INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

The instructional technology refers to the different teaching tools that the teacher
uses in order to improve the learning process in the students. These tools can be CD
player, computers, calculators and those tools which are new in the learning process.
Some teachers use computer in order to show their students topics they need to know,
and at the same time, this help the students to learn easier and in a meaningful
process. The use of technologies is the classroom is really helpful for the learning
process of the students and at the same time, they can enjoy the learning process.

The Instructional DesigN or Instructional Systems Design is the systematic
development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to
ensure the quality instruction. It includes the development of instructional materials
and activities and also analyse the learning needs and goals of the institution and the
learner. There are many instructional design model but many of them are based on the
ADDIE model.

The Cognitive Load Theory refers to the total amount of mental activity imposed on
working memory at an instance in a time. Sweller and his associates discovered
several learning effects related to cognitive load and the design of instruction. There
were some debates focused on the influences that the social networking sites on the
learning process of the learners. One aspect of Cognitive Load Theory is that involves
understanding how many discrete units of information can be retain in short-term
memory before information loss occurs. For example, using the short-term memory in
order to memorize a 7-digit phone number, this is based on the theory that the average
person can retain only seven chunks of information in a short period of time.D

The learning design refers to the methodologies or techniques use in the learning
process. It also refers with the comparison of the pedagogical approaches and the
association with the activities using in the classroom.
There are two main instructional designs: the ADDIE model and the DICK and CAREY
model.
The ADDIE model.
-Analysis. The instructional goals and objectives are established and the learning
environment and learner's existing knowledges and skills are identified.
-Design. This deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises,
content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection.
-Develop. This is where the instructional designers and developers create and
assemble the content assets that were blueprinted in the design stage.
-Implement. The facilitators training should cover the course curriculum, learning
outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures.
-Evaluate. It is important to make sure the materials achieved the desire goals, taking
into account the formative and summative part of the evaluation system.

Dick and Carey model made a significant and important contribution design field by
championing a systems views of instruction as opposed to viewing instructions as a
sum of isolated parts. It is composed of ten components
1. Identify Instructional Goals. Describe what learners are expected to perform at
the end of the instruction.
2. Conduct Instructional Analysis. Identify the exact performance gap between the
present performance and the desired performance.
3. Identify Entry Behaviors. Identify the general characteristics of the learners.
4. Write Performance Objectives. This is about the description of the task or skills to
be learned.
5. Develop Assessment Instruments. The tests and evaluations must be
creating, accordance with the needs of the learners and the progress they must have.
6. Develop Instructional Strategy. Create a blueprint of the learning activities that will
be develop`.
7.Develop and Select Instructional Materials. Develop the instructional content and
activities according with the topic.
8.Design and Conduct. Use iterative design methods, such as prototypes, small field
group trials.(Formative Evaluation)
9.Design and Conduct. Judge the worthiness of the entire program with the focus
being on the outcome. (Summative Evaluation)
10.Revise Instruction: Use the data from the two types of evaluations to examine the
validity of the instructional material and revise as needed.

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY
The instructional technology refers to the different teaching tools that the teacher
uses in order to improve the learning process in the students. These tools can be CD
player, computers, calculators and those tools which are new in the learning process.
Some teachers use computer in order to show their students topics they need to know,
and at the same time, this help the students to learn easier and in a meaningful
process. The use of technologies is the classroom is really helpful for the learning
process of the students and at the same time, they can enjoy the learning process.

The Instructional Design or Instructional Systems Design is the systematic
development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to
ensure the quality instruction. It includes the development of instructional materials
and activities and also analyses the learning needs and goals of the institution and the
learner. There are many instructional design model but many of them are based on the
ADDIE model.
The Cognitive Load Theory refers to the total amount of mental activity imposed on
working memory at an instance in a time. Sweller and his associates discovered
several learning effects related to cognitive load and the design of instruction. There
were some debates focused on the influences that the social networking sites on the
learning process of the learners. One aspect of Cognitive Load Theory is that involves
understanding how many discrete units of information can be retain in short-term
memory before information loss occurs. For example, using the short-term memory in
order to memorize a 7-digit phone number, this is based on the theory that the average
person can retain only seven chunks of information in a short period of time.
The learning design refers to the methodologies or techniques use in the learning
process. It also refers with the comparison of the pedagogical approaches and the
association with the activities using in the classroom.
There are two main instructional designs: the ADDIE model and the DICK and CAREY
model.
The ADDIE model.
-Analysis. The instructional goals and objectives are established and the learning
environment and learner's existing knowledge and skills are identified.
-Design. This deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises,
content, subject matter analysis, and lesson planning and media selection.
-Develop. This is where the instructional designers and developers create and
assemble the content assets that were blueprinted in the design stage.
-Implement. The facilitators training should cover the course curriculum, learning
outcomes, method of delivery, and testing procedures.
-Evaluate. It is important to make sure the materials achieved the desire goals, taking
into account the formative and summative part of the evaluation system.

Dick and Carey model made a significant and important contribution design field by
championing systems views of instruction as opposed to viewing instructions as a sum
of isolated parts. It is composed of ten components
1. Identify Instructional Goals. Describe what learners are expected to perform at
the end of the instruction.
2. Conduct Instructional Analysis. Identify the exact performance gap between the
present performance and the desired performance.
3. Identify Entry Behaviors. Identify the general characteristics of the learners.
4. Write Performance Objectives. This is about the description of the task or skills to
be learned.
5. Develop Assessment Instruments. The tests and evaluations must be creating,
accordance with the needs of the learners and the progress they must have.
6. Develop Instructional Strategy. Create a blueprint of the learning activities that will
be develop`.
7. Develop and Select Instructional Materials. Develop the instructional content and
activities according with the topic.
8. Design and Conduct. Use iterative design methods, such as prototypes, small field
group trials.(Formative Evaluation)
9. Design and Conduct. Judge the worthiness of the entire program with the focus
being on the outcome. (Summative Evaluation)
10. Revise Instruction: Use the data from the two types of evaluations to examine the
validity of the instructional material and revise as needed.