Blood Pressure

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Printed: June 18, 2014
www.ck12.org Chapter 1. Blood Pressure
CHAPTER
1
Blood Pressure
Dene blood pressure and describe the effects of high blood pressure.
Why check your blood pressure?
Its a good idea to have a blood pressure test as part of a routine physical, especially in adulthood. High blood
pressure is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Its important to know if you have high blood pressure, so it can
be treated. A combination of medications and lifestyle changes can be successful in lowering your blood pressure.
Blood Pressure
The health of your whole body depends on the good health of your cardiovascular system. One measure of the health
of your cardiovascular system is blood pressure. Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the
walls of blood vessels. Since blood pressure is primarily caused by the beating of your heart, the walls of the arteries
move in a rhythmic fashion.
Blood in arteries is under the greatest amount of pressure. The pressure of the circulating blood slowly decreases as
blood moves from the arteries and into the smaller blood vessels. Blood in veins is not under much pressure.
The systolic pressure is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart beats. This is the time when there is the
highest pressure in the arteries. The diastolic pressure is when your blood pressure is lowest, when the heart is
resting between beats.
Healthy Blood Pressure Ranges
Healthy ranges for blood pressure are:
Systolic: less than 120
Diastolic: less than 80
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Blood pressure is usually written as systolic/diastolic. For example, a reading of 120/80 is said as "one twenty over
eighty." These measures of blood pressure can change with each heartbeat and over the course of the day. Pressure
varies with exercise, emotions, sleep, stress, nutrition, drugs, or disease.
Studies have shown that people whose systolic pressure is around 115, rather than 120, have fewer health problems.
Clinical trials have shown that people who have blood pressures at the low end of these ranges have much better
long term cardiovascular health. Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer ( Figure 1.1).
FIGURE 1.1
A digital sphygmomanometer is made of
an inatable cuff and a pressure meter
to measure blood pressure. This reading
shows a blood pressure of 126/70.
Hypertension, which is also called "high blood pressure," occurs when a persons blood pressure is always high.
Hypertension is said to be present when a persons systolic blood pressure is always 140 or higher, and/or if the
persons diastolic blood pressure is always 90 or higher. Having hypertension increases a persons chance for
developing heart disease, having a stroke, or suffering from other serious cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension
often does not have any symptoms, so a person may not know that he or she has high blood pressure. For this
reason, hypertension is often called the silent killer. Treatments for hypertension include diet changes, exercise, and
medication.
Vocabulary
blood pressure: Pressure that circulating blood puts on the walls of blood vessels.
diastolic: Blood pressure when the heart is resting between beats.
hypertension: High blood pressure.
systolic : Blood pressure when the heart constricts.
Summary
Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Practice
Use the resource below to answer the questions that follow.
Blood Pressure at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luppKLO74vg (1:42)
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
1. What causes your pulse?
2. What is systolic pressure? How is it measured?
3. What is diastolic pressure? How is it measured?
Review
1. What is the healthy range for blood pressure?
2. Why do you think hypertension is sometimes called a silent killer?
References
1. Julo (Wikimedia). . Public Domain
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