends the following for minimum
underlayment:
All decks shall be covered with two layers of No.
30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt or one layer
of No. 43 coated base sheet.
All hips, valleys and ridges shall be covered
with a waterproof underlayment, example:
self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or
two layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.
Note: Roofing felt should meet or exceed

ASTM standards D226/D2626.
CAUTION:
Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking
(sealant) must not come into contact with a
bitumen membrane in order to prevent
damage to the membrane.
IMPORTANT:
recommended product minimums, or in regions
where ice dams may occur, it is required to apply
a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or
waterproofing underlayment, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, on the entire deck. Adequate
In regions where ice dams may occur, the waterproof underlayment should be extended a
minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the
interior wall line of the building directly to the
roof deck. (Further clarification found on Page
13, Ice Dam Protection.)
5 Fastening Methods
Attachment requirements and fastener length by tile
type are referenced in Chart 2.3.
Nails or Screws. Nails are the most commonly used
fastener for attaching clay tiles. Nails for tiles and cleats
must be copper, 11-gauge minimum, 3/8 head
minimum and proper length to give good penetration.
Screws must be stainless steel or brass, #8 or #9 with a
minimum 3/8 diameter head.
Properly Driven
Improperly Driven
Tile
Underlayment
Plywood
Roof Deck
Driven straight,
Not driven far enough, Driven too tightly, cracking
good penetration inadequate deck penetration
or breaking the tile
Figure 2.1 Proper Nailing Techniques for Plywood Deck
Note: When using stainless steel screws, tile

replacement will require the use of a hack
saw to remove the screws. A slate ripper
may be used with copper or brass fasteners.
Wire. On non-nailable surfaces or some insulated
decks or where fastening through the metal flashing needs to be avoided or if underlayment cannot be penetrated, such as special low slope applications, wire and strapping systems are sometimes
used. Wire must be solid copper, 16 gauge, with
or without insulation. Wire-tieing is also usually
specified in areas prone to earthquakes. Consult
the manufacturer of these types of systems for
specific design and installation.
Clips. Wind clips are often specified and/or
required in high wind and seismic areas. They aid
in holding the tiles in place and reduce stress at
the preliminary fastening point (see Figure 2.2).
Refer to local building codes in such areas.
IMPORTANT:
Do not install the recommended fastener tightly
against the tile due to the risk of breakage from
installation and deck movement. The tile should
hang from the fastener.
Note: Each field tile is provided with (2) two
fastening nail holes. When installing field tiles,
care should be taken to fasten each tile with
nails or screws in every provided fastening hole.
For a plywood deck, use ring shank copper nails
of the specified length to assure good penetration
through under side of deck (see Figure 2.1).
For board plank deck, use smooth shank copper nails
of the specified length. Fasteners should penetrate deck
board 3/4. Do not penetrate underside of deck.
For gypsum plank or nailable concrete deck, use
stainless steel or silicon bronze screw shank nails of
length to penetrate half to three-quarters the thickness
of the deck. Never penetrate underside of deck.
When insulation is applied over the deck, observe the
following:
Minimum slope (per style) to 6:12 the tile can be
nailed through underlayment and insulation into
the deck with a sufficient length fastener.
On 6:12 or greater, a tile-tie system should be used.
For metal decks, use sheet metal screws and the
proper mastic.
For fibrous cement decks, use a tile-tie system.
Wind or
Storm Clip
Figure 2.2 Wind Clip
Note: In high wind regions, install each tile with

#8 or #9 brass flathead phillips or square
drive screws and/or use wind clips. Wind
clips and sealants may be required by the
local building codes.
Bedding Tile. Where freeze/thaw cycles are not an
issue, tile may be laid in a full or partial bed of
mortar. This method is best used in combination
with other means of attachment.
Foam Adhesive. This method of application is
approved for use in South Florida and is being tested
for use in other areas. Refer to local building codes.
See Tropical Conditions on Page 84 for more details.
Chart 2.3: Attachment Requirements

Tile Type
Fastener Length
For Field Tile
Flat Shingle Tiles

Flat Slab Shingle 3/8
Antique, Brittany, Calais,
Crude, Colonial, Georgian,
Norman, Provincial
Interlocking Tiles
Classic, Classic XL,
Lanai, Lanai XL,
Williamsburg, Williamsburg XL
Celadon
Imperial
French
S-Tiles
Spanish
13 1/4, 18 3/8
Pan & Cover Tiles
For Cover
with Stringer
Palm Beach &

14 1/4, 16, 18 3/8,
16 Tapered Mission
Hurricane Clips
For Hip
For Ridge
1 1/2
1 3/4
1 3/4
2
1 1/2
1 3/4
Header Course: 1 1/2

V-Type: 2 1/2
V-Type: 2 1/2
V-Type: 2 1/2
Type C*
N/A
Type C*
N/A
Type C*
N/A
Boards: 1 3/4
Plywood: 2
2 1/2
Type C
On Eave: 3/4
Above Eave: 1 1/4
1 3/4
2
1 3/4
2
2 1/2
Type C
1 1/4
2 1/2
Type C
1 1/4
Boards: 2
Plywood: 2 1/2
2 1/2
Not Required
1 3/4
Boards: 1 1/2
Plywood: 1 3/4
2 1/2
Type B
Type D (18 3/8)
On Eave: 3/4
Above Eave: 2 5/16
Boards:
Plywood:
Boards:
Plywood:
Boards:
Plywood:
Boards:
Plywood:
Boards:
Plywood:
2
2
For Pan
Plywood: 1 3/4
2
2
Quik-Tach Brackets
Boards: 1 1/2
Boards: 1 1/2
Plywood: 1 3/4
Type D (remaining)
2
2
2 1/2
2 1/2
Type B (14 1/4)

Type D
Wind Locks
Wind Locks
*Type C brackets must be cut or bent for these tile patterns.
IMPORTANT:
Before application of Ludowici clay tiles in
alpine** conditions, plans must be submitted to
the Ludowici Technical Department for approval.
Ludowici will not assume any liability or responsibility for damage caused by the application of
clay tile in alpine conditions.
**Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areas

that experience frequent heavy winter snowfall
intermittent with strong solar radiation common
to high altitude geography. (See Alpine Conditions
on Page 83 for more details.)
6 Assemble All Tools and Supplies

The following tools are needed for basic
installation of clay roofs:
safety equipment as required by OSHA and
other local and state agencies
rule or tape
masons trowel and bucket
chalk line and chalk
4 diamond-tipped turbo blade on angle grinder
claw hammer
protective eyewear/dust mask
chipping hammer
caulking gun
felt knife
sheet metal shears
roof jacks
slate ripper
segmented diamond blade (8to10 diameter)
wet tub saw
tile nippers
marking pencil
sharp steel punch
battery-operated, clutch-driven drill
(with extra batteries)
carbide spear point glass drill bits
small steel roller
IMPORTANT:
All roof work can be hazardous. Safety
requirements are spelled out by OSHA and
individual state Occupational Safety and Health
Administration regulations. It is the responsibility
of the installer to take all necessary precautions.
Contact the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration for complete information
regarding safe roofing practices.
In addition to tools, the following materials

are needed:
Flashing: use a minimum weight of 16 oz. copper,
at least 24 wide, with 1/4 edge turned over and
fastened with cleats for valleys. Under special
circumstances, such as unusual exposure to high
wind or heavy snow, this flashing weight should
be increased. Lighter weight copper flashings are
undesirable because they can puncture too easily
and they will not provide the wear-life required
for a long-life roof system.
Underlayment: two layers of No. 30 asphaltimpregnated roofing felt or one layer of No. 43
coated base sheet, doubled on rough surfaces, hips,
valleys, and ridges, or one layer of self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane such as
WinterGuard. See WinterGuard Application
Instructions, Page 9.
Plastic cement: plastic cement for gable rakes,
hip rolls, ridges, stringers, and other conditions
should be non-running, heavy-body flashing
cement composed of mineral ingredients to meet
the requirements of ASTM D-4586.
Cant strips, wood nailers, and field tile nailer
strips: all should be foundation grade wood.
Mortar and mortar color to match tiles: Ludowici
defines mortar as one part Portland cement and
four parts sand (to ASTM specification C-270).
Silicone sealant or adhesive: the recommended
sealant for exposed caulking is Dow Corning
790 Silicone Building Sealant or GE SilProof
(ASTM C-920, low modules). These sealants may
be used as hidden adhesives. NP1 or other
adhesives may be suitable as well, however, care
should be taken to select for maximum durability
and also for compatibility with adjacent materials.
Some sealants are available in different colors to
match tiles.
Required fasteners.
IMPORTANT:
All roofing components should be selected to be
compatible with the long service life of a
Ludowici roof.
WinterGuard Application Instructions

Application (Peel and Stick)
WinterGuard can be applied in any length
convenient to the applicator. First, align unrolled
material with lower edge of roof and hold in place.
Lift starting end of material (approximately 1 foot),
peel back and fold under at least 6of both sheets of
protective release film. Carefully return the exposed
adhesive surface to the deck and press firmly in
place. If, at lower temperatures, material does not
adhere immediately, tack in place mechanically.
Reroll material from the other end until the peeled
and folded back film is exposed. Beginning with the
folded back film, peel both sheets of the remaining
film from the roll, pulling parallel to the eave. Be
sure all material lays flat and is well adhered.
Alternatively, apply by the peel and flop method
utilizing the two-piece split sheet release film feature
to adhere longitudinal halves, one at a time. It is best
to cut the product into manageable lengths of about
12 feet when applying WinterGuard by this method.
The upper edge of WinterGuard must extend to a
point no less than 24 beyond the interior wall line
and, in areas of severe icing, at least up to the highest
water level expected to occur from ice dams. In
order to ensure waterproofing, overlap all sides and
ends 6, press overlaps firmly with a roller, and offset end laps 2 feet from course to course.
Valleys, Ridges and Hips
In the valleys, the width of the material must be
36 minimum, and on the ridges and hips, 12
minimum. Cut WinterGuard to convenient premeasured lengths (4-6 feet recommended). Peel off
the release film and drape the sheet into place
allowing the membrane to locate and adhere in the
valley center line or ridge peak first, working outward toward the edges. In valleys, start the application at the low point and work upwards. To ensure
waterproofing, overlap all sheets 6 at lap joints. Do
not use WinterGuard as a permanent weathering
surface (such as in open valleys).
CAUTION:
Solvent-based flashing cement or caulking
(sealant) must not come into contact with a
bitumen membrane in order to prevent
damage to the membrane.
7 Storage, Handling, and Inspection

Field tile is generally shipped in pallets, and fittings
in boxes. Upon receipt of shipment, the pallets and
boxes should be examined for possible damage in
transit and, if any, should be noted on the shipping
papers and a claim must be filed promptly against
the delivering carrier. Ludowici Roof Tile will
provide information and assist you in the proper
filing of a damage claim. Remember, however, that
prompt inspection of incoming merchandise is
always important as damage claims will not be
honored by the carriers if they are not filed promptly.
The pallets and boxes of tile should be placed in a
level, safe place away from traffic and construction
activity. Pallets of tile must not be stacked on top of
each other.
If any problems are identified, notify Ludowici
Roof Tile immediately. Do NOT install any of the
tiles. Once the tiles are installed, they are considered
suitable for use and will not be replaced except per
the terms of Ludowicis warranty.
8 Range of Tones
Colors within a given shipment of Ludowici clay
roof tile will vary slightly due to subtle changes in
clay composition and kiln firing temperatures. Such
color variances are not a defect but a natural desirable
feature that gives roofs depth and character.
The person responsible for the blending of the
shades of color should randomly select tiles from
at least three different pallets. This blending will
ensure a proper blend to provide a harmonious
color roof without blotches or streaks.
After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof
should be inspected from the ground at a distance
greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no
streaks or blotches. To ensure a good range of tones,
this inspection must be done at regular intervals.
9 Color Blending with Different

Color Tile
Blending different tile colors can provide a unique
and aesthetically pleasing roof.
Make a drawing to detail the layout and to help
determine the proper number of tiles of each color.
In order to maintain the correct color blend, pull
tiles from the different pallets of each color. Premix
these piles in the desired percentage and load the
roof one square at a time. This will provide even
distribution.
After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the roof
should be inspected from the ground at a distance
greater than 40 feet to determine that there are no
streaks or blotches. To ensure a good color blend,
this inspection must be done at regular intervals.
Note: It may be helpful to lay the tile blend out

on the ground so the installer has a visual
example. Make one person responsible for
the ongoing and end result of the blending.
Complete information on color is available
in Ludowicis Guide to Color.
10 Snowguards
Snowguards are generally required in areas where
snow and ice may accumulate on the roof. Snowguards are sometimes used on sloped roofs to prevent
a mass of snow or ice from sliding off the roofs and
injuring persons, damaging gutters or plants, and
blocking walks and driveways. Snowguards hold the
snow in place above the eaves until it can melt and
the water runs off.
It is recommended that snowguards should be
installed on at least 3 or 4 courses, offset from
course to course, spaced in staggered interval rows.
Begin with the third or fourth row. However,
spacing and quantity of snowguards is a matter
of judgement based on local weather conditions
(see Figure 2.3).
Alpine conditions will require a professional engineer to design the required snow retainage system.
Tile should not be exposed to ice and snow loads
exceeding 100 pounds per square foot.
Figure 2.3 Recommended Snowguard Spacing
A snowguard must be made of nonferrous material

to prevent possible rust stains. Many styles are
available (see Figure 2.4).
10
Figure 2.4 Snowguard with Interlocking Tile
section
Preparing the Roof

Succeeding Courses of No. 43 Coated
Base Sheet Underlayment to be 36
Wide (After Meeting Minimum
Requirements for Ice Damming)
1 Inspecting the Deck

Ensure that the roof deck is clean, smooth, and
dry before roof tiles are applied.
3
Backnail Sheets
Verify that there is no significant delamination,

warpage, bowing, or separation from the rafters
or trusses. Check for deck rot.
2
Wood Deck
36
3/4
rated plywood, check that

If deck is APA
panels are spaced approximately 1/16 to a
maximum of 1/8 apart for expansion and H-clips
are used between supports when the rafter spacing
exceeds 16 O.C. Unsupported end joints must
be blocked.
Make repairs to the deck as necessary.
Note: Prior to applying any roofing material, all

contractor work above the roofline must
be completed.
2 Installing the Underlayment

Most problems with water-shedding roof installations
occur from water that migrates through the joints
of the tiles through capillary action, wind-driven
rain, and runoff or ice damming. Because of this
possibility, the underlayment is critical to the success
of the roof.
As a minimum, all decks must be covered with two
layers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt or
one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet.
Note: Underlayment materials must be covered

with tile as soon as possible to prevent
degradation from exposure.
36
Plies of Waterproof Underlayment Material

Installed Up to a Point 24 as Required Inside the
Exterior Wall Line of Building to Provide an Ice
Dam Protection Membrane
Note: All Dimensions are Approximate
Figure 3.1 Ice Dam Protection and Single Sheet Underlayment
If wood cant strips and nailers are nailed directly to the

deck, they must be covered with waterproof underlayment. If nailed on the underlayment, they should be
pressure treated wood.
For single layer of No. 43 coated base sheet:
Lay base sheet parallel to eave. Side lap 2 and
end lap 6.
IMPORTANT:
recommended product minimums, or in regions
where ice dams may occur, it is required to apply
a self-adhering modified bitumen membrane or
waterproof underlayment, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuardon the entire deck. Adequate
In regions where ice dams may occur, the waterproof underlayment should be extended a
minimum of 24 upslope from the inside of the
interior wall line of the building directly to the
roof deck.
11
For double layer, follow these steps:
Backnail Sheets
Wood Deck
1. First apply a 19 starter sheet parallel to eave.

Backnail sheets with corrosion resistant,
11-gauge, 3/8 head standard roofing nails,
sufficient to hold the felts in place.
2. Then completely cover the starter sheet with a
full-width sheet.
Optional:
2 Starter Felt Set
in Vertical Grade
Asphalt Cement
on Metal
2 side lap
3. Lap succeeding sheets 19 over the preceding

sheets, leaving a 17 exposure (2 lap). End laps
should be a minimum of 6 (see Figure 3.2).
19
36
17
No. 30 Asphalt-saturated
Felt Starter Course Covered
with Asphalt Cement
Note: All roofing underlayment materials should be

carried 6 up all vertical surfaces and 4 over
gutter and valley metal.
First and Succeeding Courses

of Underlayment to be 36
Wide and Lapped 19
Note: All dimensions are approximate
Figure 3.2 Application of Double Layer Felt Underlayment
Concrete Deck
If roof deck is poured concrete, embed pressure
treated 1 x 2 beveled wood strips, extending from
eave to ridge, spaced 20 O.C. Concrete must be
smooth and flush. A concrete primer is recommended
especially in those areas where waterproof underlayment will be used. Apply No. 43 coated base sheet
and fasten with 3/8 x 1 1/2 lath nailed from eave to
ridge atop embedded strips. Apply 1 x 2 wood
strips horizontally across lath spaced to accommodate the correct tile exposure and proceed as
directed for a sheathed roof (see Figures 3.3 and 3.4).
Note: Where ice dam protection is required,
install waterproof underlayment material
up to a point 24 inside the interior wall
line of the building.
20
Center to Center
3/8
x 1 1/2
Pressure Treated
Wood Lath
Counter Battens
Nominal 1 x 2
Pressure Treated
Wood Battens
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 3.3 Batten System of Attachment for Concrete Deck
Horizontal
Pressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood Batten
Concrete
Roof Deck
3/8 x 1 1/2
Pressure Treated
Lath Nailer
Horizontal
Pressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood Batten
Concrete
Roof Deck
No. 43
Coated Base Sheet
1 x 2
Pressure Treated
Beveled Vertical
Strips
20 O.C.
Longitudinal Section Through Roof
12
Figure 3.4 Application of Batten System to Poured Concrete Roof Deck
Set to Tile Exposure

Cross Section Through Roof
3 Ice Dam Protection

Ice dam protection is recommended in areas where
the January mean temperature is 30 F or less and
on all pitches below the standard minimums. This
protection must be installed wherever there is a
possibility of ice forming along the eaves which will
cause a back-up of water and may cause building
and interior damage. Consider your local weather
conditions.
Apply self-adhering CertainTeed WinterGuard,
or equivalent, directly to the deck according to
application instructions provided with the product.
WinterGuard must extend up the roof to a point at
least 24 beyond the interior wall line, and in areas of
severe icing at least up to and above the highest water
level expected to occur from ice dams (see Figure 3.5).
Please note that the 24 point beyond the interior wall
line is a minimum recommendation. WinterGuard
should be applied to all roof decking which past history
and professional experience suggest might be subject to
ice dam back-up. If considering using ice dam
protection on the entire surface of the roof deck, insure
that adequate ventilation is present to prevent the
development of damaging condensation on the underside of the roof deck*.
WinterGuard Applied a Minimum 24

Beyond Interior Wall Line
Figure 3.5 Ice Dam Protection
For more information on Alpine Conditions,

obtain a copy of The Concrete and Interlocking Tile
Roof Design Criteria Manual for Snow and Ice Regions,
Leland E. Gillan, P.E. & Terry Anderson, published
by NTRMA/WSRCA or from your local Ludowici
sales representative.
If a wide eave overhang requires flashing wider

than 36, the necessary 6 minimum horizontal
lap must be located on the overhang outside the
structure walls. End laps must be a 6 minimum.
Underlayment should meet ASTM D-1970.
CAUTION:
Solvent-based flashing cement must not come in
contact with CertainTeed WinterGuard or other
similar waterproofing underlayment, or damage
to the underlayment could occur.
*For complete information on attic ventilation,
obtain The Principles of Attic Ventilation, copyright
1997, or call 1-800-AIRVENT.
13
4 Measuring and Chalking the Roof

Layout and chalking the roof accurately are critical to
the roof s performance and appearance. If the eaves
are straight and level, all horizontal lines must be
parallel to the eaves, and all vertical lines must be
perpendicular to the eaves. Check the roof deck to
determine if the deck is square prior to layout.
Step 2: Chalking Vertical Lines

Vertical lines are chalked first. In the case of a hip
roof, the first line is struck in the center of the roof
equidistant from each hip (see Figure 3.6). The
remaining vertical lines are then struck to the right
and left at intervals equal to your average width
exposure. Care must be taken to ensure that all
vertical lines are parallel to the water flow.
Step 1: Determine Width and Length Exposure

Clay tiles, depending on the style and profile, vary
in exposure and recommended head lap (see Chart
3.1). Pan and Cover styles begin with a full tile.
Other types, such as flat and interlocking, are
generally started with a half-width tile in order
to offset the joints.
Before chalking the roof, the installer should verify the
tile pattern being installed, and measure, noting
average length and width exposures of the tile
shipped. The usual overhang at the eave is 2;
however, this may be adjusted slightly to
accommodate full courses. Measure the roof from
eave to ridge to ascertain whether the final course
can be a full length tile or if a short course needs
to be cut.
Some tile styles may allow the head lap to be
increased over several courses to avoid cutting a
short course. The tile styles which do not allow the
head lap to be increased are Spanish, French, Greek,
Roman, and tapered barrel mission tile.
14
Ridge Nailer
Vertical
Chalk Lines
Center Line of Eave

Figure 3.6 Chalking Vertical Lines to Guide Installation
IMPORTANT:
The tile dimensions can vary because of clay firing
temperatures. Be sure to measure actual tiles in
your shipment to determine their average width
and length dimensions, so you can chalk your roof
properly.
Step 3: Chalking Horizontal Lines

Horizontal lines are struck after the vertical lines
are struck.
For S-Tile, Pan and Cover Tile, and Interlocking
Profile Tile, the first line will equal the average length
of the tiles minus the overhang. For example, a tile
with an overall length of 16 minus a 2 overhang
indicates the first line is to be 14 up from the eave.
Successive lines are then struck at intervals equal to
your average length of exposure.
For Flat Shingle and Interlocking Tile, the first line
will equal the average length of the under eave tile
minus the overhang, typically 2 (see Figure 3.7).
Length exposure of flat shingle tile is determined
by subtracting 2 from the tile length and then
dividing by 2. Example:
For Flat Shingle Tile, the second line will equal the
average length of the tile minus the overhang, laid
directly over the under eave, then all successive lines
will also be chalked as previously described.
For Flat Shingle, Interlocking, and Straight Barrel
Mission Tile, your eave to ridge measurement may
determine the average length exposure rather than
the size of the tile itself. For example, suppose the
eave to ridge measurement is 105 1/2 and you were
using Interlocking tiles (average length exposure of
11). You might then determine to lay the first tile
at an 11 exposure as usual, and 10 1/2 exposure
for each of the remaining nine courses. Here is the
calculation: eave to ridge measurement of 105 1/2
minus 11 for the first course equals 94 1/2;
therefore 94 1/2 divided by 9 equals 10 1/2.
Care must be taken to ensure that all horizontal
lines are perpendicular to the water flow.
15 length 2 triple head lap = 132 = 6 1/2 exposure.

Note: Measuring and chalking for a tower tile
installation is unique and deserves special
attention please see Section 10, Page 80.
Equal to
Exposure
Equal to
Exposure
First Course
Tile Length Minus
Overhang
Plywood Roof Deck
Under Eave Course

Required Waterproof
Underlayment
2
Overhang
16Oz. Sheet
Copper Formed Drip
Edge with 1/2 Hem
Figure 3.7 Typical Layout for Horizontal Lines

Vertical Fascia
15
Chart 3.1: Average Length, Width, and Exposures of Tile Styles
The average length and width exposures are

based on the usual sizes of these products.
Tile Name
Length
Width
Length
Exposure
Width
Exposure
Pieces/
Square
Under
Eave
Length
Under
Eave
Width
Average
Weight/
Square
Flat Shingle Tiles

Antique
Brittany
Calais
Colonial
Crude
Flat Slab Shingle
12
12
15
14 5/8
12
12
7
7
7
7 3/8
6
6
5
5
6 1/2
6 5/16
5
5
7
7
7
7 3/8
6
6
412
412
317
310
480
480
7
7
8 1/2
8 5/16
7
7
7
7
7
7 3/8
6
6
15
15
15
8
7
7
6 1/2
6 1/2
6 1/2
8
7
7
276
317
317
8 1/2
8 1/2
8 1/2
8
7
7
1,650
1,900
1,600
1,800
1,935
1,300
1,780
1,600
1,600
1,575
14
16
16
14
16
15
14
16
14
16
9
10 3/4
10 3/4
9
10 3/4
10
9
10 3/4
9
10 3/4
11
13
13
11
13
12
11
13
11
13
8 1/4
10 1/8
10 1/8
8 1/4
10 1/8
9 1/4
8 1/4
10 1/8
8 1/4
10 1/8
158
109
109
158
109
129
158
109
158
109
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
800
750
600
800
750
860
800
750
800
750
16 1/4
13 3/8
8 1/8
133
NA
NA
1,025
13 1/4
18 3/8
9 3/4
9 3/4
10 1/4
15 3/8
8 1/4
8 1/4
171
114
NA
NA
900
800
16
P = 8
C* = 7
13
212
NA
NA
1,230
16
P* = 7
C* = 7
13
246
NA
NA
1,300
12 3/4
P* = 9 3/4
C* = 6 1/2
10
240
NA
NA
1,550
Roman
12 3/4
P* = 9 3/4
C* = 6 1/2
10
240
NA
NA
1,550
14 1/4
P = 8
C = 8
11 1/4
225
NA
NA
1,250
16
P = 8
C = 8
13
192
NA
NA
1,190
18 3/8
P = 8
C = 8
15 3/8
163
NA
NA
1,165
Palm Beach
18 3/8
P = 8
C* = 8
15 3/8
P = 3 1/2
C* = 7
CC = 10 1/2
P = 2
C* = 7
CC = 9
P = 5 1/2
C* = 6 1/2
CC = 12
P = 5 1/2
C* = 6 1/2
CC = 12
P = 3 1/2
C = 8
CC = 11 1/2
P = 3 1/2
C = 8
CC = 11 1/2
P = 3 1/2
C = 8
CC = 11 1/2
P = 3 1/2
C* = 8
CC = 11 1/2
163
NA
NA
1,100
3/8
5/8
Georgian
Norman
Provincial
Interlocking Tiles
Americana
Americana XL
Celadon
Classic
Classic XL
Imperial
Lanai
Lanai XL
Williamsburg
Williamsburg XL
French
S-Tiles
Spanish
13 1/4
18 3/8
Pan and Cover Tiles

16 Tapered Mission
and Straight Barrel
Mission Pans
16 Tapered
Mission Cover
and Tapered Pans
Greek
Italian Pan and Cover
16
Note: Multiple combinations are possible. Please contact Ludowici Roof Tile for special instructions.
P = Pan (*Pan Measurement at Butt of Tile)
C = Cover (*Cover Measurement at Butt of Tile)
CC = Center to Center Dimensions
14
27 3/8
40 3/4
54 1/8
67 1/2
80 7/8
94 1/4
107 5/8
121
134 3/8
147 3/4
French
Flat Slab Shingles

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
65
12 5/8
18 15/16
25 1/4
31 9/16
37 7/8
44 3/16
50 1/2
56 13/16
63 1/8
69 7/16
75 3/4
Colonial
10 3/4
20 3/4
30 3/4
40 3/4
50 3/4
60 3/4
70 3/4
80 3/4
90 3/4
100 3/4
110 3/4
Greek, Roman
12
23
34
45
56
67
78
89
100
111
122
13
25
37
49
61
73
85
97
109
121
133
Imperial
XL Series
14
27
40
53
66
79
92
105
118
131
144
Americana,
Americana, Classic,
Celadon, Classic,
Lanai, Williamsburg Lanai, Williamsburg
14 1/4
12 1/4
23 1/2
34 3/4
46
57 1/4
68 1/2
79 3/4
91
102 1/4
113 1/2
124 3/4
13
11 1/4
21 1/2
31 3/4
42
52 1/4
62 1/2
72 3/4
83
93 1/4
103 1/2
113 3/4
1/4
18 3/8
16 3/8
31 3/4
47 1/8
62 1/2
77 7/8
93 1/4
108 5/8
124
139 3/8
154 3/4
170 1/8
16
14
27
40
53
66
79
92
105
118
131
144
Spanish
18 3/8
16 3/8
31 3/4
47 1/8
62 1/2
77 7/8
93 1/4
108 5/8
124
139 3/8
154 3/4
170 1/8
IMPORTANT:
The tile dimensions can vary because of clay firing temperatures. Be sure to measure actual tiles in your
shipment to determine their average width and length dimensions, so you can chalk your roof properly.
16 Tapered Mission
Palm Beach
Italian 16 Length with 18 3/8 SBM Pans
14
16 3/8
27
31 3/4
40
47 1/8
53
62 1/2
66
77 7/8
79
93 1/4
92
108 5/8
105
124
118
139 3/8
131
154 3/4
144
170 1/8
13
19 1/2
26
32 1/2
39
45 1/2
52
58 1/2
65
71 1/2
78
Chart 3.2 should be used as a guideline to determine

horizontal spacing, as long as Ludowici average length
exposure is being used.
Course
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Course
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Antique, Brittany, Calais, Georgian,

Crude,
Norman, Provincial
Chart 3.2: Guidelines for Horizontal Spacing with a 2 Overhang at Eave using Standard Exposure Lengths
17
5 Applying Cant Strips, Wood Nailers,

and Battens
Chart 3.3: Proper Sizing for Cant Strips

Tile Name
After lining the roof, wood stringers for ridges and

hips, cant strips at eaves, and battens as field tile
nailer strips (required for certain patterns) are
applied. The heights of the stringers, battens and
cant strips are determined by the tile pattern, and
the type of fittings to be used.
Cant Strips
Method 1: Apply a properly sized cant strip (see
Chart 3.3) 48 long and pressure treated directly
to the underlayment, with 1/2 gap every 48 to
allow drainage.
Method 2: Apply a properly sized cant strip (see
Chart 3.3) directly to the wood sheathing. Cover
with copper flashing drip edge and underlayment
(see Figure 3.8).
Method 3: Some tile patterns do not require the
use of a cant strip. These tiles are laid with an under
eave fitting, eave closure or copper flashing drip
edge with underlayment (see Figure 3.9).
For flat shingle tiles only, both the cant strip and
an under eave fitting are used.
Second Course
Flat Shingle Tiles

Calais, Antique
Georgian, Brittany
Norman, Crude
Provincial, Colonial
Height of Cant Strip

3/4
x 2 + Under Eave
1 x 2 + Under Eave
1 x 2 + Under Eave
1 x 2 + Under Eave
1 x 2 + Under Eave
1 x 2 + Under Eave
Interlocking Tiles
Americana,
Americana XL
Celadon
Classic, Classic XL
Imperial
Lanai, Lanai XL
Williamsburg,
Williamsburg XL
French
Under Eave
1 x 2
Under Eave
Under Eave
Under Eave
Under Eave
1 1/2 x 2
S-Tiles
Spanish - 13 1/4, 18 3/8
Eave Closure
Pan and Cover Tiles

Greek, Roman
Italian
Palm Beach
Roman
Tapered Mission
Eave Closure
Eave Closure
Eave Closure
Eave Closure
Eave Closure
Eave Closure
Tower Tiles
Eave Closure
First Course
First Course
Under Eave
Fitting
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Raised Edge
16 Oz. Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Under Eave Fitting

Extended Edge
16 Oz. Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Pressure Treated
1 X 2 Cant Strip
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
18
Figure 3.8 Cant Strip for Starter Course

Example of Flat Shingle Tile
Figure 3.9 Under Eave Fitting for Starter Course

Example of Interlocking Tile
Wood Nailers and Stringers

All wood stringers applied before the underlayment
is applied to the roof deck must be covered with
two layers of coated base sheet or a self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane. Stringers applied
over the underlayment must be pressure treated
and foundation grade wood. The sizes for stringers
vary with tile type. Wood stringers must be a
minimum of 1 1/2 thickness and of proper height
to carry hip and ridge pieces.
Specification for proper sizing of ridge stringers, hip
stringers, and wood nailing strips (battens) for end
bands, and field tile for covers will be addressed in
the tile installation sections which follow.
Tile Distribution Over Deck

After all roof preparation has been completed, the tiles
are evenly distributed on the roof, if pitch permits.
Note: Stacking distribution will depend on the
number of tiles per square and the number
of tiles per stack.
Spacing of the tiles is determined by the width of the

exposed tile times the number of courses being fed
per stack. If the tiles are stacked 8 high and the tile
exposure is 10 and the stack feeds 2 courses, then
the stacks would be placed 40 O.C.
Tile stacks normally start at the third course from the
eave and continue with alternate courses.
Stacks
of Tiles
Third Course
Figure 3.10 Distribution of Tile Over Roof
WARNING:
Roof Loaded Tile During Severe Weather
It is possible that strong winds could lift tiles off
the piles and send them flying off the roof, resulting
in injury to persons or damage to nearby property.
If tiles have been pre-loaded onto the roof deck
and strong winds or severe storms are predicted,
remove the tiles and place them on ground level.
If tiles have not yet been loaded, then it is
recommended not to do so until the threat of
bad weather has disappeared.
Pre-loading the roof deck with tiles prior to
starting the actual installation will provide
convenience and faster installation, but should
only be done if weather conditions permit. Use
common sense so that you do not become liable
for damage or personal injury.
The important aspect of tile loading is to evenly

spread the load across the roof using the proper
spacing to assure the proper amount of tile is loaded
on the roof.
Remember to utilize the color blending instructions
(see Page 9).
WARNING:
Do not leave stacked tiles on the roof for extended
periods of time. The concentrated load can begin
to slide on the heated underlayment sheet. This
sliding could cause injury to persons or damage to
nearby property.
19
7 Cutting, Notching, and Drilling

Cutting
Note: Unnecessary cutting and drilling time can

add substantial cost to the job. Carefully
consider tile layout before starting the work
to minimize cutting and drilling.
Tiles should be cut wet on the job with a masonry

or tile saw equipped with a diamond blade.
Segmented blades will be the most efficient. Slight
surface chipping will occur during the cutting
operation. The sliding saw table and tub should be
as large as possible to accommodate cutting the
tiles diagonally.
WARNING:
Always use protective eye and face wear when
operating a masonry saw.
Ludowici tiles are extremely hard, which provides
the tiles with low moisture absorption. Dry cutting
techniques used on softer tile products will not work
as fast with these hard tile. Dry cutting with a good
segmented turbo diamond blade is possible. Best
results have been obtained using a 4 diamond
tipped segmented blade mounted on a small right
angle grinder motor.
Notching
Nail or Screw
One time saving option to drilling through the tiles

is to notch it with the small 4 diamond blade saw
and then nail or wire in place. If using a field tile for
the starter course or ridge, dovetail notches are cut.
Make sure cuts are wide enough for nail or screw
(see Figure 3.11).
Drilling
Additional nail holes may also be drilled if necessary.
High torque electric drills may snap the carbide bits
in the extremely hard Ludowici tile. Drills should be
battery-powered, adjustable clutch-driven types. To
drill out holes, the tile should be set in a pan with
water to extend bit life and avoid the risk of eye
injury due to fragments. Expect to drill only about
6 holes per carbide bit.
WARNING:
Dry drilling may result in serious eye injury.
Always use protective eye and face wear when
drilling tile.
20
Never use 115-240 volt AC-operated drills in

water. Electrical shock could result.
Figure 3.11 Ridge and/or Under Eave Course Notched and Fastened
section
Installing the Flashing

2 Rake Edge Flashing
IMPORTANT:
Where roofs intersect other roofs, parapet walls,
chimneys, ventilators, vent pipes and similar
projections, flashings are required. There is a
natural weakness at these intersections and
properly installed flashings are required to make
the intersection watertight. Contraction and
expansion due to temperature changes contribute
to the weakness, so it is extremely important to
correctly design and install the flashings and to
use durable flashing material (a minimum of
16 oz. sheet copper is recommended).
Usually rake edge flashing is NOT specified since

Ludowici has specific rake tiles to finish the gable
rakes. If a rake edge flashing is required, a formed,
16 oz. or heavier copper flashing should be installed
to serve as a drip edge and as a finished edge.
The gable flashing is to be installed over the waterproof underlayment. The flashing must extend 5
onto the deck and must have a 1/2 hemmed edge
(see Figure 4.2). At the edge of the roof deck, the
flashing is to extend up (perpendicular to the deck)
2 and back down at least 5 1/2 along the gable
fascia board with a 1/2 crimp at the bottom edge to
serve as a drip edge. The gable flashing pieces are to
lap each other to form an overlap of at least 4.
General flashing details are shown in this section

but many more exist for each particular situation
which cannot be covered in the context of this tile
installation manual. Proper flashing installations
are critical for a watertight roof.
End Band
Shingle Tile
1 Eave Flashing
1/2
Hemmed
Edge
2 Copper
Cleat
Where eave metal flashing is used, it should be

formed using a minimum of 16 oz. sheet copper
with a drip edge along the bottom to allow water
to drip off the edge of the roof. See Figure 4.1.
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
16 Oz. Copper
Gable Flashing/ Rake
Drip Edge
WinterGuard
or Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
No. 43 Coated
Base Sheet
Figure 4.2 Metal Rake Edge
Vertical Fascia
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
Figure 4.1 Perimeter Flashing with Cant Strips
21
2 Copper Clips
8-24 Apart.
Bend Clip Over
Nail Head.
3 Flashing at Valleys
Valleys, since they collect the water runoff from
the portions of the roof sloping into them, are
particularly prone to water migration and leakage. A clear and unobstructed pathway for quick
water drainage is essential in valleys. There are
two basic types of valleys in tile roof installation:
open and closed valleys.
Lap Self-Adhesive
Bitumen Membrane
12 Minimum Overlap
in Valley
12
16 Oz. Copper Valley

Metal Formed from
Approximately 24 Wide
Metal. Minimum 4
Extension Under Tile.
Lap Copper Flashing
8 Minimum.
Open Valleys
In an open valley construction the tiles are held
back from the center of the valley to expose the
copper flashing. The advantage of an open valley
is that it permits unobstructed drainage. Open
valleys are recommended in areas with
surrounding foliage where the leaves, needles,
and other debris can fall on the roof and
potentially slow or block the runoff of water
from the roof (see Figures 4.3 and 4.5).
Figure 4.4 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Shingle Tile
Valley Tile
Copper
Cleat
The valley metal is to be secured with approved

fasteners. At no time are nails to be placed in the
area of the valley that will be carrying water.
Minimum of 6
Exposed Width at
Top of Valley
Covered Fasteners for
Bottom Valley Metal
Lap Copper
Flashing 8
Valley Tile
16 Oz./Sq. Ft.
Copper Flashing
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
3 Minimum
Opening at Top
of Valley
Copper
Cleat
Ridge
Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Copper Cleat
8-24 Apart
Bend Clip Over
Nail Head
Lap Self-Adhesive
Modified Bitumen
Membrane
12 Minimum Overlap
in Valley
16 Oz. Copper Valley
Metal Formed from
Approximately 24 Wide
Metal. Minimum 4
Extension Under Tile
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Water Diverter
Roof Deck
Copper Cleat
Nail
Minimum 16 Oz.
Copper Sheet Flashing
Figure 4.5
Cross Section Showing Valley Flashing on Wood Roof Base
IMPORTANT:
Metal exposure width shall increase 1 for every
8 feet of valley run towards the eave.
22
Figure 4.3 Typical Open Valley Flashing for Pan and Cover Tiles
Closed Valleys
1/2 Hem
Folded Over
In a closed valley, the tiles from the adjoining roof

are mitered and abutted. Since water migrates
through a closed valley onto the sheet copper flashing
which carries the runoff, this type of construction is
considered decorative. Closed valleys should not be
used where foliage debris can fall onto the roof.
Another area where it is strongly discouraged is
where the rafter length or pitch varies on adjacent
roof planes. It is important that corresponding
courses align coming into the valley.
16oz.
Length of Tile
Figure 4.6 Closed Valley Flashing Pattern

Using Standard Exposure
16 oz.
Sheet Copper
Flashing
Note: Underlayment for all valleys must be a full

width sheet (36) of two layers of No. 43
coated base sheet or a layer of self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane. Each course
from the adjoining fields must overlap the
valley underlayment by at least 12.
All closed valleys should be step flashed with a 16 oz.
copper sheet, at least 24 wide with a 1/2 edge
turned over and fastened with cleats. Joints should
be lapped at least 8, but not soldered.
Sheet Copper
WinterGuard or
Celadon
Waterproof
Underlayment Ceramic Slate
2 Minimum
IMPORTANT:
Fasteners must never penetrate valley flashings.
Cut valley tiles must be notched (existing holes can
also be used) and wired to fasteners driven into
the deck beyond the flashing (see Figure 4.8).
16 oz.
Sheet Copper
Drip Edge
Roof Deck
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant
Strip
Vertical Fascia
Valley Flashing Pieces

Should Extend Approximately
9 Beyond Both Sides
of Valley Center Line
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Do Not Nail Into
Copper Valley
Figure 4.7 Section of a Closed Valley
16 Oz. Copper
Valley Flashing
2 Copper Cleat Bend Clip Over
Nail Head
8 Lap for Copper
Valley Flashing
16 Gauge
Solid Copper
Wire Without
Insulation
Shingle
Field Tile
Figure 4.8 Typical Closed Mitered Valley for Flat Shingle Tile with Stepped Flashing
23
Channel or Pan Flashing
4 Flashing at Vertical Walls

Two methods of flashing at vertical walls are typically
used: step flashing and channel or pan flashing.
Generally, step flashing is used with flat tiles and
channel flashing with pan and cover tiles.
Step Flashing
In the step method of flashing, individual 16 oz.
sheet copper flashing is applied between each course
of tile. A minimum head lap of 3 must be provided
from step flashing to step flashing. See Figure 4.9.
The following criteria should be used to determine the
appropriate size for step flashing:
1. The step flashings should have a minimum of
3 overlap over each other.
4. The flashing should be at least 16 oz. sheet copper.
6 Vertical
Minimum
6
Minimum
Above
Roofing
1. Waterproof underlayment should extended 6

up the vertical wall.
2. The copper flashings vertical flange should
extend approximately 4 up the wall.
3. Each length of copper channel flashing should
extend a minimum of 8 over the underlying
length of copper channel flashing.
5. The copper flashing should be fastened through

the vertical flange, near the upper portion at
approximately 12 on center. (The flashing
channel should not be penetrated with fasteners
since it is acting as a gutter.)
3. The step flashing should extend a minimum

of 5 onto the roof so that there is at least a
5 overlap of the underlying tile.
3
Minimum
Overlap
The following procedures are used to install channel

or pan flashing:
4. The copper flashing channel should extend a

minimum of 3 under the tile.
2. The step flashing should extend up the vertical

surface a minimum of 4 and a minimum of
2 overlap of the siding, cladding or copper
counterflashing.
Waterproof
Underlayment
Extending
Up Side Wall
Channel or pan flashing, used with profile tiles, is

designed to extend under the tiles rather than being
interwoven between courses. See Figure 4.10.
6. The wall underlayment and the siding or cladding

should be brought down a minimum of 2 over
the upper portion of the vertical flange.
Waterproof Underlayment
Extending Up Side Wall
Siding/
Cladding
Fastener
Air Retarder
or Felt
1/2
Siding/Cladding
Serves as
Counterflashing a
Minimum of 2
Above Roof Surface
Hemmed
Edge
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Vertical
Flange Extending
Up Side Wall
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Step
Flashing
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Channel
Flashing
Tile
5
Minimum
24
Figure 4.9 Copper Step Flashing with Flat Shingle Tile
Minimum
1/2 Leg
3 Minimum
Under Tile
Figure 4.10 Channel Flashing with Pan and Cover Tile
5 Flashing at Open Valley at Main Roof

to Dormer Juncture
For flashing where an open valley occurs at the
intersection of a dormer roof and the main roof, the
following steps should be taken.
1. The main roof tiles should be installed to just
above the lower end of the valley, where the
valley and the main roof intersect. Along the
roof/wall juncture, step or channel flashing
must be used and the last tile in the course
should fit closely against the wall of the dormer.
See Figure 4.11.
2 Extension
2. The bottom end of the copper valley flashing

should be cut so that it extends 1/2 below the
down-slope edge of the dormer roof deck at the
bottom of the valley. This lower cut edge should
project a minimum of 2 below the intersection
of the dormer and main roof.
Copper
Valley
Approximately
24 Wide
1/2
Minimum
Extension
2 Minimum
Extension
Step
Flashing
Dormer Roof
First Course
Shingle
Under Eave Tile
Dormer Siding
Copper
Step Flashing
Copper
Counter Flashing
4 Minimum
Copper Apron
Flashing
Figure 4.11 Open Valley at Main Roof to Dormer

Juncture with Flat Shingle Tile
25
6 Flashing at Chimney
Since the foundations of chimneys are usually
structurally separate, the flashing around chimneys
needs to be able to accommodate movement from
differential settlement without compromising the
watertightness of the roof. Regardless of the climate,
install WinterGuard or self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane around the base of the chimney
before the underlayment is applied as a protection
against ice dams. Four types of flashing are required
to properly flash around chimneys.
16 Oz. Copper Upslope

Cricket Flashing
6 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Vertical Flange
Flashing
1. Apron flashing at the downslope face over the

installed tiles 4 minimum exposed width,
6 up the face of the chimney and continuously
counterflashed.
16 Oz.Copper
Counterflashing
Apron Flashing with

Hemmed Drip Edge
2. Step flashing (for flat tiles) or channel flashing

(for profile tiles) along the sides of the chimney.
Use the details from Figures 4.9 or 4.10, Page 24.
16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing
Figure 4.12 Chimney Flashing with Shingle Tile
3. Cricket or backer flashing on the upslope side

or back.
4. Continuous counterflashing embedded in
masonry joints.
Counterflashing
4 16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
16 Oz. Copper Upslope

Cricket Flashing
6 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Vertical Flange
Flashing
16 Oz.Copper
Counterflashing
Sheet copper counterflashing should be installed to

overlap all vertical flashing flanges extended up the
sides of chimneys. This is best accomplished by the
mason during construction. See Figure 4.12.
Continuous Counterflashing
Embedded in Mortar Joint
16 Oz. Copper
Channel
Flashing
16 Oz. Copper Counterflashing

16 Oz. Copper Channel Flashing
Soft Metal Apron Flashing

with Sufficient Length for Forming
Over Tile Contours
Cover Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
4 16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
Figure 4.13 Chimney Flashing with Mission Tile

Masonry
Chimney
Pan Tile
Note: A cricket is required to direct water runoff

around the upslope side of the chimney.
Roof Deck
26
Figure 4.14 Examples of Counterflashing in Mortar Joint
7 Additional Flashing Details

Plumbing pipe vents and stacks, skylights,
roof-to-roof transition, and other penetrations
all require special flashing.
16 Oz. Copper Backflashing
Extends Upslope Under Tiles
Approximately 24
16 Oz. Copper Sheet or

Soft Metal Flashing
Extended Upslope to Achieve
3 Head Lap
Roll Top of Flashing into

Pipe or Cap with Formed
Soft Metal Cap
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Integral
Counterflashing
with Hemmed
Drip Edge
Waterproof
Underlayment
Turned Up at Curb
4 Minimum
16 Oz. Copper
Apron Flashing
with Lower Edge
Hemmed Under
Soldered
Flashing Sleeve
16 Oz. Copper
Counterflashing
Raised Curb
16 Oz. Copper Step Flashing
Figure 4.15 Flashing at Skylights
Figure 4.16 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Shingle Tile
Roll Top of Flashing

Into Pipe or Cap with
Formed, Soft Metal
Soil Pipe
Through Roof
Soldered
Flashing Sleeve
(Copper or Lead)
Metal Flashing
Extended Upslope to
Achieve a 3 Head Lap
Primary
Flashing Sleeve
Install with
Sealant
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Figure 4.17 Pipe Penetration Flashing for Spanish Tiles
27
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Flashing Metal
GAMBREL
Transition
16 Oz. Copper Flashing
(Angles Change
According to Roof Slope)
Sealant
Copper Cleat
Roof Deck
Field Tile
1 x 2
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Sealant
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 4.18 Flashing at High Slope to Low Slope (for Interlocking Tile)
Waterproof
Underlayment
HIGH TO LOW SLOPE

Transition Copper Flashing
(Angles Change According
to Roof Slope)
Field Tile
Roof Deck
16 Oz.
Copper Cleat
1 x 2
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
16 Oz. Sheet Copper

Flashing Metal
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Under Eave Tile
Sealant
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper
Drip Edge
Sealant
Vertical Fascia
Figure 4.19 Flashing at Low Slope to High Slope (for Interlocking Tile)
Roof Deck
Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
Optional
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Sealant
16 Oz.
Copper
Cleat
16 Oz. Sheet Copper Flashing
Under Eave Tile
Sealant
Vertical Fascia
Figure 4.20 Flashing to Curved Rafter (for Interlocking Tile)
28
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper
Drip Edge
section
Flat Shingle Tile

Installation
Nominal 2 Wide
Treated Wood
Ridge Stringer Long Top
Tile
Short Top
Tile
V-Ridge
Tile
V - 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Terminal

(Starter)
Sealant
Roof Deck
Nominal 2 Wide
Treated Wood Hip Stringer
Waterproof
Underlayment
Waterproof
Underlayment
End Band
Cut Field Tile for Hip Left
Under Eave Tile
V-Hip Starter
Tile
Field Tile
IMPORTANT:
Before starting tile installation, it is important that
the roofer understand how the Flat Shingle Tile
pattern being installed relates to the roof design.
The following roof preparations must be

completed before installing any roof tile.
For detailed information on these items refer to the
previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual
on Steep Roofing.
Install the flashings required for ensuring watertightness:
Eave Flashing
Rake Edge Flashing
Valley Flashing
Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing,
Chimney and Cricket Flashing
Vent Flashing
Underlayment for the entire roof deck, including
the appropriate waterproof underlayments
required for all flashing and, where required, the
ice dam membrane
Roof surface chalked with vertical and horizontal
lines
Instructions Specific to
Installing Flat Shingle Tile
1 Tile Cant Strips
Cant strips for Ludowici Flat Shingle tile are required
at the eave line together with the under eave tile to
provide the proper angle for the starter course (see
Figure 5.4, Page 32). The cant strip nominal
dimensions should be per Chart 5.1 and a maximum length of 48. Cant strips are to be installed
with a 1/2 gap between the ends of the strips.
29
If the cant strip is to be installed directly (on top) of

the underlayment, they are to be pressure-treated,
foundation-grade wood and installed to have a 1/2
gap between the ends of the 48 long cant strips.
WinterGuard or
Overlaps Flashing Flange
2 Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
If the cant strip is installed directly to the wood

decking, refer to the Figure 5.2 for proper
installation details.
WinterGuard or
Overlaps Flashing Flange
Roof Deck
2 Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
Roof Deck
16 Oz. Copper
Raised Drip Edge
Flashing
16 Oz. Copper
Extended Edge
Perimeter Flashing
Vertical Fascia
Vertical Fascia
Figure 5.1
Cant Strip Installed Directly to the
Underlayment Prior to Under Eave Fitting
Figure 5.2
Cant Strip Installed Directly to the
Wood Deck Prior to Under Eave Fitting
Chart 5.1:
Cant Strip Nominal Dimensions When Using an Under Eave Tile
Flat Shingle Tile Style
Antique, Brittany, Calais,
Colonial, Crude, Georgian,
Norman, and Provincial
30
Nominal Size of Cant Strip

3/4
x 2
1 x 2
1 x 2
Chart 5.2:
Flat Slab Shingle Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights
2 Hip and Ridge Stringers

If the design requires Hip and Ridge tile, nominal
2 wide wood stringers are required. All wood
stringers should be pressure-treated, foundationgrade wood and should be covered with a 36 wide,
self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane, such as
CertainTeed WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43
coated base sheet. Consult Chart 5.2 to determine
the correct stringer height for V-Hip and Ridge
regular tile. Ridge roof pitches exceeding 14 rise
to 12 run require the contractor to measure the
roof for stringer height. See Chart 5.3.
Roof Pitch
V-Hip
5 Rise to 12 Run
6 Rise to 12 Run
7 Rise to 12 Run
8 Rise to 12 Run
9 Rise to 12 Run
10 Rise to 12 Run
11 Rise to 12 Run
12 Rise to 12 Run
13 Rise to 12 Run
14 Rise to 12 Run
2 1/4
2
2
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
V-Ridge
1
13/16
9/16
3/8
1/4
3/16
9/16
7/16
1/4
1/8
Chart 5.3:
Roof Pitch Specific For V-Ridge/Hip Type
Hip/Ridge
Degree
Roof Pitch/Rise to Run
V-Ridge Regular
116 Degrees
up to 10 1/2 rise to 12 run
V-Ridge Intermediate
90 Degrees
from 10 1/2 to 20 rise to 12 run
V-Ridge Steep Pitch
75 Degrees
greater than 20 rise to 12 run
V-Hip Regular
116 Degrees
up to 18 rise to 12 run
3 Under Eave Tile
1/2 Hem
Installation of all the Ludowici flat shingle tile

patterns requires an Under Eave Tile. The under
eave tiles are normally laid right to left or laid
from the gable end to a valley. Normal practice
requires the under eave tile to be laid with a 2
overhang at the eave and a 1 overhang at the
rake. Lay the under eave course loose across the
slope of the cant strip to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course before
nails or screws are installed. Once layout is
established, install the under eave tile in the
normal right to left fashion.
Ply No. 43
Coated Base Sheet (shown)
or 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Minimum Head Lap
4 Minimum End Lap
End Band (Half Tile)

1/2 Gap
Full Shingle Tile

16 Oz. Copper
Drip Edge Flashing
Under Eave Tile Cant Strip

First Course
1 Overhang
at Rake
Second Course
Figure 5.3 Under Eave Tile Installation
31
4 First and Succeeding Courses of Tile
5 Points to Remember During

Field Tile Installation
Flat shingle clay tile are laid out from right to left,
in double thickness. The starter course begins with
an end band (half tile) placed directly over the first
under eave tile. All joints of the starter course and
succeeding courses should be centered over the
previous course or at least 3 from any other underlying vertical joint.
Tile installation will generally progress in a diagonal

fashion, moving from the starting point of the
under eave tile.
Use the chalk lines as a guide.
Watch for any irregularities in the roof deck
construction.
After the installation of about 75-100 tiles, the
roof should be inspected from the ground at a
distance greater than 40 feet to determine that
there are no streaks or blotches. To ensure a good
range of tones, this inspection must be done at
regular intervals.
When each course is 10 to 12 tiles from the
terminating end, compare the remaining distance
to the width of the tiles to determine if a slight
crowding or stretching of the tile may be required
to ensure the last piece in the course is an end
band (1/2 tile) or a full tile. DO NOT crowd or
pull to the extreme any more than 5 or 6 pieces
positioned side by side.
Note: Each shingle field tile is provided with (2)

two fastening nail holes. When installing
field tiles or accessories care should be taken
to fasten each tile with nails or screws in
every provided fastening hole.
The second course should be laid to provide the

proper exposure, creating the 2 triple thickness
area (see Figure 5.4). See Valley Tiles, Page 32, for
information on installing tiles of roof decks which
include valleys.
Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or

1 Layer of No. 43
Coated Base Sheet or Self-Adhesive
Modified Bitumen Membrane
as Required
Note: End bands shall be fastened typical of

standard field tile, but also requires flashing
cement (meeting requirements of ASTM
D-4586) applied between the head laps.
Field Tile
Length
Standard Head LapAverage

Exposure +2
Average
Exposure
Roof
Deck
Triple
Lap
Under Eave
Tile
2
Triple
Lap
2
Overhang
Vertical Fascia
Pressure Treated Wood

Cant Strip
16 Oz. Copper
Raised Drip Edge Flashing
Figure 5.4 Providing Proper Exposure
32
6 Valley Tiles
Tiles to be installed in valleys can be mitered in the
field or by ordering and using special factory tiles.
Whether field miter cut or factory tiles are used,
the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley
flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley
flashing should be drilled or notched and wired
with solid 16 gauge wire to fasteners driven into
the deck beyond the flashing.
Note: Notching and drilling was addressed previously on Page 20. In situations where valley
tile pieces are so small that it is not practical
to notch or drill, use the adhesive RT600
(an OSI product) or its equivalent.
If special factory valley tile are being applied prior

to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the
entire eave field tile course including the valley tile.
This loose laying process of the valleys left side will
advance as a typical installation would, from right to
left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side, it
will advance from left to right. With the installation
of shingle tiles, this should not create any concerns.
Start by loose laying the valley tile to the already
chalked valley line and continue away from the
valley with the first course of tile. Once layout is
established, install the tiles in the normal right to
left fashion.
7 Ridge and Hip Tiles

Hip and ridge self-adhesive modified bitumen
membrane or two layers of No. 43 coated base
sheet as required are applied after the field tiles of
both roof areas have been laid and the tiles in each
intersecting course cut to the apex of hip or ridge.
Begin laying the hip at the downslope end and the
ridge from the leeward end. This underlayment
requirement must extend over the field tiles by
approximately 3 to 6.
Note: It may be beneficial to lay out the chosen

ridge system on the stringer to determine lap
(no less than 2). This will prevent having to
traverse the installed tiles later.
Ridge Tile
The Flat Shingle ridge tile roof can be finished in
several ways (see Figures 5.6, 5.7 and 5.8). V-Hip
and Ridge is the preferred installation method as it
is the best design to prevent water from reaching
the underlayment.
Note: Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away

from the prevailing winds helps the tile shed
wind-driven rain.
The loose laying process becomes vitally important

when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley. The
focus must be to space the eave course so it consists
of all full field tile and is finished on both ends with
the special cut valley tiles or so it consists of all full
field tile, one end band (half tile) and is finished, as
stated above, with the special cut valley tiles. Keep
in mind not to allow any more than 1/4 side gap
between two tiles and not to crowd any more than
5 pieces together. When the distance between valleys
is so minimal that it does not allow for the above
mentioned spacing, one field tile per course will
require field cutting to allow for proper layup.
If field mitered valley tiles are applied, they should
be trimmed to provide a clean, even, continuous
edge along the entire valley length.
33
Saddle Ridge/Mitered Ridge

A saddle ridge and a mitered ridge uses Long Top
tiles with Header Course tiles. Flashing cement
must be applied where the header course tiles overlay each other and where they rest on the long tops.
The ridge angles and hip/ridge terminal shall be
mitered in the field for proper fit, nailed or wired
and set in flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Refer to Figures 5.5 and
5.6 for proper installation sequence and details.
Header Course Ridge

Header Course Hip Roll
Saddle Type
Note:
Sealant Applied Under Tiles
All Edges
Figure 5.5 Saddle Type Hip and Ridge
34
Waterproof
Underlayment
7 Header Course Ridge
Sealant
Sealant
Long Top Tile
Field Tile
Under Eave Tile
Pressure Treated
Nailing Strip
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Figure 5.6 Saddle Ridge
16 Oz. Copper
Under Eave
Drip Edge
Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
Header Course
Sealant
Long Top Tile
Shingle Field Tile
Pressure Treated
Nailing Strip
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 5.7 Mitered Ridge
35
V-Ridge Tile
The use of Ludowicis V-Ridge with the Shingle
Tile pattern requires the use of Long Tops and Short
Tops. See Figure 5.8 for sequence of installation.
Cover with Sealant

if Fastener is Exposed
V-Ridge Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Sealant
Short Top Tile
Long Top Tile

Flat Shingle
Field Tile
Pressure Treated
Wood Ridge Pole
Pressure Treated
Nailing Strip
Roof Deck
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 5.8 V-Ridge
Flashing cement must be applied to the overlap of

each ridge tile and where they rest on the field tile.
Closed V-Ridge pieces or V-Hip and Ridge terminals
are used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge
finisher will have an exposed fastener which should
be sealed with flashing cement meeting ASTM
D-4586. Some roof terminations may require a
combination of typical flashing details or a special
tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales
representative with the projects special roof
requirements.
A vented ridge system is available through AirVent
that can accommodate the V-Ridge tile. The
Shingle Vent II-9 system is recommended for slopes
3:12 to 12:12. On slopes from 7:12 to 12:12 it may
be necessary to seal the bottom of the vent to the
field tile using the approved silicone building sealant.
Shingle Vent II-9 carries a 30-year warranty. For
additional details call 1-800-AirVent.
36
Hip Tile
There are 3 methods to finish the hips of a flat
shingle tile roof depending on the design aesthetics
desired. These methods are flushed mitered, saddle
hip, or the use of a V-Hip tile.
Mitered Hip
A flush mitered hip can be done by accurately
miter-cutting the field tile and sealing the finished
joint with an approved sealant meeting the
requirements of ASTM D-4586.
Saddle Hip
Header Course tile is used to form a Saddle Hip
and is sealed with an approved sealant meeting the
requirements of ASTM D-4586 and is installed as
shown in Figure 5.5.
Fascia
Pressure Treated
Wood Blocking
Short Top Tile
Adhesive
Long Top Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Adhesive
Siding
Corner
Adhesive
Required Waterproof
Underlayment
16 Oz. Sheet Copper

Step Flashing 3
Minimum Overlap, 6
Above Roof Deck,
1/2 Hem
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Roof Deck
Figure 5.9 Vertical Wall Detail
Note: The ridge angles and hip/ridge terminal, for

both mitered hip or saddle hip, shall be
mitered in the field for proper fit, nailed or
wired, and set in flashing cement meeting
8 Vertical Wall Option
V-Hip Tile
9 Accessory Pieces
Hips are started with a special V-Hip Starter tile

which should cover the field tile approximately 3
on both sides. The regular V-Hip tile is then
installed by creating an approximate 2 head lap on
the V-Hip starter tile. This 2 head lap is continued
up the hip and flashing cement is applied at each
hip tiles overlap. The last fastener on the upslope
end of the hip is typically covered with a V-Hip and
Ridge Terminal. Some roof termination may require
a combination of typical flashing details or a special
tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with projects special roof requirements.
Under Eave Tile
Flat shingle tile can also be used on a vertical surface.

Short tops and long tops and under eave cant strips
are used (see Figure 5.9).
Standard Fittings
Specific standard fittings are manufactured for each
style of field tile. These fittings provide better
protection against water penetrating beneath the
tile than field mitered pieces. Chart 5.4 provides
overall lengths, standard exposures, weights, and
pieces per box of these standard accessories.
Custom Fittings
All custom fittings are special order to specifications.
Ludowici creates custom fittings from design
sketches using Computer Aided Design (CAD)
technology and company artisans who craft the
tiles by hand.
37
38
Long
Top
Flat Slab Shingle

3/8 & 5/8
Actual Size
6 x 9
Exposure
6 x 5
Pieces/Box
80
Weight
5.0 lbs./ft.
Antique, Brittany
Actual Size
7 x 9
Exposure
7 x 5
Pieces/Box
80
Weight
5.0 lbs./ft.
Calais, Colonial,
Norman, Provincial
Actual Size
7 x 10 1/2
Exposure
7 x 6 1/2
Pieces/Box
80
Weight
5.0 lbs./ft.
Crude
Actual Size
6 x 9
Exposure
6 x 5
Pieces/Box
80
Weight
5.0 lbs./ft.
Georgian
Actual Size
8 x 10 1/2
Exposure
8 x 6 1/2
Pieces/Box
80
Weight
5.0 lbs./ft.
Tile Type
Chart 5.4: Flat Tile Accessories
7 x 7
7 x 7
80
3.8 lbs./ft.
3 1/2 x 12
3 1/2 x 5
80
3.7 lbs./ft.
3 1/2 x 15
3 1/2 x 6 1/2
80
3.7 lbs./ft.
3 x 12
3 x 5
80
3.7 lbs./ft.
4 x 15
4 x 6 1/2
80
3.7 lbs./ft.
7 x 5
7 x 5
80
3.1 lbs./ft.
7 x 6 1/2
7 x 6 1/2
80
3.1 lbs./ft.
6 x 5
6 x 5
80
3.1 lbs./ft.
8 x 6 1/2
8 x 6 1/2
80
3.1 lbs./ft.
8 x 8 1/2
8 x 8 1/2
80
3.8 lbs./ft.
6 x 7
6 x 7
80
3.8 lbs./ft.
7 x 8 1/2
7 x 8 1/2
80
3.8 lbs./ft.
6 x 7
6 x 7
80
3.8 lbs./ft.
Under
Eave
3 x 12
3 x 5
80
3.7 lbs./ft.
End
Band
6 x 5
6 x 5
80
3.1 lbs./ft.
Short
Top
8 x 15
8 x 12
80
5.0 lbs./ft.
6 x 12
6 x 9
80
5.0 lbs./ft.
7 x 15
7 x 12
80
5.0 lbs./ft.
7 x 12
7 x 9
80
5.0 lbs./ft.
6 x 12
6 x 9
80
5.0 lbs./ft.
Header
Course
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
V-Hip &
Ridge
Intermediate
90
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
V-Hip &
Ridge
Regular
116
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
V-Ridge
Closed Ridge
End Regular
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
V-Hip
Starter
Regular
section
Interlocking Tile
Installation
Nominal 2 Wide
Pressure Treated
Ridge Stringer
211 Ridge Tile
118 Hip Roll Tile
Roof Deck
Sealant
Nominal 2 Wide Pressure Treated Hip Stringer
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Cut Field Tile for Hip
End
Band
Tile
Detached
Left Gable Rake
Tile
118/211 2 Hip & 1 Ridge

Terminal (Starter)
168 Hip Starter Tile
Under Eave
Tile
Field Tile
IMPORTANT:
Before starting tile installation, it is important
that the roofer understand how the Interlocking
Tile pattern being installed relates to the roof design.

For detailed information on these items refer to the
previous sections in this book or the NRCA Manual
on Steep Roofing.
Eave Flashing
Rake Edge Flashing
Valley Flashing
Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight Flashing,
Chimney and Cricket Flashing
Vent Flashing
the appropriate waterproof underlayments
required for all flashing and, where required, the
ice dam membrane
lines
Note: Interlocking tiles utilize detached rake edge

tile for both the right and left sides of the
gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is not
required when these tiles are used. An
attached rake tile can also be used if specified
by the architect and ordered from the factory.
Instructions Specific to Installing

Interlocking Tile
Interlocking tile typically use Hip and Ridge tiles to
complete the roof and are installed on nominal 2
wide wood stringers. All stringers should be pressuretreated, foundation-grade wood and should be
covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified
bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, or 2 layers of No. 43 coated base
sheet. Consult Chart 6.2 to determine the correct
stringer height for the hip and/or ridge tile to be
used. Roof pitches (Chart 6.1) exceeding 14 rise to
12 run require the contractor to measure the roof
for stringer height.
39
Chart 6.1: Roof Pitch Specific For Ridge/Hip Type

Hip/Ridge
Degree
Roof Pitch/Rise to Run
V-Ridge Regular
or
No. 211 Ridge Regular
116 Degrees
up to 10 1/2 rise to 12 run
V-Ridge Intermediate
or
No. 211 Ridge Intermediate
90 Degrees
from 10 1/2 to 20 rise to 12 run
V-Ridge Steep Pitch

or
No. 211 Ridge Steep Pitch
75 Degrees
greater than 20 rise to 12 run
V-Hip Regular
116 Degrees
up to 18 rise to 12 run
Chart 6.2: Interlocking Hip & Ridge Stringer Heights

Roof Pitch
4 Rise to 12 Run
5 Rise to 12 Run
6 Rise to 12 Run
7 Rise to 12 Run
8 Rise to 12 Run
9 Rise to 12 Run
10 Rise to 12 Run
11 Rise to 12 Run
12 Rise to 12 Run
13 Rise to 12 Run
14 Rise to 12 Run
118 Hip
211 Ridge
V-Hip
V-Ridge
2 7/8
2 7/8
2 7/8
2 3/4
2 3/4
2 3/4
2 5/8
2 5/8
2 5/8
2 5/8
2 5/8
3 1/8
2 7/8
2 5/8
2 3/8
2 1/8
1 7/8
1 5/8
1 3/8
1 1/8
7/8
5/8
2 1/4
2 1/4
2
2
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
1
13/16
9/16
3/8
1/4
3/16
9/16
7/16
1/4
1/8
2 Under Eave Tile

Installation of most Ludowici Interlocking Tile
patterns require the use of an Under Eave Tile.
This under eave tile provides the proper cant
angle for the starter course. The under eave tiles
are normally laid right to left, or laid from the
gable end to a valley. Normal practice requires
the under eave tile to be laid with a 2 overhang
at the eave and flush at the rake. Lay the under
eave course loose across the slope to determine
what adjustments, if any, are needed in the
course before nails or screws are installed. Once
layout is established, install these Under Eave
tile in the normal right to left fashion.
40

Interlocking clay tile are normally laid from right
to left starting with the right detached gable rake.
The detached gable rake serves as a flashing detail
for the rake edge and is available in left- and righthand versions. These tile shall be installed with the
fasteners typical to the field tile installation, but
they will also require flashing cement (meeting
requirements of ASTM D-4586) to be applied
between the contact areas of the field tile and the
gable rake. When looking at the eave courses of the
field tiles, the gable rakes to the right are called the
rights and vise-versa.
After installing the right detached gable rake, the
starter course will begin with a full tile placed
directly over the first under eave tile. The second
course will be started with an end band tile and will
be laid to provide the proper vertical exposure with
the normal head lap of 3. This exposure is continued through each successive course. All joints of the
second course and succeeding courses should be at
the center line of the previous course. If the
interlocking tile are to start at a valley it is suggested
to lay the tile loose across the slope to determine
what adjustments, if any, are needed in the course
before nails or screws are installed.
Note: Each field tile is provided with (2) two fastening nail holes. When installing interlocking field tiles or accessories, care should be
taken to fasten each tile with nails or screws
in every provided fastening hole.

Field Tile Installation
fashion, moving from the starting point of the
under eave tile.
construction.
regular intervals.
pull to the extremes any more than 5 or 6 pieces
Interlocking
Field Tile
End Band
Tile
Ice Dam
Waterproof
Underlayment 1 Layer of
Self-Adhesive
Modified Bitumen
Membrane
Under Eave
Tile
Right Detached
Gable Rake Tile
Figure 6.1 Rakes for Interlocking Flat Tile
41
5 Valley Tiles
field or by ordering and using special factory tiles.
Whether field miter cut or factory tiles are used,
the tile fasteners should never penetrate the valley
flashings. Tile to be installed over the copper valley
flashing should be drilled or notched and wired
with solid 16 gauge copper bare or coated wire to
fasteners driven into the deck beyond the flashing
(see Figure 4.8, Page 23).
Note: In situations where valley tile pieces are so

small that it is not practical to notch or drill,
use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product)
or its equivalent.
If special factory valley tile are being applied prior to

installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay the
entire eave field tile course including the valley tile.
This loose laying process of the valleys left side will
advance as a typical installation would, from right
to left. But, when loose laying the valleys right side,
it will advance from left to right.
The installation of the interlocking tiles will slow

the process initially. Each tile, when spaced on the
deck, will require a slightly upward lifting to allow
for the proceeding tile to be laid into the interlocking channel. Once the spacing is approved, the
space can return to the standard. The tiles can be
fastened in the typical right to left pattern.
of all full field tile and is finished on both ends
with the special cut valley tiles or so it consists of all
full field tile, one end band (half tile) and is finished,
as stated above, with the special cut valley tiles.
Keep in mind not to allow any more than 5 pieces
pulled to the extreme or crowded together. When
the distance between valleys is so minimal it does
not allow for the above mentioned spacing, one
field tile per course will require field cutting to
allow for proper lay up.
Figure 6.2 Cut Hip - Left and Cut Valley - Right
42
V-Ridge & 211 Ridge Tile

Ridge Tile
The ridge for Interlocking Tile can be finished in
several ways (see Figures 6.3 and 6.4).
ridge system on the stringer to determine
lap (no less than 2). This will prevent
having to traverse the installed tiles later.
Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing
away from the prevailing winds helps the
tile shed wind-driven rain.
A flashing cement meeting the requirements of

ASTM D-4586 must be used at the overlap of
Closed ridge pieces or Hip and Ridge terminals are
used to start and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher
will have an exposed fastener which should be
sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination
may require a combination of typical flashing
details or a special tile piece. Consult the local
Ludowici sales representative with the projects
special roof requirements. See Figure 6.4 for
sequence of installation.
V-Ridge Detail
V-Ridge Tile
or 2 Layers of
No. 43 Coated Base Sheet
Sealant
Sealant
Roof Deck
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Roof Deck
2X Wood Block
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
211 Ridge Detail

211 Ridge Tile
Sealant
Field Tile
Roof Deck
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 6.3
Roof Deck
2X Wood Block
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
V-Ridge and 211 Ridge Tile Detail
43
3/8
Diameter Venting Holes at 1 O.C.

(Both Sides) Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In.
Venting Area Per Lineal Foot
Cap Flashing
3/4
Air Gaps
Bug
Screen
211 Vented
Ridge
Wind Diverter
Formed from
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Flashing Metal
Seal to the Tile with

Recommended
Sealant
Field Tile
3/4
Air Gaps
3/4
Air Gaps
Roof Deck
2X Wood Block
Required Waterproof Underlayment
Figure 6.4 211 Ventilated Intermediate Ridge
Note: A vented ridge system is available through

AirVent that can accommodate the
V-Ridge tile. The Shingle Vent II-9 system
is recommended for slopes 3:12 to 12:12.
On slopes from 7:12 to 12:12 it may be
necessary to seal the bottom of the vent
to the field tile using the approved silicone
building sealant. Shingle Vent II-9 carries
a 30-year warranty. For additional details
call 1-800-AirVent.
44
Figure 6.5 211 Vented Ridge
Mitered Ridge & Hip

If special requirements do not allow the use of
standard ridge tile, the ridge can be sealed by using
mitered tiles. The hip area would then be finished
using field cut interlocking field tile. The ridge
angles and hip/ridge terminal shall be mitered in
the field for proper fit, nailed or wired and set in
flashing cement meeting the requirements of
ASTM D-4586. Exterior joints would then be
finished with a sealant. See Figures 6.6, 6.7 and 6.8.
Note: For possible saddle or mitered application

of mitered tiles, reference Figures 5.5, 5.6
and 5.7, Pages 34 and 35.
Sealant
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
or Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Interlocking Shingle
Tile
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Figure 6.6 Header Course Ridge Tile with Interlocking Tile
Under Eave Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper
Drip Edge
Chamfered
Short Course Tile
Sealant
Required
Underlayment
Waterproof
Underlayment
Chamfered
Cut Hip Tile
Chamfered
Cut Hips
Roof Deck
Section Thru Hip

Figure 6.7 Chamfered Cut Hips & Short Course with Interlocking Tile
Elevation
Figure 6.8 Chamfered Cut Hips & Short Course with Interlocking Tile
45
Hip Tile
The hip runs are finished by using either the V-Hip
style tile or the 118 style hip tile.
Hips are started with a special V-Hip starter or
168 Hip Starter tile which should cover the field
tile approximately 3 on both sides. The V-Hip and
Ridge tile or 118 tile is then installed by creating an
approximate 2 head lap on the V-Hip Starter tile.
This 2 head lap is continued up the hip and flashing cement is used at each hip tile overlap. The last
fastener on the upslope end of the hip typically is
covered with a V-Hip and Ridge Terminal which
must be specified as a starter or finisher depending
on the direction of the ridge layout. If this last fastener is not covered, it must be sealed with flashing
cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586.
Some roof termination may require a combination
of typical flashing details or a special tile piece.
Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with
the projects special roof requirements. Reference
Figure 6.9 for section through V-Hip and Ridge tile
and 118 Hip tile.
Note: The NRCA suggests setting the chalk lines

so that they diverge at the rate of 18 per
foot (1%) as they approach the downslope
roof perimeter. When a course of tile
extends into the valley, the last tile should be
trimmed to provide a clean, even continuous
edge along the valley.
Tiles in valleys can be mitered in the field or

special factory prepared valley tiles can be installed.
The special cut valley fittings generally result in less
water entering underneath the tile.
118 Hip Tile
Sealant
Field Tile
2 Layers of No. 43
Coated Base Sheet or
Waterproof
Underlayment
2 Layers of No. 43
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
118 Hip Detail

(Interlocking)
V-Hip Detail
(Interlocking)
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Figure 6.9 Hip Details
46
Sealant
V-Hip & Ridge Tile
7 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings
Custom Fittings
Standard tile fittings are manufactured for each

style of field tile. These tile fittings provide better
tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 6.3 and 6.4
provide overall lengths, standard exposure, weight,
and pieces per box of these standard accessories.

sketches using Computer Aided Design (CAD)
tiles by hand.
Chart 6.3: Field Tile Accessories

Tile Type
Americana, Classic,
Lanai, Williamsburg
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Americana XL, Classic XL,
Lanai XL, Williamsburg XL
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Imperial
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
End Band
Detached Gable Rake

Right and Left
(Left Shown)
Under Eave
14
11
80
3.3 lbs./ft.
14
11
150
1.6 lbs./ft.
12
12
150
2.3 lbs./ft.
16
13
80
4.2 lbs./ft.
16
13
150
2.1 lbs./ft.
12
12
150
2.3 lbs./ft.
15
12
73
3.3 lbs./ft.
15
12
138
1.6 lbs./ft.
12
12
150
2.3 lbs./ft.
Chart 6.4: Celadon Ceramic Slate Accessories

Tile Type
End Band
Detached Gable Rake

Right and Left
(Left Shown)
Rake Edge 90
Hip & Ridge 100
Celadon
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
16
13
80
4.0 lbs./ft.
16
13
150
2.1 lbs./ft.
16
13
38
6.3 lbs./ft.
16
13
38
6.3 lbs./ft.
47
Chart 6.4: Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type
V-Hip & Ridge

Regular
116
V-Hip & Ridge

Intermediate
90
V-Ridge
Closed Ridge
End Regular
V-Hip
Starter
Regular
V-Hip & Ridge

Terminal
2H - 1R*
(Starter Shown)
Americana, Classic,
Lanai, Williamsburg
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Imperial
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Tile Type
Americana, Classic,
Lanai, Williamsburg
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Imperial
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
48
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
2
15.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
15 1/2
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
2
15.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
38
7.4 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
32
7.7 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
14 1/4
12
4
8.0 lbs./pc.
2
15.0 lbs./pc.
118
Hip Roll
168
Hip Starter
211 Ridge
116
211 Ridge
Closed End
(90 Intermediate
Available)
(Starter Shown)
118/211
Terminal
2H - 1R*
(Finisher Shown)
14
12
30
4.8 lbs./ft
14
12
4
5.0 lbs./pc.
13 1/4
12
18
9.7 lbs./ft.
13 1/4
12
2
14 lbs./pc.
2
20 lbs./pc.
14
12
30
4.8 lbs./ft
14
12
4
5.0 lbs./pc.
13 1/4
12
18
9.7 lbs./ft.
13 1/4
12
2
14 lbs./pc
2
20 lbs./pc.
14
12
30
4.8 lbs./ft
14
12
4
5.0 lbs./pc.
13 1/4
12
18
9.7 lbs./ft.
13 1/4
12
2
14 lbs./pc.
2
20 lbs./pc.
*Starters and Finishers available, specify pitch of all sides of roof.
Architectural Details of Ludowici

Interlocking Tiles and Fittings
211
Ridge Tile
211
Cut-Off Ridge Tile
Sealant
Flat Roof Material

Flat Roof Material
Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Field Tile
Deck Stringer
Deck Stringer
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Figure 6.11 Deck Section Showing 211 Cut-Off Ridge Tile
Figure 6.10 Deck Section Showing 211 Ridge Tile
16 Oz.
Sheet Copper
Counterflashing
Embedded in
Mortar Joint
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
1/2
Hem
Roof Deck
Figure 6.12Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles
Field Tile
End Band Tile
Detatched
Gable Rake
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Vertical Fascia
Figure 6.13 Section Showing Right Gable Rake and End Band
49
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Cap Flashing
Roof Deck
4
Minimum
211 Deck Mold

Raised Flange
Under Eave Tile

Extended 16 Oz.
Sheet Copper
Drip Edge
Sealant

Waterproof
Underlayment
Sealant
Field Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter
should be covered with a self-adhesive modified
bitumen membrane.
Pressure Treated
Deck Stringer
Under Eave
Roof Deck
Extended 16 Oz.
Sheet Copper
Drip Edge
Vertical Fascia
Figure 6.14 Section Showing Sunken Gutter Treatment
*Consult the manufacturer

of flat roofing material
for proper installation.
Figure 6.15 Deck Section Showing 211 Deck Mold-Raised

Flange Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Sealant
Field Tile - Seal Bottom
of Tile with Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
Continuous 16 Oz. Sheet

Copper Flashing Embedded
in Mortar Joint Cover Tile 5 Minimum
Roof Deck
Sealant
Figure 6.17 Deck Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles
Field Tile - Seal Bottom

of Tile with Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Figure 6.16 Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles
6 Minimum
for Flashing
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Under Eave Tile
4 Minimum
Above Top of Tile for
Required
Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
Sealant
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Flashing - Cover Tile
5 Minimum
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
50
Figure 6.18 Section Showing Flashing Under 3/8 Flat Shingle

Tiles Used as Siding

Celadon Interlocking Tiles
and Fittings
First Course
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Field Tile Cut 4 1/2

Long & Drilled for
Under Eve Tile
3/4 to 2
Overhang
Note: For Additional Undereave Application

Reference Page 20 and Figure 3.11, Page 20.
Extended Edge
16 Oz. Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Figure 6.19 Celadon Eve Detail with Starter Tile
Vertical Fascia
First Course
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Pressure
Treated
Wood
Cant Strip
Figure 6.20 Celadon Eve Detail

with Cant Strip
Note: For Mitered Hip Application of Mitered
Tile, Reference Figure 6.7 and 6.8, Page 45.
3/4 to 2
Overhang
Vertical Fascia
Cover Exposed
Fastners With Sealant
Extended Edge
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Sealant
Sealant
Pressure Treated
Wood 1X Mitered
Cant Strips
Cut Celadon
Tile
Required
Waterproof
Membrane
Sealant
Sealant
Note: For Saddle Type Hip and Ridge

Application, Reference Figures 5.5, Page 34.
Roof Deck
Figure 6.21 Celadon Mitered Saddle Ridge
Required
Waterproof
Membrane
51

Celadon Interlocking Tiles
and Fittings
6
Celadon
Rake Edge
Tile
Celadon Field
Tile
Apply
Sealant
Along the
Butt Edge
and the
Area
Between
the Rake
Edge and
the
Celadon
Tile
Sealant
Pressure Treated
Wood 1X Nailer
Roof Deck
Vertical Fascia
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 6.22 Celadon Rake Edge Tile Installation
Celadon Field Tile
/4
11/2 Minimum
Coverage
Extended Edge
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Perimeter
Flashing
Vertical Fascia
Sealant
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Fascia
Flashing with
1/2 Hem
2 Copper CleatBend Clip Over

Nail Head
Roof Deck
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 6.23 Rake Fascia Trim Board with Flashing
Note: For Detached Gable Rake and End Band

Applications Reference Figure 6.13, Page 49.
52
Nominal 2 Wide
Pressure Treated Wood
Ridge Stringer
section
French Interlocking
Profile Tile Installation
206
Ridge Tile
102/206
2 Hip & 1 Ridge
Terminal Tile
Roof Deck
102 Hip Roll Tile
As Required
Underlayment 2 Layers of No. 30 Felt
or 1 Layer of No. 43
Waterproof
Underlayment
Sealant
Waterproofing Underlayment
Pressure Treated Wood Hip Stringer
End Band
Tile
Detached
Left Gable Rake Tile
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Field Tile
IMPORTANT:
that the roofer understand how the French
Interlocking Profile tile pattern being installed
relates to the roof design.

For detailed information on these items refer to
the previous sections in this book or the NRCA
Manual on Steep Roofing.
The flashings required for ensuring watertightness:
Eave Flashing
Valley Flashing
Dormer and Sidewall Flashing, Skylight
Flashing, Chimney and Cricket Flashing
Vent Flashing
the appropriate waterproof underlayment
required for all flashing, and, where required, the
ice dam membrane
lines
Note: French Interlocking Profile Tiles utilize

detached rake edge tile for both the right
and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake
edge flashing is not required when these tiles
are used. An attached rake tile can also be
used if specified by the architect and custom
ordered from the factory.

French Interlocking Profile Tile
1 French Interlocking Profile Tile
Cant Strips
Cant strips for Ludowici French Interlocking Profile
tile are required at the eave line to provide the
proper angle for the starter course. The cant strip
nominal dimensions should be 1 1/2 x 2 with
a maximum length of 48. Cant strips must be
spaced 1/2 between ends.
Note: Reference Page 16 for additional French Tile

statistics.
53
If the cant strip is to be installed directly to the

underlayment, they are to be pressure-treated,
foundation-grade wood and have a 1/2 gap between
ends of the 48 cant strips.
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
or 2 Layers of No. 43
Coated Base Sheet
(Overlaps
Flashing Flange)

French Interlocking Profile tile typically use Hip
and Ridge tiles to complete the roof and are
installed on nominal 2 wide wood stringers. All
stringers should be pressure and treated foundationgrade wood and should be 36 wide, self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed
sheet. Consult Chart 7.1 to determine the correct
height of the nominal 2 wide stringer for the hip
and ridge tile to be used. Roof pitches exceeding
15 rise to 12 run requires the contractor to
measure the roof for stringer height.
Roof Deck
Extended Drip Edge

16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Vertical Fascia
Figure 7.1
1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Underlayment
If the cant strip is installed directly to the wood

decking, refer to Figure 7.2 for proper installation
details.
Chart 7.1: Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights

Roof Pitch
102 Hip
206 Ridge
4 Rise to 12 Run
5 Rise to 12 Run
6 Rise to 12 Run
7 Rise to 12 Run
8 Rise to 12 Run
9 Rise to 12 Run
10 Rise to 12 Run
11 Rise to 12 Run
12 Rise to 12 Run
13 Rise to 12 Run
14 Rise to 12 Run
15 Rise to 12 Run
4 3/4
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 1/2
4 1/2
4 3/8
4 3/8
4 1/4
4 1/4
4 1/8
4 1/8
4 1/8
5 1/4
5
4 3/4
4 1/2
4 1/4
4
3 3/4
3 1/2
3 1/4
3
2 7/8
2 5/8
1 1/2 x 2
Pressure Treated
Wood Cant Strip
Coated Base Sheet
(Overlaps Flashing Flange)
Raised Drip Edge

16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Vertical Fascia
54
Figure 7.2
1 1/2 x 2 Cant Strip Installed Directly to the Wood Deck

French Interlocking Profile clay tile are laid over the
cant strip from right to left. The starting course
begins with the right detached gable rake which is
positioned to provide a 2 overhang at the eave.
The detached gable rake serves as a flashing detail
for the rake edge and is available in left- and righthand versions. These tiles shall be installed with the
fasteners typical to the field tile installation, but the
proper installation requires flashing cement (meeting requirements of ASTM D-4586) applied
between the contact areas of the field tile and the
gable rake. The gable rakes to the right, when looking at the eave courses attaching to the field tiles,
are the rights and vise-versa.
End
Band
Tile
Coated Base Sheet
French
Field Tile

Tile Installation
After installing the right detached gable rake, the

starter course will begin with a full tile. See
Figure 7.3.
1 1/2 x 2
Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
The second course will be started with an end band

(half tile) and will be laid to provide the proper
vertical exposure and will provide a normal head lap
of 3 1/8. This is continued through each successive
course. All joints of the second course and
succeeding courses should be at the center line of
the previous course. If the French Interlocking
Profile tile are to start at a valley, it is suggested to
lay the tile loose across the slope on the cant strip
to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed
in the course before nails or screws are installed.
See Section 5. Valley Tiles, Page 56, for more valley
installation information.
Right
Detached Gable
Rake Tile
Figure 7.3 First and Succeeding Course for Interlocking Profile Tile

fashion, moving from the right to left. The installer
applying the lower course will always be to the left
of those applying succeeding courses.
construction.
regular intervals.
Note: Each profile interlocking field tile is provided

with (1) one fastening hole. When installing
field tiles or accessories, care should be taken
to fasten each tile with nails or screws in
every provided fastening hole.
55
5 Valley Tiles
field or by ordering and using special factory cut
and closed valley tiles. These special cut and closed
valley tile generally result in less water entering
underneath the tile. Whether field miter cut or
factory cut and closed valley tiles are used, the tile
fasteners should never penetrate the valley flashings.
Tile to be installed over the copper valley flashing
should be drilled or notched and wired with solid
16 gauge wire to fasteners driven into the deck
beyond the flashing. See Figure 4.6, Page 23.

use the adhesive RT600 (an OSI product) or
its equivalent.
Once the spacing is approved, the tiles can be

fastened in the typical right to left pattern.
when the roof deck runs from valley-to-valley.
The focus must be to space the eave course so it
consists of all full field tile and is finished on both
ends with the special cut valley tiles or so it consists
of all full field tile, one end band (half tile) and
is finished, as stated above, with the special cut
valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any more
than 5 pieces pulled to the extreme or crowded
together. When the distance between valleys is so
minimal it does not allow for the above mentioned
spacing, one field tile per course will require field
cutting to allow for proper lay up.
If special factory closed valley tile are being applied

prior to installation, it will be beneficial to loose lay
the entire eave field tile course including the valley
tile. This loose laying process of the valleys left side
will advance as a typical installation would, from
right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys
right side, it will advance from left to right.
Figure 7.4 Cut Hip - Left and Cut Valley - Right
56
206 Ridge Tile
206 Vented
Ridge Tile
Cap Flashing
The ridge for French Interlocking Profile Tile is

finished with a 206 Ridge Tile.
See Chart 7.1 for sequence of installation and
dimensions of the stringers required.
Flashing cement must be used at the overlap of
Closed 206 Ridge pieces or 102/206 Hip and
Ridge terminals are used to start and finish the
ridge. The ridge finisher will have an exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement
meeting the requirements of ASTM D-4586.
Consult the local Ludowici sales representative
with the projects special roof requirements.

Applying ridge tiles with the lap facing away
wind-driven rain.
Note: 206 Ridge tile is available in a vented version. See Figure 7.5.
Figure 7.5 206 Vented Ridge Vent
16 Oz. Sheet Copper

with 3/8 Diameter
Venting Holes
at 1 O.C. (Both Sides)
Resulting in 2.65 Sq. In.
Venting Area Per Foot
Bug Screen
Vented
Flashing
Wind
Diverter
Field Tile
Seal to Tile with
Recommended Required
Sealant Underlayment
Pressure Treated
Wood Stringer
Roof Deck
3/4
Air Gap
(Both Sides)
Hip Tile
The hip area is finished by using the 102 Hip
style tiles.
Hips are started with a 152 Hip Starter tile covering
the field tile approximately 3 on both sides. The 102
Hip Roll Tile is then installed by creating an
approximate 2 head lap on the 152 Hip Starter tile.
This 2 head lap is continued up the hip and flashing
cement is used at each hip tile overlap, where the hip
tile join the field tile, and at the hip stringer. The last
fastener on the upslope end of the hip is typically
covered with a 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal
which must be specified as a starter or finisher
depending on the direction of the ridge layout. Some
roof termination may require a combination of typical
flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the
local Ludowici sales representative with the projects
special roof requirements.
57
7 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings
tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 7.2 and 7.3
provide overall lengths, standard exposures, weights,
and pieces per box of these standard accessories.
Custom Fittings
sketches using Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)
tiles by hand.

Tile Type
End Band
Detached Gable Rake

Right and Left
(Left Shown)
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
16 1/4
13 3/8
32
5.7 lbs./ft.
16 1/4
13 3/8
32
2.9 lbs./ft.
Chart 7.3: 102 & 206 Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
102 Hip Roll
14 1/4
12
30
5.2 lbs./ft.
152 Hip Starter
14
12
4
6.3 lbs./pc.
58
206 Ridge
13 3/4
12
12
11.5 lbs./ft.
206 Closed
Ridge End*
(Starter Shown)
102/206
Terminal Regular
2H - 1R*
14
12
2
18.0 lbs./pc.
2
17.0 lbs./pc.
(Starter Shown)

French Tiles and Fittings
Valley Tile
Copper
Cleat
16 Oz. Sheet Copper Sheet

Cap Flashing
206 Deck Mould-Raised
Flange Tile
Valley Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
3 Minimum
Opening at
Top of Valley
Field Tile
Copper
Cleat
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Water Diverter
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Figure 7.7 Cross Section Showing Valley Flashing on Wood

Roof Base
x 1 1/2 WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Lath Nailer
Underlayment
Pressure Treated
2 Stringer
Figure 7.8 Deck Section Showing 206 Deck Mould-Raised

Flange Tile
3/8
Horizontal Batten
Pressure Treated
1 x 2 Strip
WinterGuard or
Waterproof
Underlayment
Continuous 16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Counterflashing
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
16 Oz. Sheet Copper

Counterflashing
Beveled
Vertical Batten
Figure 7.9 Section Showing Valley Flashing on Poured Concrete

Roof Deck
Field Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
French Interlocking Tile

Masonry
Chimney
Waterproof
Underlayment
End Band Tile
Right Detatched
Gable Rake
Vertical
Fascia
Roof Deck
1/2
Concrete
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Figure 7.11 Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles
Figure 7.10 Section Showing Right Gable Rake and End Band
Horizontal
Pressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood Batten
Hem
3/8 x 1 1/2
Pressure Treated
Lath Nailer
Horizontal
Pressure Treated
1 x 2 Wood Batten
Concrete
Roof Deck
No. 43
Coated Base Sheet
1 x 2
Pressure Treated
Beveled Vertical
Strips
20 O.C.
Longitudinal Section Through Roof
Figure 7.12 Application of Batten System to Poured Concrete Roof Deck
Set to Tile Exposure

Cross Section Through Roof
59

French Tiles and Fittings
Waterproofing
Underlayment
102 Hip Roll

Mortar
Hip Stringer
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Field Tile
Sealant
Waterproofing
Underlayment
Required
Waterproofing
Underlayment
Tile
Roof Deck
Figure 7.14 Hip Section Showing 102 Hip Roll
Figure 7.13 Section Showing Flashing Under 3/8 Flat Shingle Tiles
Continuous 16 oz. Sheet

Copper Flashing Embedded
in Mortar Joint - Cover Tile
5 Minimum
206 Ridge
Sealant
Field Tile - Seal

Bottom of Tile
with Sealant
Waterproofing
Underlayment
Roof Deck
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Field Tile
Figure 7.15 Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles
Waterproofing
Underlayment
Deck Stringer
Roof Deck
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Step
Flashing
Figure 7.16 Deck Section Showing 206 Ridge

Extended16 oz.
Sheet Copper
Drip Edge
16 oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Roof Deck
Pressure
Treated Wood
1 1/2 x 2
Sealant
French Field Tile
Cant Strip
Note: All Areas in and

Around Sunken Gutter
Should Be Covered with a
Self-adhesive Modified
Bitomem Membrane.
14
Roof Deck
Pressure
Treated Wood
1 1/2 x 2
Extended 16 Oz.
Sheet Copper
Perimeter Flashing
Cant Strip
Figure 7.17 Section Showing Sunken Gutter Treatment
60
Waterproofing
Underlayment
Vertical Fascia
section
Spanish Tile (S-Tile)

Installation
Nominal 2 Wide
Ridge Stringer
Top Fixture
206 Ridge
Tile
102/206 2 Hip & 1 Ridge

Terminal Starter
Roof Deck
102 Hip Roll Tile

Mortar to Fill Gaps
Sealant
Required
Underlayment
Nominal 2 Wide Hip Stringer

Self-Adhesive Modified Bitumen Membrane or
2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet
Nominal 2 x 2
Pressure Treated
Strip
Cut Spanish Tile

End Band Tile
Detached
Left Gable Rake Tile
Eave Closure
Tile
IMPORTANT:
that the roofer understand how the Spanish tile
pattern being installed relates to the roof design.
Spanish
Field Tile
Note: Spanish Tile utilizes either rolled rake tiles or

detached gable rake tiles for both the right
and left sides of the gables. Therefore, rake
edge flashing is not required when these tiles
are used.

Note: Especially watch this tile for unsightly

snaking that can occur due to size
variations in the tile. Adjust as necessary
using chalk lines as guides only.

Eave Flashing
Valley Flashing
Vent Flashing
ice dam membrane
lines
61

Spanish Tile (S-Tile)
Spanish Tile requires a Hip and Ridge tile to complete

the roof and are installed with a nominal 2 wide
wood stringer. All stringers should be pressure-treated foundation-grade wood and should be
covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive modified
bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed
sheet. See Chart 8.1 to determine the correct height
of the nominal 2 wide material for the type of tile
to be used at the hip and ridge. All wood stringers
should be pressure-treated, foundation-grade
wood. Roof pitch exceeding 14 rise to 12 run
requires the contractor to measure the roof for
stringer height.
1 End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers)

Spanish Tile (S-Tile) require only one nailer strip
within the field of tile and it is to serve as a nailer
strip and support for the end band tile. This nailer
strip should be pressure treated wood sized nominal
2 x 2 or 1 1/2 x 2 (actual size).
Note: The use of an end band with Spanish tiles

is only required on the left side vertical
termination or interruption of the field tile
(ie. gable rake, chimney, dormer, or a
parapet wall).
The nailer strip should be a pressure treated

foundation-grade wood. If the nailer strip is not
treated, it should be covered with either a 36 wide
membrane similar to CertainTeed WinterGuard or
2 layers of No. 43 coated base sheet.
Chart 8.1: Spanish Hip & Ridge Stringer Heights

Roof Pitch
4 Rise to 12 Run
5 Rise to 12 Run
6 Rise to 12 Run
7 Rise to 12 Run
8 Rise to 12 Run
9 Rise to 12 Run
10 Rise to 12 Run
11 Rise to 12 Run
12 Rise to 12 Run
13 Rise to 12 Run
14 Rise to 12 Run
62
102 Hip
206 Ridge
5
4 7/8
4 7/8
4 3/4
4 3/4
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 5/8
4 1/2
4 1/2
4 3/8
6 1/2
6 1/4
6
5 3/4
5 1/2
5 3/8
5 1/4
5 1/8
5
4 7/8
4 3/4
Circular Cover Hip Circular Cover Ridge

4 9/16
4 1/2
4 3/8
4 1/4
4 1/8
4
15
3 /16
3 15/16
3 7/8
3 7/8
3 13/16
3 3/4
3 5/8
3 1/2
3 3/8
3 1/4
3 1/8
2 7/8
2 3/4
2 5/8
2 1/2
2 1/4
55
3 Eave Closure Tile

Installation of all the Ludowici Spanish Tile
requires Eave Closure Tile. The Eave Closure tiles
are normally laid right to left. Normal practice
requires the Eave Closure tiles to be laid flush with
the eave and adjusted in from the right to allow for
proper layup of the right rake tile and the first cover
tile. Lay the Eave Closure tile course loose across
the slope to the provided center to center width
before nailing to determine what adjustments, if
any, are needed in the course before nails or screws
are installed.
Note: Each Spanish Field Tile is provided with (3)

three fastening holes. The (2) two holes in
the flat portion of the tile are for installation
with nails or screws. The third hole
(elongated) in the tiles barrel portion is
provided for installation with the wire-tie
system. When installing the field tile, care
should be taken to fasten tiles through the
specific required nail holes. Also, when
accessories are installed every tile shall be
fastened through each of the provided
fastening holes.
5 Top Fixture Tile

Note: If the eave closures are being applied to a
deck which includes a valley, and if special
factory cut and closed valley tiles have been
manufactured for the job, it is necessary to
see special instructions provided in 7. Valley
Tile, Page 64.

Spanish Tiles are normally laid from right to left
starting with a Right Detached Gable Rake or
Rolled Rake Tile. This first rake tile will need to be
installed allowing a 2 overhang at the eave. The
detached gable rakes are available in left- and righthand versions. The rolled rakes are universal for
both left and right gable rakes. All gable rake tiles
shall be installed with fasteners typical of the field
tile installations, but also require flashing cement
(meeting ASTM D-4586 requirements) applied
between all contact areas of the field tile and gable
rakes. The Detached Gable Rake Tile to the right,
when looking at the eave courses into the field tiles,
are the rights and vise-versa.
Note: When rolled rakes are being installed in the

first course of the tile, whether left or right,
the eave closure next to these rake pieces will
require some slight nipping and clipping for
proper fit and installation.
56
After installing the right rake tile, the starter course

will begin with a full tile placed directly over the
first eave enclosure tile. The second course of the tile
will lay up directly over the previously installed field
tile to the proper exposure and with the normal 3
head lap.
Recommended for the installation of Ludowici

Spanish Tile is a Top Fixture Tile. This tile is
attached to the ridge stringer to fill the void area
left between the field tile and the ridge cover. If top
fixtures are not specified, Portland Cement Mortar
Type M and/or specialty metal closures also may be
used. (Mortars shall meet requirements of ASTM
specification C-270.)
6 Points to Remember During Tile

Installation
Field tile installation will generally progress in a
diagonal fashion, moving from right to left. The
installer applying the lower course will always be
to the left of those applying succeeding courses.
construction.
regular intervals.
When each course is 10-12 tiles from the end of
the course, check the distance to the end with the
width of the tile to determine if a slight crowding
or stretching of the tile may be required to ensure
a proper fit or size of the final piece of tile
installed in that course. DO NOT crowd or
pull to the extreme anymore than 5 or 6 pieces
63
7 Valley Tiles
field or special factory-manufactured cut and closed
tiles can be used. These special cut and closed valley
tiles generally result in less water entering underneath the tile. Whether field miter cut or special
factory cut tiles are used, the tile fasteners should
never penetrate the valley flashings. Tile to be
installed over the copper valley flashing should be
drilled or notched and wired with solid 16 gauge
copper wire to fasteners driven into the deck
beyond the flashing.

Ridge Tile
The ridge for Spanish Tile must be finished with a
Circular Cover Tile or a 206 Ridge tile.
Circular Cover Tile or 206 Ridge Tile
Note: The 206 Ridge Tile is available in a vented

version. See Figure 8.2.
See Chart 8.1 for sequence of installation and the

its equivalent.
If special factory cut and closed valley fittings are

being applied prior to installation, it will be
beneficial to loose lay the entire eave closure course,
including the valley tile. This loose laying process of
the valleys left side will advance as a typical installation would, from right to left. But when loose laying the valleys right side, it will advance from left
to right. The installation of the Spanish Tiles will
slow the process initially. Each tile when spaced on
the deck will require a slightly upward lifting to
allow for the proceeding tile to be laid into the next
channel. Once the spacing is approved, the pace
can return to the standard. The tiles can be fastened
in the typical right to left pattern.
of all full field tile and is finished on both ends
with the special cut and closed valley tiles. Keep in
mind not to allow any more than 5 pieces pulled to
the extreme or crowded together.
Note: At a ventilating ridge, the ridge should be

wrapped in a self-adhesive modified bitumen
membrane or 2 layers of No. 43 base sheet.
64

each Ridge Tile and where they rest on the field
tile. See Figure 8.3. Closed Ridge Ends, Circular
Cover or 206 Ridge, or Terminal Circular Cover or
102/206 Hip and Ridge Tile are used to start and
finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an
exposed fastener which should be sealed with
flashing cement meeting the requirements of
ASTM D-4586. Some roof termination may
require a combination of typical flashing details
or a special tile piece. Consult the local Ludowici
sales representative with the projects special
roof requirements.

wind-driven rain.
Note: The circular covers are 16 Straight Barrel

Mission field tile covers.
Cap Flashing
206 Vented
Ridge Tile
16 Oz. Cooper Sheet
with 3/8 Diameter
Venting Holes
Bug Screen
Vented
Flashing
Spanish
Top Fixture
Wind
Diverter
Seal to Tile with

Recommended
Sealant
Spanish
Field Tile
Wood
Stringer
Roof Deck
3/4
Air Gap
(Both Sides)
Figure 8.1 206 Vented Ridge Tile Detail
9 Hip Tiles
The hip area is typically finished by using a
combination of either a Circular Cover Hip Starter,
Circular Cover and a Circular Cover Terminal or a
152 Hip Starter tile, 102 Hip Roll tile and 102/206
Hip and Ridge Terminal.
Hips are started with a special Circular Cover Hip
Starter Tile or 152 Hip Starter Tile covering the
Field Tile approximately 3 on both sides. The hip
tiles are then installed. The Circular Cover
Tile creates a 3 head lap on the starter while the
102 tile creates an approximate 2 head lap over the
starter tile. The specified head lap per tile is then
continued up the hip. Flashing cement must be
used at the overlap of each hip tile. The gaps
created between the Hip Roll and the Field Tile
should be filled with mortar tinted to match. The
last fastener on the upslope end of the hip typically
is covered with a Circular Cover Terminal or a
102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal. These terminals
must be specified as a starter or finisher depending
on the direction of the ridge layout. Some roof
termination may require a combination of typical
flashing details or a special tile piece. Consult the
local Ludowici sales representative with the projects
special roof requirements.
10 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings
tile than field mitered pieces. Charts 8.2, 8.3, and
8.4 provide overall lengths, standard exposures,
weights, and pieces per box of these standard
accessories.
Custom Tile Fittings
All custom fittings are special ordered to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design
technology and company artisans who craft the tiles
by hand.
65

Tile Type
End Band
Detached Gable Rake

Right and Left
Top Fixture
Eave Closure
Rolled Rake
(Left Shown)
13 1/4 Length
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
18 3/8 Length
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
13 1/4
10 1/4
80
4.2 lbs./ft.
13 1/4
10 1/4
200
1.8 lbs./ft.
8 1/4
225
1.5 lbs./ft.
8 1/4
225
2.0 lbs./ft.
13 1/4
10 1/4
80
4.6 lbs./ft.
18 3/8
15 3/8
80
6.2 lbs./ft.
18 3/8
15 3/8
200
2.7 lbs./ft.
8 1/4
225
1.5 lbs./ft.
8 1/4
225
1.5 lbs./ft.
18 3/8
15 3/8
80
6.8 lbs./ft.
206 Closed
Ridge End*
102/206
Terminal*
(Starter Shown)
(Starter Shown)
14
12
2
18.0 lbs./pc.
2
17.0 lbs./pc.
Chart 8.3: 102 & 206 Hip and Ridge Accessories

Tile Type
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
102 Hip Roll
14 1/4
12
30
5.2 lbs./ft.
152 Hip Starter
14
12
4
6.3 lbs./pc.
206 Ridge
13 3/4
12
12
11.5 lbs./ft.
Chart 8.4: Circular Cover Hip and Cover Accessories

Tile Type
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
Weight
Circular Cover
Hip & Ridge
16
13
40
5.8 lbs./ft.
Circular Cover
Hip Starter
14 1/4
12
4
9.0 lbs./pc.
66
Circular Cover
Closed Ridge End*
Circular Cover
Terminal 2H-1R*
(Starter Shown)
(Starter Shown)
16 1/2
13
4
9.8 lbs./pc.
2
10.0 lbs./pc.

Spanish Tiles and Fittings
102 Hip Roll
Mortar
Required Pressure Treated

Wood Stringer
Mortar
Circular Cover Ridge

Spanish
Top Fixture
Spanish
Field Tile
Spanish
Field Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Waterproof
Underlayment
Waterproof
Underlayment
Waterproof
Underlayment
Figure 8.4 Hip Section Showing 102 Hip Roll Roof Deck
Roof Deck
206 Ridge Tile
Figure 8.3 Deck Section Showing Circular Cover Ridge
Hip Stringer
Cut Hip
From Spanish
Field Tile
Circular Cover
Hip Roll
Spanish
Top Fixture
Mortar
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Flat Roofing
Material
Spanish
Field Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Deck Stringer
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Figure 8.5 Hip Section Showing Circular Cover Hip

16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Cap Flashing
Flange Tile
Sealant
Special Eave Closure

Nailing Strip for End Band
4
Minimum

WinterGuard
8 3/4
Waterproof
Underlayment
Pressure Treated
2 Stringer
Spanish Top
Fixture
Spanish
Field Tile
11 1/4
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Extended
Drip Edge
Roof Deck
Eave Closure
Figure 8.8 Deck Section Showing 206 Cut-Off Ridge

Note: All areas in and around sunken gutter
should be covered with a self-adhesive modified
bitumen membrane.
16 Oz. Sheet
Extended Copper
Drip Edge
Figure 8.7 Section Showing End Band Over Concealed Gutter

For 131/4 Spanish Tile
Note: 206 Ridge and 102 Hip Roll are special tile
fittings. Standard tile fittings are Circular
Cover Ridge and Hip Tile.
67
1 1/2 x 2 Pressure
Treated Wood
Nailing Strip
Left Detached
Gable Rake
Waterproof
Underlayment
Required
Pressure Treated
Cant Strip
Field Tile
Under Eave Tile
Roof Deck
3
4 Minimum
Above Top of Tile for
Sealant
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Spanish
Top Fixture
Spanish
Field Tile
Figure 8.9 Section Showing Left Gable Rake Tile and End Band Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper
Counterflashing
Embedded in
Mortar Joint
Pressure Treated
Nailer
Roof Deck
Figure 8.10 Section Showing Flashing Under Spanish Tiles
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Spanish Field Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Spanish
Top Fixture
Crimp
Sealant
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
5 Min. Coverage
Roof Deck
Figure 8.11 Section Showing Flashing Under Side of Tiles
Spanish
Field Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Pressure Treated
Nailer
68
Figure 8.12 Deck Section Showing Flashing Over Top of Tiles
Nominal 2 Wide
Ridge Stringer
Top Fixture
section
Pan and Cover (Mission)

Tile Installation
Circular Cover
Ridge Tile
Circular Cover Terminal
2 Hip & 1 Ridge
Starter Tile
Circular Cover Hip Roll Tile
Roof Deck
Nominal 2 Wide Hip Stringer
Required
Waterproof
Underlayment
Self-Adhesive Modified
Bitumen Membrane or
2 Layers of No. 43 Coated Base Sheet
Stringer
Sealant
Rake Blocking
Cut Field Tile
for Hip
Rolled Rake
Tile
2 x 4
Vertical
Stringer for Break
Mission Tile
Eave
Closure
IMPORTANT:
that the roofer understand how the Pan and
Cover (Mission) tile pattern being installed relates
to the roof design.

The flashings required for ensuring watertightness:
Eave Flashing
Valley Flashing
Vent Flashing
ice dam membrane
lines
Field Tile
(Cover)
Field Tile
(Pan)
Cover
Hip Starter
Tile
Note: Pan and Cover (Mission) tile utilize rolled

rake tile for both the right and left sides of
the gables. Therefore, rake edge flashing is
not required when these tiles are used.

Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile
1 Nailer Strips (Stringers)
Pan and Cover (Mission) tile require a nominal
2 x 4 wood stringer to serve as a nailer board and
to support the cover tile. The stringer should be a
pressure-treated, foundation-grade wood. If the
stringer is not treated, it should be covered with
either a 36 wide membrane similar to CertainTeed
WinterGuard or two layers of No. 43 coated base
sheet.
69
Note:
If the wood stringers are being applied to a

factory cut and closed valley tiles have been
see special instructions provided in Valley
Tiles, Page 72.

Pan and Cover (Mission) tile requires a hip and
ridge tile to complete the roof and are installed on
nominal 2 wide wood stringers. All stringers should
be pressure treated, foundation-grade wood and
should be covered with a 36 wide, self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane, such as CertainTeed
WinterGuard, or two layers of No. 43 coated base
sheet. For all Mission styles tiles, the contractor is
responsible to measure the roof for stringer height.

Pan and Cover (Mission) tile are normally laid from
right to left starting with a Rolled Rake Tile. This
first rake tile will need to be installed allowing a 2
overhang at the eave. The Rolled Rakes are universal for both left and right gable edges. All gable rake
tiles shall be installed with fasteners typical of the
field tile installation, but also require flashing
cement (meeting ASTM D-4586 requirements)
applied between all contact areas of the field tile
and gable rake tile.
Note:
When Rolled Rake Tile are being installed

in the first course of tile, whether left or
rights, the eave closure next to these rake
pieces will require some slight nipping and
chipping for proper fit and installation.
3 Eave Closure Tile

Required with the installation of all Ludowici Pan
and Cover (Mission) tile is an Eave Closure tile.
The Eave Closure tiles are normally laid right to left
or from gable end to a valley. Eave Closure tiles are
to be laid flush with the eave and adjusted in from
the right to allow for proper lay up of the rolled
rake tile and the first cover tile. Lay the Eave
Closure tile course loose across the slope to the
provided center to center width before nailing to
determine what adjustment, if any, are needed in
the course before nails or screws are installed.
Once layout is established, install the Eave
Closure tile in the normal right to left fashion
(see Figure 9.2).
Note:
If the eave closures are being applied to a

factory cut and closed valley tile have been
see special instructions provided in Valley
Tiles, Page 72.
Rolled Rake Tile
Cover Tile
Required
Pressure
Pressure
Treated Wood Treated Vertical
Blocking
Nailer
Pan Tile
Required Underlayment
2 Layers of No. 30 Felt or
1 Layer of No. 43
Bitumen Membrane
Figure 9.1 Section Through Pan and Cover with Rolled Rake Tile
70
After installing the rake tiles, the starter course may

be laid. There are various ways to continue the
Mission Tile installation. One option is to run several courses of pans across the roof deck still working
from right to left up the deck installing the tile to
the proper 3 head lap. Then return to the starting
point to continue with several courses of covers
(must lay one course less of covers than pans to
keep the lay up flowing). When installing the covers,
care shall be taken not to attach them snug to the
stringer. Leaving space allows for expansion and
contraction of the nailer board. The progression of
the installation shall still continue in a diagonal
fashion (see Valley Tiles, Page 72 for more
information on installing tiles on roofs which
include valleys).
Note: Most Pan and Cover (Mission) field tile are

provided with (1) one fastening hole, but a
few select pan tiles have (2) two holes. When
installing field tile and accessories, care
should be taken to fasten each tile with nails
or screws in every provided fastening hole.
Laid Tight Method

When tiles are applied using the laid tight method,
install field cut or factory cut short course covers at
the eave over regular pans. If field cutting, 3
should be removed from the length of the covers.
The top edge of the covers will abut the pans bottom edge in the succeeding course. This continues
throughout the roof field so that all covers lay tight
to the pan. As the installation approaches the ridge,
the last course of tile will consist of a course of
short pans (by 3) and a course of regular covers
(see Figure 9.2 for lay up details).
Note: The cut portion of eave cover and ridge pan

tile is equivalent to average installed head lap.
Circular Cover
Hip & Ridge Tile
Top Fixture Tile
15 3/8 Straight Barrel

Mission Pan Tile
Mission Cover Tile

Mission Pan Tile
15 3/8 Straight Barrel Mission
Starter Cover Tile
2 x 4
Pressure Treated
Wood Stringer
Roof Deck
2 Overhang
Laid Tight Method Overview
Eave Closure
Tile
Required Underlayment
1 Layer of No. 43
Bitumen Membrane
Figure 9.2 Straight Barrel Mission Laid Tight Method
71
5 Points to Remember During Tile

Installation

fashion, moving from the right to left. The installer
applying the lower course will always be to the left
of those applying succeeding courses.
construction.
regular intervals.
Repeat the inspection each 75-100 tiles.
Top Fixture Tile

Recommended with the installation of all Ludowici
Mission tile is a top fixture. This tile is attached to
the ridge stringer to fill the void area left between
the field and the ridge cover. If top fixtures are not
specified, void areas should be filled with Portland
cement mortar Type M and/or specialty metal
closures also may be used. (Mortars shall meet
requirements of ASTM C-270.)
7 Valley Tiles
field or special factory cut and closed tiles can be
ordered. These special cut and closed valley tiles
generally result in less water entering underneath
the tile. Whether field miter cut or factory cut tiles
are used, the tile fasteners should never penetrate
the valley flashings. Tile to be installed over the
valley flashing should be drilled or notched and
wired with solid 16 gauge copper wire to fasteners
driven into the deck beyond the flashing.

its equivalent.
If special factory cut and closed valley tiles are being

applied, prior to installation, it will be beneficial to
loose lay the vertical stringers, the entire eave closure,
including the valley tile, and a few rows of pans and
covers. This loose laying process of the valley's left
side will advance as a typical installation would,
from right to left. But, when loose laying the valleys
right side, it will advance from left to right. With
the installation of Mission tiles, this should not
create any concerns. Start by loose laying the valley
tile to the already chalked valley line and continue
away from the valley with the first course of tile.
Once the layout is established, install the tiles in the
typical Mission tile manner.
when the roof runs from valley-to-valley. The focus
must be to space the eave course so it consists of a
full tile and is finished on both ends with special
cut valley tiles. Keep in mind not to allow any
more than (5) five pieces pulled to the extreme or
crowded there.
72
Note: The circular covers are 16 Straight Barrel

Mission field tile covers. With any Straight
Barrel Mission installation, the covers can be
used as the hip and ridge tile.
Ridge Tile
The ridge for Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile is
finished with a Circular Cover Tile or a 206
Ridge Tile.
Hip Tile
See Chart 9.1 for sequence of installation and

Closed Ridge Ends, Circular Cover Closed Ridge
End, 206 Ridge, Circular Cover Terminal, or 102/
206 Hip and Ridge Terminal Tile are used to start
and finish the ridge. The ridge finisher will have an
exposed fastener which should be sealed with flashing cement meeting the requirements of ASTM D4586. Some roof termination may require a combination of typical flashing details or a special tile
piece. Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with the projects special roof requirements.

The hip area is typically finished by using a

combination of either a Circular Cover Hip Starter,
Circular Cover and a Circular Cover Hip & Ridge
Terminal, or 152 Hip Starter tile, 102 Hip Roll tile
and 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal.
Hips are started with a Circular Cover Hip Starter
tile or 152 Hip Starter tile covering the field tile
approximately 3 on both sides. The hip tile covers
are then installed. The Circular Cover tile creates an
approximate 3 head lap on the Starter tile, while
the 102 tile creates an approximate 2 head lap over
the starter tile. The last fastener on the upslope end
of the hip typically is covered with a Circular Cover
Terminal or a 102/206 Hip and Ridge Terminal.
These terminals must be specified as a starter or finisher depending on the direction of the ridge layout.
Consult the local Ludowici sales representative with
the projects special roof requirements.

wind-driven rain.
Cap Flashing
206 Vented
Ridge Tile
16 Oz. Sheet Copper
with 3/8 Diameter
Venting Holes
Bug Screen
Vented
Flashing
Spanish
Top Fixture
Wind
Diverter
Seal to Tile with

Recommended
Sealant
Spanish
Field Tile
Wood Stringer
Required Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
3/4
Air Gap
(Both Sides)
Figure 9.4 206 Vented Ridge Tile Detail
73
9 Accessory Pieces
Standard Fittings
Custom Tile Fittings

tile than field mitered pieces. The following charts
provides overall lengths, standard exposures, weights,
and pieces per box of these standard tile fittings.
All custom fittings are special ordered to specifications. Ludowici creates custom fittings from design
tiles by hand.
Chart 9.1: Straight Barrel Mission and Palm Beach Accessories

Tile Type
Top Fixture
Eave Closure
Rolled Rake*
11 1/2
90
2.6 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
11 1/4
40
5.5 lbs.
90
16
13
40
6.1 lbs./ft.
90
18 3/8
15 3/8
40
7.1 lbs./ft.
14 1/4
Actual Size
Exposure
11 1/2
Pieces/Box
90
Weight
2.0 lbs./ft.
16
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
90
Weight
18 3/8 & Palm Beach

Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Box
90
Weight
*Rolled Rake for Palm Beach is 3/4 Rolled Rake.
Chart 9.2: Tapered Mission Accessories

Tile Type
Top Fixture
Eave Closure
Rolled Rake
Actual Size
Exposure
10 1/2 w/SBM pans

9 w/tapered pans
90
2.4 lbs./ft.
10 1/2 w/SBM pans

9 w/tapered pans
90
3.2 lbs./ft.
16
13
Pieces/Box
Weight
74
40
6.1 lbs./ft.
Chart 9.3: Laid Tight Method Accessories

Tile Type
14 1/4
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Pallet
Weight
16
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Pallet
Weight
18 3/8 & Palm Beach
Actual Size
Exposure
Pieces/Pallet
Weight
Finisher Pan Starter Cover
11 1/4
8 1/4
540
5.75 lbs./ft.
11 1/4
8 1/4
540
5.75 lbs./ft.
13
10
540
5.75 lbs./ft.
13
10
540
5.75 lbs./ft.
15 3/8
12 3/8
540
5.75 lbs./ft.
8 1/4
8 1/4
540
5.75 lbs./ft.

Pan and Cover (Straight Barrel Mission)
Tiles and Fittings
Continuous16 Oz.
Sheet Copper Flashing
Required
Pressure Treated
Nailing Strips
Straight Barrel
Misson Cover
Tile
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Straight Barrel
Mission Pan
Tile

1 Layer of No. 43
Bitumen Membrane
Rolled Rake
Tile
Roof Deck
11 1/2 O.C.
2 x 4
Pressure Treated
Wood Stringer
(11 1/2 O.C.)
4 1/4
Figure 9.5 Section Showing Rolled Rake Tile and Flashing At a

Vertical Wall
Straight Barrel
Mission Tile
Nailing Strip for Cover
Roof Deck
Required Waterproof
Underlayment
Tile Length
Minus 6
Note: All areas in and around sunken

gutter should be covered with a
self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane.
Tile Length
Minus
Overhang
Eave Closure Tile
Vertical Fascia
Figure 9.6 Section Showing Cover Over Concealed Gutter. Pan

is Omitted.
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper
Extended
Perimeter
Flashing
75

Roman & Greek Tiles and Fittings
(Roman Shown)
Nominal
Top Fixture Tile
2 Wide
Ridge Stringer
206 Ridge
Tile
102/206 Terminal 2 Hip & 1 Ridge Starter Tile
Roof Deck
102 Hip Roll Tile
Required
Underlayment

Hip Stringer
2 Layers of No. 43
Bitumen Membrane
Sealant
Mortar to Fill Voids
Detached
Left Gable Rake
Tile
Eave Closure
Tile
Nailer
Strip
Roman & Greek

Pan Tile
Roman
Cover Tile
152
Hip Starter Tile
Chart 9.3:
Roman & Greek Hip and Ridge Stringer Heights
Roman
Roof Pitch
4 Rise to 12 Run
5 Rise to 12 Run
6 Rise to 12 Run
7 Rise to 12 Run
8 Rise to 12 Run
9 Rise to 12 Run
10 Rise to 12 Run
11 Rise to 12 Run
12 Rise to 12 Run
13 Rise to 12 Run
14 Rise to 12 Run
76
Greek
102 Hip
206 Ridge
118 Hip Cover
211 Ridge
6 3/8
6 1/4
6 1/4
6 1/4
6 1/8
6 1/8
6 1/8
6 1/8
6
6
6
7 1/4
7
6 3/4
6 1/2
6 1/4
6 1/8
6
5 7/8
5 3/4
5 5/8
5 1/2
7
7
7
6 7/8
6 7/8
6 7/8
6 7/8
6 7/8
6 3/4
6 3/4
6 3/4
6
5 3/4
5 1/2
5 1/4
5 1/8
5
4 7/8
4 3/4
4 5/8
4 1/2
4 3/8

Roman Tiles and Fittings

Greek Tiles and Fittings
211
Ridge Tile
206 Ridge Tile
Sealant
Flat Roof Material

Waterproof
Underlayment
Special Top
Fixture
Sealant
Field Tile
Greek
Cover
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Deck Stringer
Flat Roofing
Material
Pan Tile
Roof Deck
Deck Stringer
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck

211
Cut-Off Ridge Tile
Flat Roof Material
Sealant
Waterproof
Underlayment
206
Cut-Off Ridge
Special Top
Fixture
Sealant
Field Tile
Greek
Cover
Deck Stringer
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Flat Roofing
Material
Roof Deck
Deck Stringer
Pan Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
118 Hip Tile

Sealant
2 Layers of No. 43
Waterproof
Underlayment
Field Tile
Pan Tile
102 Hip Roll

Mortar
Cover Tile
118 Hip Detail

(Interlocking)
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roof Deck
Roof Deck
Waterproof
Underlayment
77
16 Oz. Sheet Copper

Cap Flashing

Flange Tile
Sealant
Roman Cover Tile
Waterproof
Underlayment
Pressure Treated
2 Stringer

Waterproof
Underlayment
Nailing Strip for Cover
Roof Deck
Roof Deck

9
Roman Pan Tile

10 3/4
Note: All areas in and around sunken
gutter should be covered with a
self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane.
Vertical Fascia
Eave Closure Tile

16 Oz. Sheet Copper
Extended
Perimeter
Flashing
Figure 9.13 Section Showing Cover Over Concealed Gutter. Pan

is Omitted.
Continuous16 Oz. Sheet

Copper Flashing
Detatched
Gable
Rake
1 x 2 5/8
Pressure Treated
Stringer
Roman Cover
16 Oz. Sheet
Copper Flashing
Waterproof
Underlayment
Roman or Greek
Pan Tile
1 Layer of No. 43
Bitumen Membrane
Vertical Fascia
Roof Deck
12 O.C.
2 5/8
Figure 9.15 Section Showing Left Gable Rake Tile and At a
Vertical Wall
78
Note: Gable, flashing, flush deck and gutter

treatments for Greek are the same as
detailed for Roman tiles.
TM
Top Course(s) of Skirt Tower Tile
se
io
nN
S
E cCt T
I O
Tower Tile Installation
10
Tower Tile
IMPORTANT:
The installation of tower tile is unique for
each individual tower, as far as dimensions
are concerned. The following instructions
include all aspects of Tower Tile installation
except for actual dimensions. As a service,
Ludowici will provide complete custom
calculations and specifications if plans or
dimensions* are submitted to Ludowici for
review. This Calculation Worksheet will be
provided with your Tower Tile. Call the
Technical Service Department for assistance.
1 Preparing the Tower Deck

Ensure that the roof deck is clean, smooth and
dry before roof tiles are applied.
Verify that there is no significant delamination,
warpage, bowing or separation from the rafters
or trusses.
Note: To make a smooth curve, it may be

necessary to lay two layers of APA 3/8
plywood with a field-applied glue bond
instead of one layer of APA 3/4 plywood.
*The two key dimensions are the length of the rafter

and the diameter (or pitch) of the tower.
2 Installing the Underlayment

Cover the entire deck with a self-adhesive
modified bitumen membrane such as
CertainTeed WinterGuard meeting the
requirements of ASTM D-1970.
79
3 Measuring and Chalking the

Tower Deck
Because snapping lines around a curved surface is
difficult, Ludowici recommends using a marker to
draw the horizontal lines (see Figure 10.1).
Set Horizontal Lines
1. Find the center of the apex and drive a large nail
so that it points straight up. Tie a small loop in
the end of the string and slip it over the nail. The
string must be able to pivot freely.
2. Measure down the rafter to the top of the last
row or course. This information will be listed
in the Calculation Worksheet.
3. Stretch the string taught and wrap it around
the end of the marker such that the point of
the marker is on the first head line.
4. Holding the distance from the apex to the marker
constant, mark a continuous line around the
cone. (Take several measurements from the apex
to this line to verify a constant distance.)
Figure 10.1
Typical Tower, Chalked for Tower Tile
5. Repeat these steps for all of the course lines.

The course lines will also be listed in the
Calculation Worksheet.
Set Vertical Lines
1. If your tower is a partial (does not sweep 360),
find the center point at the eave equidistant
from the wall or intersecting roof decks. If your
tower makes a complete 360 sweep, start
chalking anywhere on the deck.
2. Stretch the chalk line from the nail to the eave
and snap the first line.
3. Measure around the tower deck the specified
distance and snap the next line. Refer to the
supplied Calculation Worksheet for the correct
distance. Continue this process until all lines
are chalked.
80
Note: Exposure lengths may change. Be sure to

follow the Calculation Worksheet provided
by the Ludowici Technical Service
Department for your roof configuration.
This will be provided with your tile or can
be faxed in advance upon request.
4 Applying Wood Stringers

Preparing the Stringers
1. Cut the stringers to the proper length and taper.
The proper dimensions will be provided in the
supplied Calculation Worksheet.
Attaching the Stringers

1. Attach the stringer to the tower deck using
stainless steel screws of sufficient length. Drill
pilot holes so that the stringer does not split.
The stringers must be installed on the center
of the vertical chalk lines. The tile nail hole is
located 1 1/2 below the tile headline. Care must
be taken to avoid locating the stringer fasteners
at tile headline area.
2. The stringer must start 6 up the rafter from
the eave and end 1 above the headline
corresponding to the course just below the
first skirt tile. See Figures 10.2. The flatback tiles
attach directly to the roof deck without stringers.
Figure 10.2
Views of Skirt Tile
81
5 Installing the Tower Tile

1. Install the eave closures centered between the
vertical lines.
2. Installation of Tower Tile is performed using the
laid tight method (see Page 71). Install pan tiles
centered between the stringers. Line up the head
of the tile with the headline marked on the
tower deck.
3. After installing two courses of pan tiles, install
the first course of covers, then alternate installing
pan courses then cover courses.
4. Approaching the top of the tower, install the
skirt tiles. A thin bead of flashing cement must
be applied between all tile to tile contact areas.
5. Finally, install copper finial cap on the tower
peak, or optional finial accessory fitting.
Note: On tower roofs that are very high above

ground level and on towers that have a steep
roof slope, wind locks or nose clips are
recommended on each tile.
82
1 Alpine* Conditions
Heavy snow in high mountain areas can seriously
damage any roofing material unless the proper
roofing design criteria is utilized. When very heavy
ice or snow build-up creeps downward in valleys,
on crickets, and other narrow areas, glaciation
often occurs. The ice or heavy snow locks onto the
exposed edges of roofing materials, dragging them
downward as the ice or snow moves. Falling snow
or ice from a higher roof to a lower roof area can
also cause serious damage.
*Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areas
that experience frequent heavy winter snowfall
intermittent with strong solar radiation common
to high altitude geography.
Note: Before application of Ludowici clay tile in
alpine conditions (typically encountered at
higher altitudes in heavy snow loads areas),
plans must be submitted to the Ludowici
Technical Department (1-800-945-8453)
for approval. Ludowici will not assume any
liability or responsibility for damage caused
by the application of clay tile in alpine
conditions.
Typical recommended preventive measures for
installing a clay tile roof in alpine conditions include:
Closed valley construction
Reduced overhangs
Installation of adequate snow guards over the
entire roof or other methods to prevent glaciation
of ice and snow
Roof design considerations include:
Maximum roof pitches
Avoidance of skylights, dormers and valleys
2 Tropical Conditions
A mortar and adhesive-set tile application is often
acceptable in climates where freeze/thaw cycles are
not of concern. A mortar or adhesive-set fastened
tile specification has been compiled by the Florida
Roofing Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
Contractors Association (FRSA) and the Florida
Chapter of the National Tile Roofing
Manufacturers Association (NTRMA). This specification, along with local building codes, must be referenced if a mortar and adhesive-set tile application
is being considered.
section
Special Applications
11
Note: Mortar or adhesive-set tile can be applied on

pitches of up to 6:12. For pitches above 6:12
up to and including 7:12, every third tile in
every fifth course must be nailed in addition
to mortar or adhesive. For pitches above
7:12, every tile must also be nailed.
Mortar Installation for Flat, Interlocking Flat, and

1. Set tile in a bed of approved mortar. For flat tile,
place mortar adjacent to underlock of previously
installed tile. Mortar must be placed from head
of tile in previous course to head of tile being set.
Do not apply mortar under headlug of tile, or
onto the underlock of adjacent tile (this may
cause tile to tilt).
2. For succeeding courses of field tile the bed of
mortar must make contact with the head of the
lower course of tile and underside of the tile
being set.
For more information on Alpine Conditions,

obtain a copy of The Concrete and Interlocking Tile
Roof Design Criteria Manual for Snow and Ice Regions,
Leland E. Gillan, P.E. & Terry Anderson, published
by NTRMA/WSRCA or from your local Ludowici
sales representative. The cost of a book is $40.00.
83
Mortar Installation for Pan and Cover Tile

and S-Tile
1. Apply 10 masons trowel of mortar vertically
over chalk line and under center of each pan
with narrow end facing down roof.
2. Place bed of mortar along inside edges of pans
and set covers with wide end facing down roof.
3. Point mortar to form straight-edge finish
insuring contact along edges.
4. For succeeding courses of field tile the bed of
mortar must make contact with the head of the
lower course of tile and underside of the tile
being set.
Foam Paddy
(Beneath Tile)
Adhesive-Set Application
The adhesive set application involves applying an
adhesive foam paddy directly to the underlayment
and/or tile. Some mechanical fastening may also be
required depending on roof pitch. Manufacturers
recommendations must be strictly adhered to. One
such manufacturer is Polyfoam, Inc. in Lake City,
Florida. Foam paddy application is approved for
use in South Florida and is being tested in other
regions of the country. The following is a general
guide only. See manufacturers instructions for
complete instructions.
For Interlocking High Profile Tiles:
1. Starting at the eave course, apply a foam paddy
onto the underlayment, ensuring adhesive
contact with the underside of the tile. The size
of the paddy will vary depending on the tile size
and type (see Figure 11.1).
2. Continue up the roof, ensuring adhesive contact
with the underside of the next tile course.
For Pan and Cover Tiles:
1. Support the eave tiles from rocking until the
adhesive has had a chance to cure.
Starter
Figure 11.1 Foam Paddy Placement
2. Turn covers upside down exposing the

underside of the tile. Apply adhesive directly
on the inner edge of each side of the cover
tile. Leave approximately 1/2 to 1 from the
outside edge of the tile, inward, free of foam
to allow for expansion.
3. Turn cover tile over after foam is applied
and place onto pan tile course, ensuring
recommended contact area on each side of
the cover tile to the pan tile. Trim away any
cured exposed foam adhesive.
4. When additional nailing is required, 2 x 4
nailers or wire tie system using stainless steel, or
copper wire and compatible nails may be used.
84
1 Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes

The effect of wind on the roof is determined by
many factors, including building height, eave
overhang, type of tile, roof slope, and securement
method. Local and national building codes must be
consulted to determine the wind loading and
resistance of clay tiles in a given area.Wind uplift is
caused by a drop in air pressure immediately above
the roof surface initiated by the deflection of wind
at roof edges, roof peaks or obstructions. Uplift
may also occur when air pressure is introduced
underneath the tile at roof edges. This can cause
the tile to lift away from the deck.
Wind locks and storm clips are usually required
at eaves and rakes (see Figure 12.1). Proper
attachment of tiles at the perimeter will prevent
the problems caused by wind uplift and are
recommended to reduce wind noise and rattling
at 19:12 and greater (see Chart 2.3, Page 7).
2 Ridge Cement, Underlayment and

Direction
section
Problems Spots and

How to Avoid Them
12
To avoid problems at the ridge, these guidelines

must be followed.
The ridge should be covered with a self-adhering
modified bitumen membrane material or two layers
of No. 43 coated base sheet underlayment.
The tiles should be applied with the laps facing
away from the prevailing winds.
Plastic cement should be a heavy body flashing
cement composed of mineral ingredients to meet
10 GA. (.102)
Copper Wind Lock
Figure 12.1
Storm Clips and Wind Locks
85
3 Broken Tiles
If during the course of installation tiles are
broken, the following method of tile replacement
is recommended.
For Flat, Interlocking, Spanish, and Mission tile styles,
use Ludowici Quik-Tach brackets (or equivalent) to
replace individual tiles.
Attach Quik-Tach bracket to back of replacement
tile with a solid No. 16 copper wire.
Clear area of debris where tile is to be replaced,
including fasteners from the previous tile. These
may be removed by using a slate ripper or, in the
case of stainless steel screws, use a hacksaw blade.
Lift butt of tile in course above. Then slide
replacement underneath and down until bracket
L hooks underneath top of course below.
Adjust replacement tile to align or interlock
(depending on tile type) with tiles to either side.
An alternative for interlocking tiles is to fasten a
12-gauge copper wire into the deck, replacing the
tile and then bending the exposed wire back into
the left interlock, thus hiding the wire. See Figure 12.2.
A copper strip can also be used over the tile butt.
Replaced Tile
1 1/2
Roof Deck
1
#12 Copper Wire
or Copper Strap
Figure 12.2 Replacement Detail
86
1 Hemmed Copper Strap

Minimum 16 Oz. Copper
1. Pan and Cover Tiles are installed in a manner

similar to flat and interlocking tiles.
a. True
b. False
2. Interlocking Profile Tiles may interlock at the:
a. sides
b. head
c. butt
d all of the above
3. Interlocking tiles can be installed on a lower
slope than flat shingle tiles using standard
roofing felt.
a. True
b. False
4. The minimum slope allowed for installation of
any Ludowici clay tiles is:
a. 3:12
b. 4:12
c. 5:12
d. 6:12
5. Tower Tile is designed for a radial application.
a. True
b. False
6. Asphalt-saturated underlayment is acceptable
beneath valley flashing.
a. True
b. False
7. Which of the following is not a standard fitting?
a. end band
b. eave closure
c. ridge hip terminal
d. ornamental hip starter
8. Ludowici clay tiles can be applied to the
following types of roof deck except:
a. 3/4 plywood
b. concrete
c. spaced board sheathing
d. board plank
9. When figuring the weight for structural
requirements, the installer must consider the
weight of underlayment, fasteners, roof
accessories, and trim tile.
a. True
b. False
10. The most common method of fastening
clay tiles is:
a. nailing
b. wire-tieing
c. mortar
d. adhesive set
11. Additional methods of fasteners are not

needed in which of the following:
a. high wind areas
b. seismic areas
c. slopes exceeding 19:12
d. extreme cold areas
S E C T I O N
Self Test
This Self Test is provided as a way to test your

understanding of the information. The answers
can be found on page 92.
13
12. Clay tiles cannot be installed in areas of heavy

seismic activity.
a. True
b. False
13. A built-up roofing membrane or CertainTeed
WinterGuard waterproof underlayment is not
required in which of the following:
a. in regions where ice dams occur
b. on pitches below the standard minimum
c. in areas of high wind
14. For wood panel deck, panels should be spaced
apart approximately:
a. 1/8
b. 1/4
c. 1/2
d. 3/4
15. Where is the best place to stand to see the
effects of color blending of the tile?
a. on the roof at the ridge line
b. on the ground where the entire roof can be seen
c. on the eave of the roof
d. where the sun is behind you
16. Which of the following does not apply to
valley flashing:
a. should be 16 oz. copper or equivalent
b. should be 24 wide
c. should have a turned edge for use with cleats
d. should be soldered every 16
17. Pan and Cover Tile courses generally begin with
a full tile.
a. True
b. False
18. If wood cant strips are nailed directly to the
deck, they must be covered with roofing felt.
a. True
b. False
19. The usual overhang at the eave is:
a. 1
b. 1 1/2
c. 2
d. 2 1/2
87
20. Which of the following two methods are acceptable for

underlayment for a roof deck?
a. one layer of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt
b. two layers of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt
c. one layer of No. 43 coated base sheet
21. When chalking the roof, the horizontal lines are
struck first.
a. True
b. False
22. For Tower Tile, horizontal lines should be drawn with
a marker rather than a snapped chalk line.
a. True
b. False
23. All tiles allow for a substantial shortening of the length
exposure except:
a. French
b. Spanish
c. Greek
d. Roman
e. none of the above
24. Where are flatback tiles used?
a. on any part of the roof where the roof is flat
b. at the bottom of the curved portion of a tower
c. as the starter for a tower tile row
d. at the top of a tower tile
31. If eave closures are not specified for Pan and Cover
Tiles, the downslope edge of the roof can be closed with:
a. mortar
b. custom-made metal closures
c. both of the above
32. Pan Tiles are:
a. attached directly to the deck
b. attached to wood nailers
33. Cover Tiles are:
a. attached directly to the deck
b. attached to wood nailers
34. Pan and Cover and S-Tiles are installed with a
head lap of at least:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d 4
35. Nails must be driven so that the tiles hang on the
fasteners.
a. True
b. False
25. Cant strips can be applied:

a. directly to the underlayment if using treated wood
b. directly to the wood sheathing and covered
with underlayment
c. can be replaced with an under eaves course for
some tile types
d. all of the above
36. Tiles at hips and ridges should be:

a. lapped shingle style
b. lapped so that the lap faces away from the
prevailing winds
c. overlap the field tiles by 3-6
d. all of the above
26. The following can be used to start tiles at

the eave:
a. cant strip
b. eave closure
c. under eave fitting
d. all of the above
37. Plastic cement for gable rakes, hip rolls, ridges,

stringers and other conditions should be:
a. non-running, heavy-bodied flashing cement to meet
requirements of ASTM D 4586
b. mortar which matched tile color
c. whatever is generally available
27. The stringers for tower tile are tapered.

a. True
b. False
38. Generally open valleys are preferred over closed valleys.

a. True
b. False
28. Ludowici only recommends batten systems on:

a. wood decks
b. concrete decks
c. plywood decks
d. all of the above
39. Step flashing is used with:

a. flat shingle tiles
b. pan and cover tiles
c. closed valley tiles
29. Which two tiles have an offset joint pattern?

a. flat (shingle) tiles
b. interlocking tiles
c. S-tiles
d. pan and cover tiles
88
30. For flat shingle tiles, usually no rake tile or rake metal
flashing is required.
a. True
b. False
40. Channel or pan flashing is used with:

a. flat shingle tiles
b. pan and cover tiles
41. Underlayment for valleys should be:
a. a half sheet of No. 43 asphalt-saturated felt
b. a full sheet of waterproof underlayment
c. a full sheet of No. 30 asphalt-saturated felt
d. one layer of No. 15 asphalt-saturated felt
42. With both step and channel flashing, the

underlayment should be turned up:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
53. Which of the following is not true?

a. flat shingle tile is laid out in double thickness
b. flat shingle tile usually has an offset joint pattern
c. flat shingle tile is usually not side lapped
d. flat shingle tile is installed with a cant strip
43. Notching is a time-saving way to prepare under eave

course fittings if tiles are cut from the field tile.
a. True
b. False
54. With flat shingle tile installation, the field tiles and
end bands alternate in successive courses at the gable
rake to stagger the bond lines.
a. True
b. False
44. Snowguards are generally required in areas where snow

and ice may accumulate on the roof.
a. True
b. False
55. A detached gable rake is used to close the rake edge

for Interlocking Tile.
a. True
b. False
45. Recommendations for installing clay tiles in alpine

conditions include all of the following except:
a. closed valley construction
b. reduced overhangs
c. installation of snow guards over entire roof
d. adding additional skylights
56. Which of the following is not true of Interlocking

Tile installation?
a. Interlocking tile is laid out in double thickness
b. Interlocking tile is installed with a
course-to-course overlap
c. the starter course is usually an under eave fitting or
cut field tile
46. A mortar set application of clay tiles is an

acceptable method of tile installation in areas not
affected by freeze/thaw cycles.
a. True
b. False
47. The foam adhesive method is an acceptable method of
installation in some areas.
a. True
b. False
48. Wind uplift at eaves and rakes can be
prevented by:
a. proper attachment of tiles at perimeter with
wind locks and storm clips
b. use of metal closures at perimeter
c. use of mortar at perimeter
49. If possible, hip and ridge tiles should be applied with
the laps facing:
a. away from the prevailing winds
b. toward the prevailing winds
50. Colors within a given shipment of Ludowici clay roof
tile should be uniform in color.
a. True
b. False
51. Quik-Tach Brackets are used to replace
broken tiles.
a. True
b. False
52. The purpose of the eave cant strip is to set the
proper angle for the starter course.
a. True
b. False
57. Which of the following is not true of French

Interlocking Profile Tile installation?
a. Interlocking Profile Tile is laid out in single thickness
b. Interlocking Profile Tile is installed with a
course-to-course overlap
c. the starter course is usually an under eave fitting or
cut field tile
58. A detached gable rake is used to close the rake edge
for Interlocking Profile Tile.
a. True
b. False
59. Spanish (S-Tile) cannot have an adjustable exposure.
a. True
b. False
60. The first course of Spanish Tile is:
a. a full course
b. a half course
61. In Spanish Tile installation, the first tile is installed:
a. next to 1 x 1 end nailer with proper
spacing for installation of end band fixture
b. flush with the end band, with a 1/8 joint
c. after the eave closures have all been put
in place with right detached gable rake or a
rolled rake tile
62. For pan and cover tiles, the deck is prepared by
installing:
a. counter battens
b. vertical nailers
c. horizontal nailers
63. The covers in pan and cover installation must:
a. fit snugly against the vertical nailers
b. be spaced to allow for expansion and
contraction of the wood nailers
89
64. For flat shingle tiles, the minimum overhang required

at the downslope edge is:
a. 1
b. 1 1/2
c. 2
d. 3
65. The minimum overhang required at the rake end is:
a. 1
b. 1 1/2
c. 2
d. 3
66. In some cases, the covers can be used as
coverings for hips and ridges.
a. True
b. False
67 At a ventilating ridge, the ridge should be wrapped
with felt.
a. True
b. False
68. The hip or ridge tiles should cover the field tiles by
approximately:
a. 2 - 4
b. 3 - 6
c. half the length of the tile
69. Closed Valley construction is considered decorative.
a. True
b. False
70. Cut Valley Tiles are usually:
a. nailed
b. screwed
c. wire-tied
d. stapled
71. Which of the following flashings are used around
chimneys?
a. apron flashing
b. step or channel flashing
c. cricket or backer flashing
d. counterflashing
e. all of the above
72. Counterflashing is best accomplished by the mason
during construction.
a. True
b. False
73. Flashing is usually not required at low slope to steep
slope transitions.
a. True
b. False
74. Mortar or adhesive-set tile can be applied without
mechanical fastening on pitches of up to:
a. 5:12
b. 6:12
c. 7:12
d. 8:12
90
75. Glaciation occurs when:

a. ice or snow falls from a higher roof to a lower one
b. ice or snow locks onto the exposed edge of a tile,
dragging it downward
76. When installing Ludowici clay tile in an Alpine
condition area:
a. use an adhesive-set application in addition to
mechanical fasteners
b. plans must be pre-approved in writing by Ludowici
c. plans should be sent to local code officials for
processing
d. take out extra liability insurance
77. Ludowici tiles are extremely hard, yet drilling is quickly
accomplished with a standard drill bit if it is sharp, so
using the notching method is a waste of time.
a. True
b. False
78. What type of underlayment is required for the ridge of
the roof?
a. no underlayment is required
b. one layer of No. 30 asphalt-impregnated roofing felt
c. self-adhesive modified bitumen membrane or
waterproof underlayment
79. How do you determine if a buildings structural
support will be strong enough to support a
1,500-pound per square load?
a. hire six 250-pound roofers and have them stand in one
spot to see if the roof can support them
b. have a structural engineer review the roofing structure
and supply a signed letter of approval
c. all roofs can support 1,500-pound per square load
d. call the owner and ask him if it is OK
80. What is the type of hip and ridge used with French tile?
a. CC Hip and Ridge profile
b. cut the French tile and use sealant to join them together
c. 102 Hip Roll and a 206 Ridge
d. V-Hip and Ridge profile
81. Which of the following must be answered before a
terminal can be ordered?
a. the factory knows the type, so just order a terminal for
Mission tile
b. the pitch of both sides of the roof
c. the pitch of all sides of the roof, whether its a Starter or
a Finisher, and the type of terminal required
d. call the architect to look up the specs
82. Color blending is only required when the tile is
supplied in how many colors?
a. when 3 or more colors are being used on the roof
as a blend
b. all tiles must be blended regardless of the number of
colors supplied
c. when 5 or more colors are being used on the roof
as a blend
d. tiles are supplied from the factory and do not require
blending on the roof
83. Which copper flashing is the minimum weight for the

valley flashing?
a. copper flashing is not required; use aluminum
b. 20-ounce copper flashing
c. 16-ounce copper flashing
d. 12-ounce copper flashing
84. What is the third elongated hole in the Barrel of
Spanish tile used for?
a. there is no third elongated hole in Spanish tile
b. for a third nail
c. to use a 3 long stainless steel screw in high wind areas
d. for the use of a wire tie system
85. On which side of the roof do you start laying tile
(excluding flat shingle tile) when a valley is on the right
hand side of the roof?
a. left or right it does not make any difference
b. tile lays from right to left, so start at the valley
c. measure and lay the tile loose from the left and then
lay the tile from the right
86 The owner is responsible for the blending of tile on
the roof.
a. True
b. False
87. What type or style of tile uses the laid tight method?
a. closed shingle tile
b. Interlocking tile
c. Straight Barrel Mission tile
d. all types of tile can be laid using the laid tight method
88. When is an attached rake used?
a. when the tile is over 12 long
b. when the roof has a pitch exceeding 12:12
c. when the Architect details the use of an attached rake
d. there is no such thing as an attached rake
89. What are the types of hips and ridges used with
Spanish tile?
a. CC Hip and Ridge profile
b. CC Hip and Ridge and the 102 Hip Roll and a
206 Ridge profile
c. 102 Hip Roll and a 206 Ridge
d. V-Hip and Ridge profile and the 211 Ridge profile
90. What is the laid tight method?
a. used with Straight Barrel Mission where the first row of
covers is cut 3 shorter than the regular field tile to start
the course
b. the pans and covers have butts that are offset by 3
c. the top row of pans are cut 3 short
d. all of the above
91. The color blending of one color of tile is accomplished
by which method?
a. pulling tile from both sides of a pallet and then nailing
the tile on the roof
b. selecting tile from 3 or more pallets and mixing the tile
prior to nailing the tile on the roof
c. laying the tile directly from the pallet and then nailing
the tile on the roof
d. none of the above
92. How can roof venting be done at the ridge of a roof

when using Interlocking Tile?
a. there is no way to vent a ridge when using
Interlocking Tile
b. with a large fan in the attic
c. by using a 211 Ridge tile with vent cutouts and by
screening and wind baffling the ridge
93. What type and size of wire is used for fastening tile in
a valley?
a. piano wire
b. copper wire 6 gauge
c. steel bailing wire
c. solid, copper wire 16 gauge
d. use screws in the valley to hold the tile
94. When starting a roofing project, what are the first
items which must be verified on the roof before starting
to chalk lines for interlocking tile?
a. to see if the roof is square and determine the length and
width of the decking
b. check the rafter length and the valley span from the
ridge of the roof
c. measure the tile to see if the eave of the roof will
accommodate the number of tile for coursing
95. When designing a Tower Tile roof, what are the two key
dimensions required?
a. height of the tower and the size of the drip edge
b. the rafter length and the diameter (or pitch) of the tower
c. the height of the tile and the overlap required for the
field tile to the Tower Tile
d. nothing is required the tiles are all the same
96. What is required when using ice dam protection
for the entire roof?
a. No. 43 coated base sheet
b. an adequately vented space under the roof
c. nothing out of the ordinary
d. do not use ice dam protection material on the entire roof
97. When is the use of wind clips recommended?
a. when the pitch is a 3 rise to a 12 run
b. on all tiles where the wind load exceeds 20 pounds
per square foot
c. on tile used on buildings over 2 stories in height
d. when the pitch exceeds a 19 rise to a 12 run
98. The entire crew should make decisions as to which
color tile in a blend goes next.
a. True
b. False
99. Ludowici requires that a self-adhering modified
bitumen membrane or a waterproofing underlayment
be used on the entire deck from 3:12 (absolute
minimum) up to the products recommended
minimum.
a. True
b. False
100. Proper underlayment selection and application is
critical to the success of a tile roof installation.
a. True
b. False
91
Notes
Notes
Answers to Self Test

1: b
21: b
41: b
61: c
81: c
2: d
22: a
42: c
62: b
82: b
3: a
23: e
43: a
63: b
83: c
4: a
24: d
44: a
64: c
84: d
5: a
25: d
45: d
65: a
85: c
6: b
26: d
46: a
66: a
86: b
7: d
27: a
47: a
67: b
87: c
8: c
28: b
48: a
68: b
88: c
9: a
29: a,b
49: a
69: a
89: b
10: a
30: a
50: b
70: c
90: d
11: d
31: c
51: a
71: e
91: b
12: b
32: a
52: a
72: a
92: c
13: c
33: b
53: c
73: b
93: c
14: a
34: c
54: a
74: b
94: a
15: b
35: a
55: a
75: b
95: b
16: d
36: d
56: a
76: b
96: b
17: a
37: a
57: c
77: b
97: d
18: a
38: a
58: a
78: c
98: b
19: c 20: b,c

39: a 40: b
59: a 60: a
79: b 80: c
99: a 100: a
Note: This manual includes the basic installation

instructions from start to finish in an
easy-to-read format. However, the applicator
must always give consideration to regional
climactic conditions and code requirements.
We at Ludowici welcome your ideas, suggestions and

installation tips so that we can continue improving
this publication. The inclusion in this manual of any
submitted tip is at the sole discretion of Ludowici.
We promise to review each submission completely.
For technical questions not answered in this
publication, please contact us.
This manual supercedes any prior installation
instructions published by Ludowici.
Thank you for your interest in Ludowici Roof Tile.
4757 Tile Plant Road, P.O. Box 69

New Lexington, Ohio 43764
phone: (800) 945-TILE (800) 945-8453
fax: (740) 342-5229
http://www.ludowici.com
September 2000 Ludowici Roof Tile, Inc.
Second Edition

Installation Ludowici Roof Tile (2000)

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4757 Tile Plant Road, P.O.

A Quality Brand of CertainTeed Corporation

Composition, Materials, and Special Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 2 : Before Getting Started

S e c t i o n 3 : Preparing the Roof

Inspecting the Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 4 : Installing the Flashing

S e c t i o n 5 : Flat Shingle Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 6 : Interlocking Tile Installation

Hip and Ridge Stringers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n I : Ludowici Roofing Tile

S e c t i o n 7 : French Interlocking Profile Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

French Interlocking Profile Tile Cant Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 8 : Spanish Tile (S-Tile) Installation

End Band Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 9 : Pan and Cover (Mission) Tile Installation

Nailer Strips (Stringers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 1 0 : Tower Tile Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Preparing the Tower Deck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S e c t i o n 1 2 : Problem Spots and How to Avoid Them

Wind Uplift at Eaves and Rakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ludowici Roofing Tile

2 Types of Clay Tile

Interlocking Tile is laid in a single

Interlocking Profile Tile. Like flat

Pan and Cover Tile (also called barrel

One-Piece Spanish Tile (S-Tile) is

Tower Tile. Ludowici produces

Note: Not all fittings are shown.

The following fittings are examples of those usually

Figure 1.9 End Band (Spanish)

Figure 1.12 Top Fixture (Spanish)

Figure 1.7 Eave Closure

Figure 1.8 Under Eave Fitting

Figure 1.10 End Band

Figure 1.11 Right Gable Rake

Figure 1.13 V-Hip and Ridge

Figure 1.14 206 Ridge

Figure 1.16 102 Hip Roll

Figure 1.17 CC Hip Starter

In addition to the standard fittings, Ludowici produces a variety of ornamental

Eave Fittings closed eave, beveled eave

Note: For technical questions not answered in

Before Getting Started

*For standard underlayment installation.

Flat Shingle Tiles

Note: Roofing felt should meet or exceed

Note: When using stainless steel screws, tile

For fibrous cement decks, use a tile-tie system.

Figure 2.2 Wind Clip

Note: In high wind regions, install each tile with

Chart 2.3: Attachment Requirements

Flat Shingle Tiles

Palm Beach &

Header Course: 1 1/2

Type B (14 1/4)

*Type C brackets must be cut or bent for these tile patterns.

**Alpine conditions are defined as climactic areas

6 Assemble All Tools and Supplies

In addition to tools, the following materials

WinterGuard Application Instructions

7 Storage, Handling, and Inspection

9 Color Blending with Different