Naina Arora

Naina Arora
Joelle Bird
Joelle Bird
Judith Schutter
Judith Schutter
Gail Spencer
Gail Spencer

Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy

Technology and uses Technology and uses

Benefits & challenges Benefits & challenges

Current climate for development Current climate for development

Client: Snohomish Pulic !tility "istrict

Client: Snohomish Pulic !tility "istrict

Pro#ect: $nvironmental Assessment

Pro#ect: $nvironmental Assessment

%a&s & 'egulations %a&s & 'egulations

(vervie& of Permits (vervie& of Permits

(ptions ) $*S$C (ptions ) $*S$C

Case Studies & +oving *or&ard

Case Studies & +oving *or&ard

The &ord geothermal comes from the

The &ord geothermal comes from the
Gree, &ords geo -earth. and therme
Gree, &ords geo -earth. and therme
-heat./
-heat./

Generated in the earth0s core1 aout

Generated in the earth0s core1 aout
21333 miles elo& the surface/
21333 miles elo& the surface/

$4hiited in the form of volcanoes1

$4hiited in the form of volcanoes1
geysers1 and hot springs at surface/
geysers1 and hot springs at surface/

*ive main types of geothermal plants

*ive main types of geothermal plants

"ry Steam
"ry Steam

*lash Steam
*lash Steam

Binary Cycle
Binary Cycle

$GS $nhanced Geothermal Systems

$GS $nhanced Geothermal Systems

G5P Geothermal 5eat Pumps

G5P Geothermal 5eat Pumps

C%$AN
C%$AN

6
6
$mission)free7
$mission)free7

8N$9P$NS8:$
8N$9P$NS8:$

Stale electricity prices

Stale electricity prices

C(NS8ST$NT
C(NS8ST$NT

Base load energy ) supplies lo&)cost energy

Base load energy ) supplies lo&)cost energy
at constant rate in order to meet the region;s
at constant rate in order to meet the region;s
continuous energy demand
continuous energy demand

<=> operating availaility ? hydro dams1 coal

<=> operating availaility ? hydro dams1 coal
and natural gas
and natural gas

5igher capacity factor than &ind & solar

5igher capacity factor than &ind & solar

@
@
rd rd
largest domestic source of rene&ale
largest domestic source of rene&ale
energy -after hydro and iomass.
energy -after hydro and iomass.

< &estern states have potential to provide over

< &estern states have potential to provide over
A3> of national electricity needs
A3> of national electricity needs

Currently1 geothermal produces less than B>

Currently1 geothermal produces less than B>
of !S electricity
of !S electricity

*inding & leasing of land

*inding & leasing of land

'emote1 rural areas 'emote1 rural areas

(ften on state or federal lands (ften on state or federal lands

$4ploration and drilling costs

$4ploration and drilling costs

BC@ to D of pro#ect cost BC@ to D of pro#ect cost

Eells costs et&een FB and FG million each Eells costs et&een FB and FG million each

Success rate for discovering geothermal

Success rate for discovering geothermal
resources in ne& areas is aout A3>
resources in ne& areas is aout A3>

Need to upgrade transmission system

Need to upgrade transmission system

Productivity may decline over time

Productivity may decline over time

< Eestern States

< Eestern States

Alas,a1 AriHona1 California1 5a&aii1 8daho1 Nevada1 Alas,a1 AriHona1 California1 5a&aii1 8daho1 Nevada1
Ne& +e4ico1 (regon1 and !tah Ne& +e4ico1 (regon1 and !tah

$ach have potential for at least B33 +E of po&er $ach have potential for at least B33 +E of po&er
generation per state -Circular I<3. generation per state -Circular I<3.

Eashington
Eashington

Cascade +ountain 'ange Cascade +ountain 'ange

(lympic Peninsula (lympic Peninsula

Columia Basin Columia Basin

*ocus on Glacier Pea, -Snohomish County. *ocus on Glacier Pea, -Snohomish County.

:olcanic
:olcanic

5ot springsCgeysers
5ot springsCgeysers

+arine climate
+arine climate

*ractureCfault Hones
*ractureCfault Hones

*lat terrain
*lat terrain

AJuiferous
AJuiferous

<33; C A days C over FB33K

Cost increase &ith depth

Survey and Permits

Access roads

Gas measurement eJuipment

%a analysis

Bits and reamers

%ogging

Cement

%argest P!" in Eashington State

%argest P!" in Eashington State

Serves @BL1333 customers

Serves @BL1333 customers

L3> of energy from BPA -hydropo&er.

L3> of energy from BPA -hydropo&er.

8nterest in e4panding rene&ale energy

8nterest in e4panding rene&ale energy

Tidal and geothermal e4ploration

Tidal and geothermal e4ploration

Preliminary studies on geothermal

Preliminary studies on geothermal

+eet 8)<@I Goals: BG> of electricity from

+eet 8)<@I Goals: BG> of electricity from
rene&ale sources y A3A3
rene&ale sources y A3A3

$lectricity needs for gro&ing population

$lectricity needs for gro&ing population

$4ploratory "rilling: Summer of A33<

$4ploratory "rilling: Summer of A33<

Binary Cycle Plant1 if successful

Binary Cycle Plant1 if successful

$4plore $GS technology

$4plore $GS technology

<3 +E of Geothermal in Snohomish

<3 +E of Geothermal in Snohomish

Guidance on ho& to tac,le regulations

Guidance on ho& to tac,le regulations
and permits
and permits

Not clear aout developing geothermal

Not clear aout developing geothermal
close to rivers1 and in &ilderness and
close to rivers1 and in &ilderness and
rural areas
rural areas

Better understanding of federal1 state1

Better understanding of federal1 state1
and private leasingCdevelopment
and private leasingCdevelopment

Permit 5andoo,
Permit 5andoo,

Addresses &ater1 air1 land and construction

Addresses &ater1 air1 land and construction
issues1 S$PA 'evie&1 and $*S$C
issues1 S$PA 'evie&1 and $*S$C

Timeline of &hen to apply

Timeline of &hen to apply

'elevant case studies

'elevant case studies

Eater use

Air emissions

%and use compatiility and disturance

Easte&ater and haHardous &aste

Noise and visual impacts

CulturalChistoric resources impacts

Clean Air Act

N$PA M federal lands or pro#ects that receive federal funds

S$PA M state or private land

Clean Eater Act

NP"$S

!nderground 8n#ection Control 'egulations

'C'A

To4ic Sustance Control Act

Noise Control Act

$SA

Archaeological 'esources Protection Act

5aHardous Easte and +aterials 'egulations

@< Permits grouped into = categories

@< Permits grouped into = categories

@)@3 days prior to construction -B3.

@)@3 days prior to construction -B3.

2G)=3 days prior to construction -I.

2G)=3 days prior to construction -I.

=3)<3 days prior to construction -L.

=3)<3 days prior to construction -L.

<3)BL3 days prior to construction -L.

<3)BL3 days prior to construction -L.

B year prior to construction -2.

B year prior to construction -2.

Post construction -A.

Post construction -A.

%and

City or county

"epartment of $cology

"epartment of Archaeology and 5istoric Preservation

"rilling

"epartment of Natural 'esources

Eater

"epartment of $cology

Air

"epartment of $cology

Puget Sound Clean Air Agency

Issues:
Issues:

*ish and Eildlife *ish and Eildlife

"ivertingC(structing *lo& and Bed 'econfiguration "ivertingC(structing *lo& and Bed 'econfiguration

SiHe and location of drain fields SiHe and location of drain fields

Types of Permits:
Types of Permits:

JA'PA JA'PA

Eater 'ights Eater 'ights

23B1 232 23B1 232

NP"$S NP"$S

Issues:
Issues:

*ederal vs/ PrivateCState %ands *ederal vs/ PrivateCState %ands

Construction Construction

*loodplains1 shorelines1 and critical areas *loodplains1 shorelines1 and critical areas

Noning Noning

Types of Permits:
Types of Permits:

Building and Grading permits Building and Grading permits

*loodplain "evelopment1 Shorelines1 Critical Areas *loodplain "evelopment1 Shorelines1 Critical Areas
(rdinances (rdinances

Archaeological $4cavation1 *orest Practices Archaeological $4cavation1 *orest Practices

8ssues

$missions

None -inary plants. or little -flash plants.

$mit &ater vapor -loo,s li,e smo,e.

5ydrogen sulfide

(ccurs naturally1 turns into sulfur dio4ide

Types of Permits

Ne& Source 'evie& Construction Permits

Prevention of Significant "eterioration

Notice of Construction

Title : Air (perating Permits

$nvironmental chec,list

Blan,et performance ond

+ap of drill site layout

%ocation and source of &ater supply

Topography description

"N' site inspection

Ne& drilling1 re)drilling or deepening

$nvironmental chec,list

"rilling permit

FA31333

+inimal noise

Noise Permit ) not reJuired

+uffling eJuipment

Noise shields

8nsulated uildings

Noise asorptive interior &alls

"efine the proposal

8nitiation ) $nvironmental chec,list

$nvironmental revie&

$nvironmental impacts

Necessary permits

%ead agency determination

$nergy *acility Site $valuation Council

6(ne)stop7 siting process

'ene&ale energy facilities may opt)in

Preempts local land use ordinances

Ale to avoid N8+BO

Site Certification Agreement

8ncludes permits under *ederal Eater Pollution

Control Act and *ederal Clean Air Act

+ore predictale outcome

Appeals go straight to State Supreme Court

Geothermal resources

CA M +ineral

Eyoming and !tah M Eater

Eashington M sui generis

(&nership of geothermal rights

Eashington M surface o&ner

California M mineral o&ner

*irst geothermal
*irst geothermal
plant in !/S/ -B<=3.
plant in !/S/ -B<=3.

AB po&er plants
AB po&er plants

B333 +E electricity
B333 +E electricity

'evenue: FBB million

'evenue: FBB million
to %a,e and Sonoma
to %a,e and Sonoma
Counties in A33@
Counties in A33@

Jos: 2AG full)time

Jos: 2AG full)time
and AAG contractors
and AAG contractors
Another enefit:
Easte&ater discharge from the To&n of Eindsor

B
B
st st
geothermal
geothermal
energy facility in AK
energy facility in AK

+oderate
+oderate
temperature
temperature

Binary)cycle plant
Binary)cycle plant

Cost)effective
Cost)effective

'emote location
'emote location

Coe4ists &ith other

Coe4ists &ith other
land uses M tourismP
land uses M tourismP
QTours availale
of po&er plant
QAurora 8ce
+useum is
cooled y an
asorption chillerP

%ong history %ong history

B<I2 ) B B<I2 ) B
st st
application for application for
geothermal lease geothermal lease

(ver @3 years R close to FG3 (ver @3 years R close to FG3

million &ent into e4ploration million &ent into e4ploration

%arge potential %arge potential

*lash technology *lash technology

Could produce I23 +E for Could produce I23 +E for

@3 years @3 years

Controversial Controversial

(ne of @ National (ne of @ National

+onuments in (' +onuments in ('

N8+BO M campers1 hi,ers1 N8+BO M campers1 hi,ers1

fisherman fisherman

Sierra Clu & (regon Natural

"esert Association

State rene&ale
standards

*ederal ta4 credit

and stimulus

$nhanced Geothermal Systems -$GS.

US climate change legislation hits the fast track
Reports claim climate change bill could clear next hurdle by end of the month
Andre& "onoghue1 BusinessGreen1 3G Jun A33<

!nder the legislation1 also ,no&n as the Ea4man)+ar,ey ill1 the !S &ill
introduce a caron cap)and)trade scheme designed to cut caron emissions
BI per cent y A3A3 and L3 per cent y A3G3 compared &ith A33G levels/
!tility companies &ill also e reJuired to generate A3 per cent of their energy
demands from rene&ale sources y A3A3 and as a raft of ne& incentives for
lo&)caron technologies &ill e introduced/

The $nergy and Commerce Committee said that the ill had een roadly
supported y a coalition of organiHations that included electric utilities1 oil
companies1 car ma,ers and more ovious supporters such as environmental
groups/ SBecause of its alanced approach1 AC$S -American $nergy and
Security Act. has received road support from industry and
environmentalists1S