Bath Spa University

PS4001-40
Introduction to Psychology
WORKBOOK

What is the workbook for?
This workbook is designed to help you to demonstrate that you have met the learning
outcomes of this module in respect of some of the following key skills:
Key Skill Tasks
Communication
Take part in discussions
ive a short talk
!ead information
Produce written material
pplication of !umber
"nterpret information
#arry out calculations
"nterpret results and present findings
"nformation Technolo#y
Search for information
$%plore and develop information
Present information
"mprovin# own learnin#
an$ performance
Set targets and plan action
&ollow plan to meet your targets
!eview progress
Workin# with others
Plan activities with others
'ork towards targets
$%change information on progress
%roblem Solvin#
"dentify a problem and suggest solutions
Try out a solution
"dentify methods
To this end( a variety of worksheets need to be completed) "t is necessary for you
complete every worksheet in this workbook( as the pass mark for this mode of
assessment in *0+( so there is very little room for error) Some of the activities her
relate to activities that you have already undertaken in seminars( but if you missed
those seminars( you will still need to complete the e%ercise by either sharing a piece
of work created by your seminar group( or producing a new piece of work yourself)
,uring the seminar programme and associated tasks( we are focussing on these key
skills some of which are reflected in the e%ercises in the worksheets:
!eading skills: -nderstanding .ournal articles
Presentation skills: -sing PowerPoint and reflecting on performance
Thinking skills: #ritical evaluation
'riting skills: $ssays
!easoning and problem-solving skills
/ikewise( in the lecture programme( in addition to looking key topics in psychology(
we have been considering careers in psychology and some of the 0uestions will
e%amine your understanding of how psychology is practiced)
&ow to approach this assi#nment
This workbook is split into 10 worksheets) $ach worksheet will marked out of 10
giving a total of 100 marks for the workbook) 1ou should attempt every 0uestion to
give yourself the best chance of passing)
Worksheet !umber '( "nformation #atherin#
The web is central to your information gathering activities and so using it properly(
and reporting what you find there accurately is important) Search engines such as
oogle( yahoo( 2lta3ista and others are widely used( and some have specialist
facilities for searching for academic material)
Use the Web to answer the followin# )uestions* Please write your answers in the
grid at the end of the workbook) $ach answer is worth one mark:
'*'* 'hat does the acronym -!/ stand for4
-niform !esource /ocator
'*+* 'hat is the -!/ for the School of Science Society and management at 5ath
Spa4
https(,,www*bathspa*ac*uk,schools,society-enterprise-an$-environment
'*.* -sing oogle scholar( identify one paper concerned with 6brain plasticity7)
8ohansson( 5) 9:000; 6Brain Plasticity And Stroke Rehabilitation. Stroke <=nline>
2merican ?eart 2nd Stroke 2ssociation) 2vailable from:
http:@@stroke)aha.ournals)org@content@A1@1@::A)short <2ccessed - 1B)1:):01:>
'*/* o to the 5PS website) &ind out how much ST-,$CT fees for membership are(
paying by direct debit( if you are a student without a ta%able income)
'*0* -sing the web( find out what eorg 3on 5DkDsy won the Cobel priEe for in 1FB1)
Physiology@Gedicine for research into the cochlea)
'*1) 'hat were 5)&) Skinner7s #hristian names4
5urrhus &rederic
'*2* ?ow much would a clinical psychologist earn if they were employed at the
bottom of the band Ha pay scale in :01:4
'*3) 'hich -niversity has Professor Simon 5aron-#ohen on its staff4
'*4* 'hat is the correct diagnostic name for the disorder commonly referred to as
6multiple personality disorder74
'*'5* 'hich historical figure( born in 1HBA is known as 6the father of applied
psychology74
Worksheet number +( %resentation of information
This worksheet involves : activities( the first demonstrating your technical skills in
using PowerPoint and converting files to different formats( the second involves your
skills in reflecting on the slides that you created( and your ability to plan your
progress in the area by evaluating your performance and suggesting improvements)
+*') PowerPoint is a powerful presentation tool available on all of the machines in the
open access classrooms) 1ou used your research and group-working skills in
seminar 4 to research one of the following historical figures: !ogers( Seligman( 8ung(
Pavlov( 'atson( Skinner( Iohler and make a A slides PowerPoint presentation) &or
this worksheet( " would like you to present the A slides on the answer sheet) 1ou
might like to use oogle to find out how to save your slide as a 8P$) Search terms
you may use could include 6#onvert PowerPoint slide .peg7) %aste 6electronically7
the ima#e to your response sheet for worksheet +8 )uestion +*') So long as the
A slides are present( you will receive the marksJ 2lternatively( if you have forgotten to
keep a copy( you may substitute these slides with A taken from your assessed
presentation) 9A marks;)
+*+) Ce%t( " would like you to comment critically on the slides) &or e%ample( do they
convey the information clearly4 'as the font siEe appropriate4 'as there enough@too
much information presented4 1ou may wish to think back to the comments that your
classmates made when you presented the slides to them during this seminar( or
simply base your reflection on other PowerPoint presentations you may have seen
during this module) Gost of the marks are awarded for this part of the worksheet( as
your ability to evaluate your performance K and to learn from it- is the ma.or focus of
this e%ercise) Type your answer into the answer #ri$) 9* marks;
Worksheet number .( !avi#atin# your way aroun$ library services
-sing the library is an essential component of being an undergraduate( and the
earlier you learn to navigate your way around the libraries that you have access to(
the easier you fill find in to plan your learning and research your assignments) &or the
purposes of this worksheet( " would like to visit Cewton Park library to try to physically
locate the books 9or the space where said books reside; referred to here in the
answers to 0uestion A)1- A)4) Ce%t( " would like you to log onto the library website)
1ou will note that students at 5ath Spa have access to both 5ath -niversity library
and -'$ library under a reciprocal agreement we have) 'ith them There is also
limited availability to order books and .ournal articles from the 5ritish /ibrary( with its
vast array of resources) -se the online databases and online information on the
library website to answer 0uestions A)L-A)*)
Type your answers into the answer #ri$*
.*'* ive the 5ath Spa library shelf-mark and authors of the following book: Mad,
bad and sad: a history of woen and the ind doctors fro !"## to the $resent% &'
arks(
.*+* 'ho wrote the Reinter$reting the legacy of )illia *aes% &! ark(
.*.* 'hich book did !obert 8 Sternberg write in :00B4 ive title and shelf mark) 9:
marks;
.*/* ?ow many copies of /ance 'orkman7s book +,-olutionary Psychology% are held
in the library) "nclude any copies which may currently be out on loan) 91 mark;
.*0* ive the -!/ of The -niversity of 'est of $ngland7s main library page) 91 mark;
.*1* 2t the -niversity of 5ath( find one book by "an 'alker) ive the name of the
book and its publisher) 9: marks;
.*2* 'hat is the name of the service by which the library emails inter library loan
electronic copies of .ournal articles to your email address4 91 mark;
Worksheet !umber /( 9raphical representation of :ata
2n essential skill for any psychologist is the graphical representation of data) ,ata
collection is central to the advancement of any science( and in psychology data
comes in many forms) 1ou will( no doubt( be aware that there is an entire module
dedicated to e%perimental design( which includes data collection( statistics and
graphical representation) $ven if you are not taking the design module( you must
have some e%perience of graphics and you must show an ability to read information
from graphs)
-sing a computer #enerate$ barchart( graphically represent the following fictional
data( which represents scores achieved on mathematics and $nglish tests by school
children) Tip - there should only be 4 bars on the chart)
/*') raphically represent this data:
;!9<"S& =T&S =<;,>;=<;
44 L* Gale
4B :A &emale
4H FB Gale
HH AA &emale
F* LL &emale
BH HH &emale
4L 4L Gale
BB F0 Gale
H* 14 Gale
AL LL Gale
1B A1 &emale
*F LA &emale
44 B0 Gale
F0 :1 &emale
$nsure that there are only 4 bars on the chart) -se shading and@or colour to highlight
the difference between Gale and &emale achievement( and ensure that your graph is
labelled appropriately 9Title( 2%es( /egend; 910 marks possible K : marks will be
deducted for each omission from this list of instructions;
%aste your chart into the answer #ri$ at /*'
Worksheet number 0( Basic :escriptive Statistics
Psychologists use numbers to describe data) 'hen we collect data in the lab( or in
the field( we call it untreated or raw data) /ooking at raw data is( more often than not(
completely meaningless) To help make our .ob easier we employ simple descriptive
statistics to allow us to describe and talk about our data) -se your library skills to find
a book of your choice to help you here) 1ou need to start by working out what the
terms mean( median and mode refer to( then work through the following three data
sets( before writing your own data set for 0uestion L)10) #heck your answers
carefullyJ
Type your answers on the answer #ri$*
#alculate the G$2C( G$,"2C and G=,$ of the following sets of data)
Set one( :ata values /838+8+
0*'* 'hat is the mean4 91 mark;
0*+) 'hat is the median value4 91 mark;
0*.* 'hat is the modal value4 91 mark;
Set two( :ata values '8/81838+8'80818+8'8'848'5
0*/* 'hat is the mean4 91 mark;
0*0* 'hat is the median value4 91 mark;
0*1) 'hat is the modal value4 91 mark;
Set three( :ata values .8/82848'8+8.8'58483828.
0*2* 'hat is the mean4 91 mark;
0*3* 'hat is the median value4 91 mark;
0*4* 'hat is the modal value4 91 mark;
0*'5* 'rite a set of data 9minimum L data values; which has the same mean median
and modal value) 91 mark;
Worksheet !umber 1( Referencin# an$ pla#iarism
"ndicating clearly and correctly where information comes from and to whom it may be
attributed is an e%tremely important component of being an academic) "f you do not
indicate your sources you are opening yourself to a criticism of pla#iarism) This is
the most serious academic crime you can commit) %la#iarism is stealing work and
passing it off as your own) #opying large chunks of work from the internet( or from
books( and not attributing it correctly is against the rules and you may be sub.ect to
strict academic penalties because of it) Some of you may think this is not terribly
serious( but please let me dissuade you from attempting this) 1ou ight get away
with it( but you are likely to get caught) The psychology department take this sort of
theft e%tremely seriously) "t may help to think of the published material as a product
of some kind) 2cademics teach and research their chosen sub.ect) 'hen they
produce new( original work in the form of papers or .ournal articles they are
generating something( .ust as an artist may generate a painting( or an engineer or
mechanic may produce a car) Stealing their work and passing it off as your own is
like stealing anything else) 5elow are some e%amples of how to reference typical
materials you might use in a psychology essay K this is the format that you are
e%pected to use( and it is important that you learn to reference such items correctly)
%lease type your answers carefully into the answer #ri$*
?ournal references
@imbar$o8 %*9* 6'42.7 On the ethics of intervention in human psycholo#ical
research( With special reference to the Stanfor$ %rison ;Aperiment* Cognition8
2, +/.-+01*
'hat is this reference conveying4 That this is a paper( by P)) Mimbardo( called N=n
the ethics of intervention in human psychological research: 'ith special reference to
the Stanford Prison $%periment)O "t was published in the .ournal 6#ognition7( in the
1F*A edition( volume number :( on pages :4A to :LB) Please note which part is
italicised)
Book references
Williams8 T*=* 6;$*7 6'4317 The impact of television: A national experiment in
three communities. !ew Bork( ca$emic %ress*
This is a book edited by T)G) 'illiams) This means that many people contributed to
the book put together by 'illiams) The book is called NThe impact of television: 2
national e%periment in three communities) "t was published by the 2cademic Press(
Cew 1ork in 1FHB) Please note which part is italicised)
1ou may need to refer to a particular chapter or article in an edited book( as in the
e%ample below:
@imbar$o8 %*9* 6'4147* The human choice( "n$ivi$ualtion8 reason8 an$ or$er
versus $ein$ivi$uation8 impulse8 an$ chaos* "n W*?* rnol$ C :* <evine 6;$s*7
Nebrasksa Smposium on !otivation, "#* <incoln8 !;( University of !ebraska
%ress*
This is a paper by Mimbardo( in a collection edited by 2rnold and /evine) Cote the
order of initials and surname in the 6book7 part of the reference)
Cot all of the books in the 0uestions below are in the library) -se the electronic
resources to which you have access to write the correct reference( using the
e%amples above to format them correctly) 1ou will be awarded : mark for each
answer( but will lose a mark for omissions or incorrect formatting of the reference)
Potentially( : small errors can result in no marks being awarded for your answer( so
please be carefulJ
1*'* ive the full reference for 6The Prisoner of 2Ekaban7) 8ust because it7s not in the
library doesn7t mean you can7t find a reference for it K you may well be using
materials you find elsewhere in your essaysJ 9: marks;
1*+* "n 1F*B( the 2cademic Press in /ondon published a book by S) Goscovici called
NSocial "nfluence and Social #hange)O "f you were to use this te%t in an essay( how
would the reference appear in your reference list4 9: marks;
1*.* 2n article written by 3) !iley appeared in the :1:
th
volume of the .ournal Science
in 1FH1 on pages 1100 through to 110F) #omplete an appropriate reference here) 9:
marks;
1*/*8udy ahagan wrote a chapter called N-nderstanding other peopleP
understanding selfO for a collection edited by 8ohn !adford and $rnest ovier which
was called N2 te%tbook of psychologyO The book was originally published in 1FH0 by
Sheldon Press in /ondon) enerate a correctly formatted reference for this chapter)
9: marks;
1*0* D!esearch in cognitive science is concerned with many of the traditional topics in
e%perimental psychology( including perception( thinking( reasoning( learning(
memory( and languageO)
&ind the website from which this phrase was stolen) "nsert 1 -!/ for the phrase in
the appropriate place on the answer grid) 91 mark;
1*1* D" have been scandalously indolent in not sooner answering your kind en0uiries
about me and mine) The country at first acted like magic on me( but the charm has
latterly lost some of its virtue) " am( however( a good deal stronger than when in
/ondon( but " do not feel that " shall have any mental energy for a long time and the
,octors tell me( it will be some years( before my constitution will recover itself) 1ou
and " can tell people in health( they have little idea what an unspeakable advantage
they possess over us poor weak wretches) " .udge from your note that ?itcham acted
on your health( somewhat like this place did on mine( that is as a temporary relief)O
&ind the websites from which this phrase was stolen) "nsert 1 -!/ for the phrase in
the appropriate place on the answer grid) 91 mark;
Worksheet number 2( ca$emic writin# an$ essay writin#
2*'* 'rite a short evaluative review of the following article that we looked at in the
seminar in week AQ( demonstrating your skills in criti0uing published research in a
concise fashion) 'rite your answer in :L0-L00 words) 9L marks;
!obinson( T) 9:001; $ffects of !educing #hildren7s Television and 3ideo ame -se
on 2ggressive 5ehavior: 2 !andomiEed #ontrolled Trial( Archi-es of Pediatric
Adolescent Medicine( 1LL: 1*-:A)
2 copy of this article can be found on the Ginerva site for this module under
6documents7)
E "f your seminar tutor gave you a different article to read in seminar A( you may use
that article instead of the !obinson paper)
2*+* ,epending on which essay you are planning to submit( write a short account
9:L0-L00 words; detailing how you will research your answer( : resources you have
identified as possible references( and a preliminary draft of your ideas@essay plan in
note form) 9L marks;
Type your answers $irectly into the answer #ri$*
Worksheet number 3( Reviewin# your presentation skills
'hilst writing is an important skill for reaching wider audiences( using books and
.ournals to disseminate knowledge( oral presentation of ideas is an e0ually important
skill to ac0uire) =ften( the oral presentations of ideas reach more targeted audiences
more 0uickly( as evidence by the plethora of academic conferences and workshops
psychologists fre0uent) ,uring your time as student here( you will be asked to do a
variety of presentations to various audiences( and( of course( this is a key skill for
employability( so it is good to develop the skills involved as soon as possible) The
following 0uestions re0uire to you review your performance in the assessed group
presentation you undertook during the first term( and to think about how your
presentation and planning skills might be improved in future assignments)
Type your answers $irectly into the answer #ri$*
3*'* "nsert the reference for the .ournal article you presented( correctly formatted 91
mark;
3*+* 'hat were the most challenging aspects of reading and evaluating the content of
the article when planning the presentation4 9: marks;
3*.* 'hat was the most difficult aspect of the actual delivery of the assessed
presentation4 91 mark;
3*/* 'hat do you think went particularly well4 91 mark;
3*0* !eflecting back on the e%perience and any feedback that you may have had(
how do you think your presentational skills( organisational skills and@or groupworking
skills could be improved to increase your marks4 9L marks;
Worksheet number 4( Reasonin# skills an$ problem solvin#*
Psychology graduates are valued for their proven reasoning and problem-solving
skills) ,uring the lectures on developmental psychology( and in your seminar on
adolescence( you were introduced to the idea that as we mature cognitively( we
come to think and reason in superior ways to children K in Piagetian terms( we move
from the strictures of 7concrete7 operational thinking to develop the ability to reason
abstractly( or use 6formal7 operational7 thinking)
2nswers the following 0uestions in ways which demonstrate a formal operational
approach to problem solving:
4*') 1our task is to mi% chemicals until a yellow colour is obtained) 1ou are given 4
bottles of odourless( colourless li0uid that appear to be identical e%cept for being
labelled 1( : A and 4) 2 L
th
bottle( labelled 6R7 is the Nactivating solutionO needed to
produce the chemical reaction that gives the colour yellow) The amount of each
chemical is not important( nor is the order in which the li0uids are combined)
,escribe in detail how you would approach this problem by writing down any tests
you would perform) 9A marks;
4*+) 1our problem is to determine which of several factors affects the fle%ibility of
rods) 2ssume that you are given a long vertical bar with 1: rods hanging from it)
$ach rod is made of brass( copper or steel and they come in : lengths and :
thicknesses) 1our task is to determine which of the variables 9materials( length or
thickness; affects how much the rods bend) 1ou are allowed to test this by pressing
down on each rod) 1ou can perform as many comparisons as you like until you can
e%plain which factors are important in determining fle%ibility) ,escribe what you
should do to show that length( diameter or the material is determining fle%ibility) 94
marks;
4*.* 1our task is to determine which of three women K 2my( 5arbara or #arol K all of
whom claim to be a man7s long lost sister( is truly his sister) 1ou may assume that he
has only one missing sister) N" am your long-lost sisterO says 2my) NShe7s lying K"7m
your long-lost sisterO 5arbara insists at the family reunion) N2t least two of us always
lieO smirks a third woman( #arol) 'hich one is the man7s long-lost sister( and how
can you be sure4 2nswer using only the information contained in this scenario 9A
marks;
Type your answers $irectly into the answer #ri$*
Worksheet number '5( Careers in psycholo#y
Part of the lecture programme for this module has introduced you to some of the
wide range of careers open to psychologists( albeit after a further period of training
and supervision) To demonstrate your understanding of how both psychologists and
psychology are positioned in the workplace( use the internet to research the following
areas( and type the answers to these 0uestions directly onto the answer grid
provided)
'5*'* 'hat is 65PS7 an abbreviation for4 91 mark;
'5*+* &rom the 5PS website( name the F areas in which you can become a chartered
psychologist 91 mark;
'5*.* 'hat 0ualifications must you hold to become eligible to register as an
educational psychologist in $ngland and 'ales4 91 mark;
'5*/* 'hat 0ualifications do you need to attain to practice as a sport@e%ercise
psychologist4 91 mark;
'5*0* =n the 5PS website they argue that when looking to study for a degree in
psychology( one should choose one7s course carefully: Nto keep your options open
we strongly recommend that you take an accredited psychology degree that gives
you eligibility for raduate 5asis for #hartered Gembership 95#;O) 'hy is this
important4 91 mark;
'5*1* #hoose a non-psychology career 9i)e) one open to psychology graduates and
non-psychologist graduates alike; which is of interest to you( and highlight L ways in
which psychology might be utilised in the workplace for that occupation) 9L marks;
%S/55'-/5
Workbook
This response #ri$ shoul$ be submitte$ both via Turnit"n on =inerva an$ in the
%sycholo#y BoA in Stanton on or before =on$ay '3
th
=arch +5'.8 no later than
'+ noon* The + pieces of information re)ueste$ below must be complete$8 in
or$er for your workbook responses to be marke$*
Stu$ent number FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF**
Seminar tutor FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF**
Use this answer #ri$ to recor$ your answers8 reformattin# the spaces where
necessary to incorporate #raphs8 sli$es etc* %lease $o not write anythin# in the
far ri#ht han$ column8 as this is where your tutor will recor$ your marks for
each )uestion*
Worksheet '( "nformation #atherin#
'*'
'*+
'*.
'*/
'*0
'*1
'*2
'*3
'*4
'*'5
Worksheet +( %resentation of information
+*'
+*+
Worksheet .( !avi#atin# your way aroun$ library services
.*'
.*+
.*.
.*/
.*0
.*1
.*2
Worksheet /( 9raphical representation of :ata
/*'
Worksheet 0( Basic :escriptive Statistics
0*'
0*+
0*.
0*/
0*0
0*1
0*2
0*3
0*4
0*'5
Worksheet 1( Referencin# an$ pla#iarism
1*'
1*+
1*.
1*/
1*0
1*1
Worksheet 2( ca$emic writin# an$ essay writin#
2*'
2*+
Worksheet 3( Reviewin# your presentation skills
3*'
3*+
3*.
3*/
3*0
Worksheet 4( Reasonin# skills an$ problem solvin#*
4*'
4*+
4*.
Worksheet '5( Careers in psycholo#y
'5*'
'5*+
'5*.
'5*/
'5*0
'5*1